The Grand National Assembly of Turkey, usually referred to simply as the TBMM or Parliament, is the unicameral Turkish legislature. It is the sole body given the legislative prerogatives by the Turkish Constitution. It was founded in Ankara on 23 April 1920 amid the National Campaign. This constitution had founded its pre-government known as 1st Executive Ministers of Turkey in May 1920. The parliament was fundamental in the efforts of Mareşal Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, 1st President of the Republic of Turkey, and his colleagues to found a new state out of the remnants of the Ottoman Empire.
Alparslan Türkeş was a Turkish politician, who was the founder and president of the Nationalist Movement Party (MHP) and the Grey Wolves (Ülkü Ocakları). He ran the Grey Wolves training camps from 1968 to 1978. More than 600 people are said to have fallen victim of political murders by the Grey Wolves between 1968 and 1980. He represented the far-right of the Turkish political spectrum. He was and still is called Başbuğ ("Leader") by his devotees.
Architecture of Turkey or Turkish architecture in the republican period is the architecture practised in Turkey since the foundation of the republic in 1923. In the first years of the republic, Turkish architecture was influenced by Seljuk and Ottoman architecture, in particular during the First National Architectural Movement. However, starting from the 1930s, architectural styles began to differ from traditional architecture, also as a result of an increasing number of foreign architects being invited to work in the country, mostly from Germany and Austria. The Second World War was a period of isolation, during which the Second National Architectural Movement emerged. Similar to Fascist architecture, the movement aimed to create a modern but nationalistic architecture.
The Ministry of Energy and Natural Resources is the government ministry of Republic of Turkey responsible for natural resources and energy in Turkey. The ministry is headed by Alparslan Bayraktar. Despite the ministry being represented on the Climate Change and Air Management Coordination Board, the European Commission has criticised the lack of co-ordination between policy on climate change in Turkey and the energy policy of Turkey. The net zero by 2053 target was reportedly set without consulting the ministry, and as of 2023 the ministry has not published a plan to meet the target.
Algeria has an embassy in Ankara, and a general consulate in Istanbul. Turkey has an embassy in Algiers. Both countries are full members of the Union for the Mediterranean.
Volkan Ş. Ediger is a Turkish scientist, writer and bureaucrat. After graduating from the Middle East Technical University, he earned his PhD from the Pennsylvania State University in 1986. His training is in geology, geochemistry, and palynology.
Numan Kurtulmuş is a Turkish politician and academic who is currently the speaker of the Grand National Assembly.
Energy consumption per person in Turkey is similar to the world average, and over 85 per cent is from fossil fuels. From 1990 to 2017 annual primary energy supply tripled, but then remained constant to 2019. In 2019, Turkey's primary energy supply included around 30 per cent oil, 30 per cent coal, and 25 per cent gas. These fossil fuels contribute to Turkey's air pollution and its above average greenhouse gas emissions. Turkey mines its own lignite but imports three-quarters of its energy, including half the coal and almost all the oil and gas it requires, and its energy policy prioritises reducing imports.
Hikmet Sami Türk is a Turkish academic and politician. He was at the faculty of law of Ankara University from 1967 until 1995. Elected to parliament from 1995 to 2002 for the Democratic Left Party, he was Minister of Defense and Minister of Justice. He joined the faculty of Bilkent University in 2005. On April 29, 2009 he survived an assassination attempt by Dev-Sol.
The 2013 corruption scandal in Turkey or 17-25 December Corruption and Bribery Operation was a criminal investigation that involved several key people in the Turkish government. All of the 52 people detained on 17 December were connected in various ways with the ruling Justice and Development Party (AKP). Prosecutors accused 14 people – including Suleyman Aslan, the director of state-owned Halkbank, Iranian businessman Reza Zarrab, and several family members of cabinet ministers – of bribery, corruption, fraud, money laundering and gold smuggling.
Renewables supply a quarter of energy in Turkey, including heat and electricity. Some houses have rooftop solar water heating, and hot water from underground warms many spas and greenhouses. In parts of the west hot rocks are shallow enough to generate electricity as well as heat. Wind turbines, also mainly near western cities and industry, generate a tenth of Turkey’s electricity. Hydropower, mostly from dams in the east, is the only modern renewable energy which is fully exploited. Hydropower averages about a fifth of the country's electricity, but much less in drought years. Apart from wind and hydro, other renewables; such as geothermal, solar and biogas; together generated almost a tenth of Turkey’s electricity in 2022. Türkiye has ranked 5th in Europe and 12th in the world in terms of installed capacity in renewable energy. The share of renewables in Türkiye’s installed power reached to 54% at the end of 2022.
Burhanettin Duran is a Turkish political life scholar best known as author of academic studies on the transformation of political Islam under the rule of Justice and Development Party in Turkey. He is a former member of the Department of Political Science and International Relations at Istanbul Sehir University. He is currently the general director of the Foundation for Political, Economic and Social Research (SETA), an Ankara-based think tank funded by Turkish government.
Ali Şahin is a Turkish politician who has been Deputy Minister of European Union Affairs since January 2016. He served as a member of parliament for Gaziantep from Justice and Development Party (AKP) between 2011 and 2015. He was a candidate for MP at the June 2015 and November 2015 general elections. He managed to get on the AKP's Gaziantep candidates' lists but did not succeed in being re-elected MP again. He was elected as the TGNA XXVII. period AK Party Gaziantep deputy in the 24 June 2018 parliamentary elections. He served as the AK Party deputy chairman of social policies, a member of the Foreign Affairs Committee of the Parliament, and a member of the PACE Turkish Group. The Sitara-i-Pakistan was conferred upon him in 2020 by the president of Pakistan, Dr. Arif Alvi. He is on duty as the chairman of the Turkiye – Pakistan Parliamentary Friendship Group. He was selected as the administrative chief of the presidency of the Grand National Assembly of Turkey on 9 July 2020. On 6 January 2022, he was selected as the head of the Turkish Delegation of the Latin American and Caribbean Parliament (Parlatino) in the Turkish Grand National Assembly.
Coal, cars and lorries vent more than a third of Turkey's six hundred million tonnes of annual greenhouse gas emissions, which are mostly carbon dioxide and part of the cause of climate change in Turkey. The nation's coal-fired power stations emit the most carbon dioxide, and other significant sources are road vehicles running on petrol or diesel. After coal and oil the third most polluting fuel is fossil gas; which is burnt in Turkey's gas-fired power stations, homes and workplaces. Much methane is belched by livestock; cows alone produce half of the greenhouse gas from agriculture in Turkey.
Coal supplies a quarter of Turkey's primary energy. The heavily subsidised coal industry generates over a third of the country's electricity and emits a third of Turkey's greenhouse gases.
The Zonguldak Eren Termik Santrali (ZETES) power stations in Zonguldak are 3 coal-fired power stations in Turkey totaling 2790 MW owned by Eren Holding via Eren Enerji.
Çayırhan power station is a 620 MW operational coal fired power station in Turkey in Ankara Province. In 2019 land was expropriated for another lignite mine, to feed the a proposed extension, which was opposed as uneconomic and eventually had its licence revoked.
The Energy Market Regulatory Authority is the market regulator for energy in Turkey.
Energy Exchange Istanbul is an energy exchange. It trades electricity in Turkeyand gas in Turkey. One of its largest shareholders is the Istanbul stock market. It has a partnership with Nigerian Bulk Electricity Trading plc.
Ayyüce Türkeş Taş is a Turkish economist and politician. She is the daughter of Alparslan Türkeş and Member of Parliament from Adana.
