Allocasuarina luehmannii

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Allocasuarina luehmannii
Allocausarina Ieuhmanii tree.jpg
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Rosids
Order: Fagales
Family: Casuarinaceae
Genus: Allocasuarina
Species:
A. luehmannii
Binomial name
Allocasuarina luehmannii
AllocasuarinaluehmanniiDistributionMap29.png
Occurrence data from AVH
Synonyms [1]
  • Allocasuarina luehmanniiL.A.S.Johnson nom. inval.
  • Casuarina luehmanniR.T.Baker orth. var.
  • Casuarina luehmanniiR.T.Baker

Allocasuarina luehmannii, commonly known as buloke or bull-oak, [2] is a species of flowering plant in the family Casuarinaceae and is endemic to south-eastern continental Australia. It is a dioecious tree, that has its leaves reduced to scales in whorls of ten to fourteen, and the mature fruiting cones are 5–12 mm (0.20–0.47 in) long containing winged seeds (samaras) 4–5 mm (0.16–0.20 in) long.

Contents

Description

Allocasuarina luehmannii is a dioecious tree that typically grows to a height of 5–15 m (16–49 ft) and has furrowed bark. Its branchlets are more or less erect, up to 400 mm (16 in) long, the leaves reduced to scale-like teeth 0.5–1 mm (0.020–0.039 in) long, arranged in whorls of ten to fourteen around the branchlets. The sections of branchlet between the leaf whorls (the "articles") are 8–22 mm (0.31–0.87 in) long, 1–2 mm (0.039–0.079 in) wide and often waxy. Male flowers are arranged in spikes 105–50 mm (4.1–2.0 in) long, in whorls of five to eight per centimetre (per 0.39 in.), the anthers 1.0–1.3 mm (0.039–0.051 in) long. Female cones are sessile or on a peduncle up to 5 mm (0.20 in) long, the mature cones shortly cylindrical, 5–12 mm (0.20–0.47 in) long and 8–14 mm (0.31–0.55 in) in diameter containing reddish-brown samaras 4–5 mm (0.16–0.20 in) long. [2] [3] [4] [5]

Taxonomy and naming

Bull-oak was first formally described in 1900 by Richard Thomas Baker who gave it the name Casuarina luehmannii in the Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales from specimens collected by Richard Hind Cambage. [6] [7] It was subsequently reclassified in the Allocasuarina genus as A.luehmannii by Lawrence Alexander Sidney Johnson in 1985 in the Journal of the Adelaide Botanic Gardens . [8]

The Wiradjuri people of New South Wales use the name Ngany to refer to this species. [9]

Distribution and habitat

Allocasuarina luehmannii usually grows in scattered places in woodland from Mareeba and south through central Queensland and New South Wales and the Australian Capital Territory to north-western Victoria and nearby areas of South Australia. It rarely occurs near the coast, except in the Hunter Valley and near Rockhampton. [3] [4] [5]

Ecology

This tree is an important food resource for the endangered southeastern subspecies of the red-tailed black cockatoo in the Wimmera region of western Victoria, where some remnant stands are threatened by farming practices. [10]

Uses

Wood

The wood of buloke is commonly used for knife handles, flooring, fine furniture and turned objects and is reported as being the hardest wood in the world, with a Janka hardness of 16,740 N (3,760 lbf). [11]

Aboriginal uses

The Wiradjuri people of NSW use the timber and resinous sap to make a range of tools and other implements, including weapons such as boomerangs and clubs. [9] Wiradjuri people also value the species due to its ability to attract many animals that are food sources, such as possums and birds. [9]

The Shire of Buloke in Victoria, Australia is named after this tree species. [12]

Related Research Articles

<i>Allocasuarina torulosa</i> Species of tree

Allocasuarina torulosa, commonly known as forest oak, rose sheoak, river oak or Baker's oak, is a species of flowering plant in the family Casuarinaceae and is endemic to eastern Australia. It is a slender, usually dioecious tree that has drooping branchlets up to 140 mm (5.5 in) long, the leaves reduced to scales in whorls of four or five, and the fruiting cones 15–33 mm (0.59–1.30 in) long containing winged seeds 7–10 mm (0.28–0.39 in) long.

<i>Allocasuarina distyla</i> Species of flowering plant

Allocasuarina distyla, commonly known as scrub she-oak, is a species of flowering plant in the family Casuarinaceae and is endemic to south-eastern New South Wales. It is a dioecious shrub that has branchlets up to 350 mm (14 in) long, the leaves reduced to scales in whorls of six to eight, the fruiting cones 13–35 mm (0.51–1.38 in) long containing winged seeds (samaras) 4.0–8.0 mm (0.16–0.31 in) long.

<i>Casuarina glauca</i> Species of tree

Casuarina glauca, commonly known as swamp she-oak, swamp buloke, swamp she-oak, marsh sheoak, grey she-oak, grey she-oak, native pine, or guman by the Gadigal people, is a species of flowering plant that is endemic to eastern Australia. It is a dioecious tree that often forms root suckers and has fissured and scaly bark, spreading or drooping branchlets, the leaves reduced to scales in whorls of 12 to 20, the fruit 9–18 mm (0.35–0.71 in) long containing winged seeds (samaras) 3.5–5.0 mm (0.14–0.20 in) long.

<i>Allocasuarina verticillata</i> Species of plant

Allocasuarina verticillata, commonly known as drooping sheoak, is a species of flowering plant in the family Casuarinaceae and is endemic to south-eastern Australia. It is a small dioecious tree that has drooping branchlets up to 400 mm (16 in) long, the leaves reduced to scales in whorls of nine to thirteen, the mature fruiting cones 20–50 mm (0.79–1.97 in) long containing winged seeds 7–12 mm (0.28–0.47 in) long.

<i>Allocasuarina littoralis</i> Species of tree

Allocasuarina littoralis, commonly known as black she-oak, is a species of flowering plant in the family Casuarinaceae and is endemic to eastern Australia. It is dioecious, or less commonly a monoecious tree or shrub, that has its leaves reduced to scales, usually in whorls of six to eight, the mature fruiting cones 10–30 mm (0.39–1.18 in) long containing winged seeds (samaras) 4.0–10 mm (0.16–0.39 in) long.

<i>Allocasuarina portuensis</i> Species of tree

Allocasuarina portuensis, commonly known as Nielsen Park she-oak, is a species of flowering plant in the family Casuarinaceae and is endemic to a restricted part of the Sydney region in eastern New South Wales. It is a slender, dioecious shrub with branchlets up to 270 mm (11 in) long, the leaves reduced to scales in whorls of seven or eight, the fruiting cones 12–15 mm (0.47–0.59 in) long containing winged seeds 4–5 mm (0.16–0.20 in) long.

<i>Allocasuarina nana</i> Species of flowering plant

Allocasuarina nana, commonly known as dwarf she-oak or as stunted sheoak, is a species of flowering plant in the family Casuarinaceae and is endemic to south-eastern continental Australia. It is a low, spreading dioecious, rarely monoecious shrub that has branchlets up to 80 mm (3.1 in) long, the leaves reduced to scales in whorls of four to six, the fruiting cones 14–24 mm (0.55–0.94 in) long containing winged seeds 4–6 mm (0.16–0.24 in) long.

<i>Allocasuarina inophloia</i> Species of tree

Allocasuarina inophloia, commonly known as stringybark she-oak, is a species of flowering plant in the family Casuarinaceae and is endemic to eastern Australia. It is a small dioecious tree that has finely fibrous, ribbony bark, its leaves reduced to scales in whorls of seven to nine, the mature fruiting cones 10–20 mm (0.39–0.79 in) long containing winged seeds (samaras) 5–6 mm (0.20–0.24 in) long.

<i>Allocasuarina campestris</i> Species of flowering plant

Allocasuarina campestris is a species of flowering plant in the family Casuarinaceae and is endemic to the south-west of Western Australia. It is a dense, monoecious or dioecious shrub that has more or less erect branchlets, the leaves reduced to scales in whorls of seven to nine, the mature fruiting cones 19–42 mm (0.75–1.65 in) long containing winged seeds (samaras) 4.7–10 mm (0.19–0.39 in) long.

<i>Allocasuarina paludosa</i> Species of plant

Allocasuarina paludosa, commonly known as swamp she-oak or scrub sheoak, is a species of flowering plant in the family Casuarinaceae and is endemic to south-eastern continental Australia. It is a monoecious or dioecious shrub that has branchlets up to 200 mm (7.9 in) long, the leaves reduced to scales in whorls of six to eight, the fruiting cones 10–18 mm (0.39–0.71 in) long containing winged seeds 3.5–5.0 mm (0.14–0.20 in) long.

<i>Allocasuarina paradoxa</i> Species of plant

Allocasuarina paradoxa is a species of flowering plant in the family Casuarinaceae and is endemic to Victoria. It is a dioecious or monoecious shrub that has branchlets up to 150 mm (5.9 in) long, the leaves reduced to scales in whorls of seven to eleven, the fruiting cones 13–25 mm (0.51–0.98 in) long containing winged seeds 4–8 mm (0.16–0.31 in) long.

<i>Allocasuarina dielsiana</i> Species of flowering plant

Allocasuarina dielsiana, commonly known as northern sheoak, is a species of flowering plant in the family Casuarinaceae and is endemic to the south-west of Western Australia. It is a dioecious tree that has more or less erect branchlets, the leaves reduced to scales in whorls of six to eight, and the mature fruiting cones 14–30 mm (0.55–1.18 in) long containing winged seeds (samaras) 8–10 mm (0.31–0.39 in) long.

<i>Allocasuarina helmsii</i> Species of flowering plant

Allocasuarina helmsii is a species of flowering plant in the family Casuarinaceae and is endemic to the south-western Australia. It is a dioecious shrub that erect branchlets, the leaves reduced to scales in whorls of five or six, and mature fruiting cones 15–33 mm (0.59–1.30 in) long containing winged seeds (samaras) 4–5 mm (0.16–0.20 in) long.

<i>Allocasuarina pinaster</i> Species of flowering plant

Allocasuarina pinaster, commonly known as compass bush, is a species of flowering plant in the family Casuarinaceae and is endemic to the south-west of Western Australia. It is a prickly, dioecious shrub resembling a pine tree and that has its leaves reduced to scales in whorls of four, the mature fruiting cones 14–25 mm (0.55–0.98 in) long, containing winged seeds 10–11 mm (0.39–0.43 in) long.

<i>Allocasuarina scleroclada</i> Species of flowering plant

Allocasuarina scleroclada is a species of flowering plant in the family Casuarinaceae and is endemic to areas along the south coast of Western Australia. It is a straggly, dioecious shrub that has branchlets up to 230 mm (9.1 in) long, the leaves reduced to scales in whorls of ten or eleven, the mature fruiting cones 18–25 mm (0.71–0.98 in) long containing winged seeds 5–8 mm (0.20–0.31 in) long.

Allocasuarina tessellata is a species of flowering plant in the family Casuarinaceae and is endemic to the south-west of Western Australia. It is a dioecious shrub or tree that has more or less erect branchlets, the leaves reduced to scales in whorls of eight or nine, the mature fruiting cones 26–55 mm (1.0–2.2 in) long containing winged seeds 5.0–7.5 mm (0.20–0.30 in) long.

<i>Allocasuarina thuyoides</i> Species of flowering plant

Allocasuarina thuyoides, commonly known as horned sheoak, is a species of flowering plant in the family Casuarinaceae and is endemic to the south-west of Western Australia. It is monoecious or dioecious shrub that has its leaves reduced to scales in whorls of five or six, the mature fruiting cones 8–20 mm (0.31–0.79 in) long containing winged seeds usually 5.0–6.0 mm (0.20–0.24 in) long.

<i>Allocasuarina trichodon</i> Species of flowering plant

Allocasuarina trichodon is a species of flowering plant in the family Casuarinaceae and is endemic to areas along the south coast of Western Australia. It is a dioecious, rarely a monoecious shrub that has branchlets up to 300 mm (12 in) long, the leaves reduced to scales in whorls of eight to ten, and the fruiting cones 15–50 mm (0.59–1.97 in) long containing winged seeds 8–10 mm (0.31–0.39 in) long.

<i>Allocasuarina muelleriana</i> Species of plant

Allocasuarina muelleriana, commonly known as slaty sheoak, is a species of flowering plant in the family Casuarinaceae and is endemic to southern continental Australia. It is a dioecious, rarely a monoecious shrub that has branchlets up to 120 mm (4.7 in) long, the leaves reduced to scales in whorls of five to eight, the fruiting cones 14–30 mm (0.55–1.18 in) long containing winged seeds 6–9 mm (0.24–0.35 in) long.

<i>Allocasuarina pusilla</i> Species of plant

Allocasuarina pusilla, commonly known as heath oak-bush or dwarf sheoak, is a species of flowering plant in the family Casuarinaceae and is endemic to south-eastern continental Australia. It is a spreading, dioecious shrub with branchlets up to 120 mm (4.7 in) long, the leaves reduced to scales in whorls of five to seven, the fruiting cones 10–15 mm (0.39–0.59 in) long containing winged seeds about 5 mm (0.20 in) long.

References

  1. 1 2 "Allocasuarina luehmannii". Australian Plant Census. Retrieved 16 June 2023.
  2. 1 2 "Allocasuarina luehmannii". State Herbarium of South Australia. Retrieved 16 June 2023.
  3. 1 2 Wilson, Karen L.; Johnson, Lawrence A.S. "Allocasuarina luehmannii". Royal Botanic Garden Sydney. Retrieved 16 June 2023.
  4. 1 2 "Allocasuarina luehmannii". Australian Biological Resources Study, Department of Agriculture, Water and the Environment: Canberra. Retrieved 16 June 2023.
  5. 1 2 Entwisle, Timothy J. "Allocasuarina luehmannii". Royal Botanic Gardens Victoria. Retrieved 16 June 2023.
  6. ↑ "Casuarina luehmannii". APNI. Retrieved 16 June 2023.
  7. ↑ Baker, Richard T. (1900). "On two new species of Casuarina". Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales. 24 (4): 608–609. doi:10.5962/bhl.part.7685 . Retrieved 16 June 2023.
  8. ↑ "Allocasuarina luehmannii". APNI. Retrieved 16 June 2023.
  9. 1 2 3 Williams, Alice; Sides, Tim, eds. (2008). Wiradjuri Plant Use in the Murrumbidgee Catchment. Murrumbidgee Catchment Management Authority. p. 21. ISBN   978-0-7347-5856-9.
  10. ↑ Joseph, L. (1982). "The Red-tailed Black-Cockatoo in south-eastern Australia". Emu. 82 (1): 42–45. Bibcode:1982EmuAO..82...42J. doi:10.1071/MU9820042.
  11. ↑ "Australian Buloke". The Wood Database. Retrieved 16 June 2023.
  12. ↑ "Buloke Shire". Buloke Shire Council. Retrieved 16 June 2023.
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