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Habiganj,formerly known as Habibganj,is a district in north-eastern Bangladesh,located in the Sylhet Division. It was established as a district in 1984 as a successor to its subdivision status since 1867. It is named after its headquarters,the town of Habiganj.
The Jaintia Kingdom was a matrilineal kingdom in present-day some parts of Bangladesh's Sylhet Division,India's Meghalaya state and Nagaon,Morigoan district of Assam. It was partitioned into three in 630 AD by Raja Guhak for his three sons,into the Jaintia Kingdom,Gour Kingdom and Laur Kingdom. It was annexed by the British East India Company in 1835. All the Pnar Rajahs of the Jaintiapur Kingdom are from the Syiem Sutnga clan,a Pnar clan of the Khasi tribe which claims descent from Ka Li Dohkha,a divine nymph.
The Twipra Kingdom was a Hindu kingdom of Tibeto-Burman ethnic dynasty of the Tripuri people in Northeast India.
The Manipur Kingdom was an ancient kingdom at the India–Burma frontier. Historically,Manipur was an independent kingdom ruled by a Meitei dynasty. But it was also invaded and ruled over by Burmese kingdom at various point of time. It became a protectorate of the British East India Company from 1824,and a princely state of British Raj in 1891. It bordered Assam Province in the west and British Burma in the east,and in the 20th century covered an area of 22,327 square kilometres and contained 467 villages. The capital of the state was Imphal.
The Pratapgarh Kingdom was a medieval state in the north-east of the Indian subcontinent. Composed of the present-day Indian district of Karimganj,as well as parts of Tripura State and Sylhet,Bangladesh,the kingdom was ruled by a line of Muslim monarchs over a mixed population of Hindu and Islamic adherents. It was bordered by the larger kingdoms of Kachar,Tripura and Bengal.
The Kingdom of Laur was one of the many petty kingdoms of the Sylhet region. Others included the Gour Kingdom,Ita Kingdom,Taraf Kingdom,Pratapgarh Kingdom and Jaintia Kingdom.
The Conquest of Sylhet predominantly refers to an Islamic conquest of Srihatta led by Sikandar Khan Ghazi,the military general of Sultan Shamsuddin Firoz Shah of the Lakhnauti Sultanate,against the Hindu king Gour Govinda. The conquest was aided by a Muslim saint known as Shah Jalal,who later ordered his disciples to scatter throughout eastern Bengal and propagate the religion of Islam. The Conquest of Sylhet may also include other minor incidents taking place after Govinda's defeat,such as the capture of nearby Taraf.
The Greater Sylhet region predominantly included the Sylhet Division in Bangladesh,and Karimganj district in Assam,India. The history of the Sylhet region begins with the existence of expanded commercial centres in the area that is now Sylhet City. Historically known as Srihatta and Shilhatta,it was ruled by the Buddhist and Hindu kingdoms of Harikela and Kamarupa before passing to the control of the Chandra,Sena and Deva dynasties in the early medieval period. After the fall of these Buddhist and Hindu principalities,the region became home to many more independent petty kingdoms such as Jaintia,Gour,Laur,and later Taraf,Pratapgarh,Jagannathpur,Chandrapur and Ita. After the Conquest of Sylhet in the 14th century,the region was absorbed into Shamsuddin Firoz Shah's independent principality based in Lakhnauti,Western Bengal. It was then successively ruled by the Muslim sultanates of Delhi and the Bengal Sultanate before collapsing into Muslim petty kingdoms,mostly ruled by Afghan chieftains,after the fall of the Karrani dynasty in 1576. Described as Bengal's Wild East,the Mughals struggled in defeating the chieftains of Sylhet. After the defeat of Khwaja Usman,their most formidable opponent,the area finally came under Mughal rule in 1612. Sylhet emerged as the Mughals' most significant imperial outpost in the east and its importance remained as such throughout the seventeenth century. After the Mughals,the British Empire ruled the region for over 180 years until the independence of Pakistan and India. There was a complete list of the different amils who governed Sylhet which was recorded in the office of the Qanungoh of Sylhet. However,most complete copies have been lost or destroyed. Dates from letters and seal traces show evidence that the amils were constantly changed. In 1947,when a referendum was held,Sylhet decided to join the Pakistani province of East Bengal. However,when the Radcliffe Line was drawn up,Karimganj district of Barak Valley was given to India by the commission after being pleaded by Abdul Matlib Mazumdar's delegation. Throughout the History of Sylhet,raids and invasions were also common from neighbouring kingdoms as well as tribes such as the Khasis and Kukis.
Govinda Fenchu,better known by his regnal title Gour Gobind and also known by the sobriquet Shomudro Tonoy,was the 21st and final king of medieval Sylhet's Gour Kingdom. He is described as a very conservative Hindu ruler whose reign started in 1260.
Gangadhwaj Govardhan was the 20th king of medieval Sylhet's Gour Kingdom.
Maha Manikya,also known as Chhengthung Fa,was the Maharaja of Tripura from about 1400 to 1431. Contrary to narratives provided by early histories,evidence indicates that Maha Manikya was the founder of the kingdom,having established dominance over neighbouring tribes in the early 15th century. He is further thought to be the first holder of the title "Manikya",taken in recognition of a historic victory over the neighbouring Bengal Sultanate. The dynasty which he founded continued using the title until Tripura's merger with India in 1949.
Prince Garuda,was a 14th-century Hindu prince and heir apparent of King Govardhan of Gour,he is known for his participation in the Conquest of Sylhet.
Manoranjan Rai,or more commonly known as Mona Rai was the final chief minister of medieval Sylhet's Gour Kingdom. He is most known for being named after the highest hill in Sylhet city.
Madan Rai was the penultimate chief minister of medieval Sylhet's Gour Kingdom. He was described to have been very sharp and "shrewd".
Jaidev Rai was the Governor of Brahmachal under the Twipra Kingdom.
The Kingdom of Gour was one of the greater of the many petty kingdoms of the medieval Sylhet region. According to legend,it was founded by Gurak,off-shooting from Kamarupa's Jaintia Kingdom in 630. Much of its early history is considered legendary or mythological up until Navagirvana who is mentioned in the Bhatera copper-plate inscriptions. The Kings of Gour are described as patrons of Hindu revivalism in what was previously a predominantly Buddhist and animist populated land.
Taraf,previously known as Tungachal,was a feudal territory of the Sylhet region in Bengal and was under many petty kingdoms in different periods of time. It was part of what is present-day Habiganj District in Bangladesh.
Amar Manikya was the Maharaja of Tripura from 1577 to 1586.
The Greater Noakhali region predominantly includes the districts of Noakhali,Feni and Lakshmipur in Bangladesh,though it has historically also included Bhola,Sandwip and some southern parts of Tripura in India and southern Comilla. The history of the Noakhali region begins with the existence of civilisation in the villages of Shilua and Bhulua. Bhulua became a focal point during the Buddhist and Hindu kingdoms of Pundra,Harikela and Samatata leading it to become the initial name of the region as a whole. The medieval Kingdom of Bhulua enjoyed autonomy under the Twipra Kingdom and Bengal Sultanate before being conquered by the Mughal Empire. At the beginning of the 17th century,Portuguese pirates led by Sebastian Gonzales took control of the ara but were later defeated by Governor Shaista Khan. Affected by floodwaters,the capital of the region was swiftly moved to a new place known as Noakhali,from which the region presently takes its name. By 1756,the British East India Company had dominated and started to establish several factories in the region. The headquarters was once again moved in 1951,to Maijdee,as a result of Noakhali town vanishing due to fluvial erosion.