Amaru Topa Inca

Last updated
Amaru Topa Yupanqui
SAHUARAURA p089 - INCA IUPANQUI.jpg
Amaru Yupanqui, 19th century, from Recuerdos de la Monarquia Peruana by Justo Sahuaraura
Co-ruler of the Inca Empire
Reign1450
Predecessor Pachacuti
Successor Tupac Yupanqui
BornUnknown
Cusco
DiedUnknown
Cusco
SpouseChimpu Ocllo
Father Pachacuti
MotherMama Anarwaki

Amaru Topa Inca, [1] [2] [3] also known as Amaru Inca Yupanqui, [4] (Quechua : Amaru Tupaq Inka) was an Inca prince and co-ruler of the Hanan dynasty, who reigned around 1450. [5] He was the son of Pachacuti and Mama Anawarki. Around 1450, Pachacuti decided to name him his co-ruler and successor. [1] [6] [2] [5] [7] His reign lasted between five [8] and ten years. [9]

Contents

Co-reign

He chose the palace of Hatuncancha, in Cuzco, as his residence, and married Curi Ocllo, also called Chimpu Ocllo. Although he was skilled in the administration of the state, he could not familiarize himself with his military tasks. This became evident when a revolt of the Colla broke out around lake Titicaca, while Pachacuti was campaigning in the Amazon rainforest. At first, Pachacuti put down the rebellion himself. However, following his return to Cusco, the Colla revolted again. This time, Amaru, as co-ruler, led the army, accompanied by his two brothers. [3] The Inca armies were victorious, but all the decisions of Amaru Yupanqui, if he would not have been assisted by his brothers, would have been disastrous. Due to the lack of military talent found in the joint prince, Pachacuti changed his decision and instead, with the support of the nobility, who disliked Amaru, [10] decided to name another one of his sons, Tupac Yupanqui, who in turn had a reputation as a talented warrior, as his co-ruler and successor. [1] [11] [12] Mariano Babtista Gumucio believes that Amaru was not forced to abdicate, and that he succeeded to his father in 1478, before quickly being overthrown by his brother Tupac Yupanqui. [13]

On the other hand, the French historian Henri Favre, rejecting the idea of a "co-government", writes that Tupac Yupanqui, with the support of the army, forced his father to abdicate, and to name him successor instead of Amaru Topa Inca. [6]

Death

The Spanish chronicles last mention him when his brother, now sole ruler of the Inca Empire, was on a campaign in Chile.

Inca Yupanqui

Inca Garcilaso de la Vega mentions an Inca Yupanqui, an Inca emperor whose reign took place between those of Pachacuti and Tupac Yupanqui, and who was the father of the latter; this theory is supported by Peruvian historian Julio Rolando Villanueva Sotomayor. [14] Garcilaso writes that most Spanish chroniclers confused the names of the sovereigns, and that the Inca Yupanqui, present in the names of Pachacuti and Tupac (Pachacuti Inca Yupanqui, Tupac Inca Yupanqui), is a separate person. [15] Pedro Cieza de León also mentions an Inca Yupanqui, but he is referring to Pachacuti. [12] Most chroniclers acknowledge the existence of Amaru, but write that he is only co-sovereign with his father, and that Tupac succeeds the latter. [16] [17] [3] María Rostworowski indicates that Garcilaso de la Vega avoids mentioning the Inca diarchy, out of fear that this would make his chronicle less comprehensible to the European reader, who could deduce that Tupac Yupanqui is a usurper. [8]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Túpac Amaru</span> Monarch of the Inca state in Peru

Túpac Amaru was the last Sapa Inca of the Neo-Inca State, the final remaining independent part of the Inca Empire. He was executed by the Spanish following a months-long pursuit after the fall of the Neo-Inca State.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Pachacuti</span> Sapa Inca of the Inca Empire

Pachacuti Inca Yupanqui, also called Pachacutec, was the ninth Sapa Inca of the Kingdom of Cusco which he transformed into the Inca Empire. Most archaeologists now believe that the famous Inca site of Machu Picchu was built as an estate for Pachacuti.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Atahualpa</span> Last Inca Emperor (ruled 1532–1533)

Atahualpa, also Atawallpa (Quechua), Atabalica, Atahuallpa, Atabalipa, was the last effective Incan emperor before his capture and execution during the Spanish conquest.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Huayna Capac</span> Sapa Inca of the Inca Empire

Huayna Capac was the third Sapa Inca of Tawantinsuyu, the Inca Empire. He was the son of and successor to Túpac Inca Yupanqui., the sixth Sapa Inca of the Hanan dynasty, and eleventh of the Inca civilization. He was born in Tumipampa and tutored to become Sapa Inca from a young age.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Sinchi Roca</span> Sapa Inca of the Kingdom of Cusco

Sinchi Roca, Sinchi Rocca, Cinchi Roca, Sinchi Ruq'a or Sinchi Ruq'a Inka was the second Sapa Inca of the Kingdom of Cusco and a member of the Hurin dynasty.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Manco Inca Yupanqui</span> 16th-century Inca emperor

Manco Inca Yupanqui was the founder and monarch of the independent Neo-Inca State in Vilcabamba, although he was originally a puppet Inca Emperor installed by the Spaniards. He was also known as "Manco II" and "Manco Cápac II". He was one of the sons of Huayna Capac and a younger brother of Huascar.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Topa Inca Yupanqui</span> Tenth emperor of the Inca Empire (before 1471– 1493)

Topa Inca Yupanqui or Túpac Inca Yupanqui, translated as "noble Inca accountant," was the tenth Sapa Inca (1471–93) of the Inca Empire, fifth of the Hanan dynasty. His father was Pachacuti, and his son was Huayna Capac. Topa Inca belonged to the Qhapaq panaca. His qoya was his older sister, Mama Ocllo.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Inca Garcilaso de la Vega</span> Writer, soldier, Spanish noble of Inca descent

Inca Garcilaso de la Vega, born Gómez Suárez de Figueroa and known as El Inca, was a chronicler and writer born in the Viceroyalty of Peru. Sailing to Spain at 21, he was educated informally there, where he lived and worked the rest of his life. The natural son of a Spanish conquistador and an Inca noblewoman born in the early years of the conquest, he is known primarily for his chronicles of Inca history, culture, and society. His work was widely read in Europe, influential and well received. It was the first literature by an author born in the Americas to enter the western canon.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Viracocha Inca</span> Sapa Inca of the Kingdom of Cusco

Viracocha or Wiraqucha was the eighth Sapa Inca of the Kingdom of Cusco and the third of the Hanan dynasty.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">History of the Incas</span> Incan Civilization

The Incas were most notable for establishing the Inca Empire which was centered in modern day South America in Peru and Chile. It was about 2,500 miles from the northern to southern tip. The Inca Empire lasted from 1438 to 1533. It was the largest Empire in America throughout the Pre-Columbian era. At the peak of the Inca Empire, it was the largest nation in the world and to this day is the largest native state in the western hemisphere. The Inca civilization was located from north to south of the western hemisphere of South America. The Inca state was known as the Kingdom of Cuzco before 1438. Over the course of the Inca Empire, the Inca used conquest and peaceful assimilation to incorporate the territory of modern-day Peru, followed by a large portion of western South America, into their empire, centered on the Andean mountain range. However, shortly after the Inca Civil War, the last Sapa Inca (emperor) of the Inca Empire was captured and killed on the orders of the conquistador Francisco Pizarro, marking the beginning of Spanish rule. The remnants of the empire retreated to the remote jungles of Vilcabamba and established the small Neo-Inca State, which was conquered by the Spanish in 1572.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Inca Civil War</span> War of succession just before the Spanish conquest

The Inca Civil War, also known as the Inca Dynastic War, the Inca War of Succession, or, sometimes, the War of the Two Brothers, was fought between half-brothers Huáscar and Atahualpa, sons of Huayna Capac, over succession to the throne of the Inca Empire. The war followed Huayna Capac's death.

<i>Comentarios Reales de los Incas</i> Book by Inca Garcilaso de la Vega

The Comentarios Reales de los Incas is a book written by Inca Garcilaso de la Vega, the first published mestizo writer of colonial Andean South America. The Comentarios Reales de los Incas is considered by most to be the unquestioned masterpiece of Inca Garcilaso de la Vega, born of the first generation after the Spanish conquest.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Cara culture</span> Pre-Columbian culture

The Cara or Caranqui culture flourished in coastal Ecuador, in what is now Manabí Province, in the first millennium CE.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Kingdom of Cusco</span> Former country

The Kingdom of Cusco, also called the Cusco confederation, was a small kingdom based in the Andean city of Cusco that began as a small city-state founded by the Incas around the start of 13th century. In time, through warfare or peaceful assimilation, it began to grow and was succeeded by the Inca Empire (1438–1533).

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Paccha Duchicela</span>

Paccha Duchicela (1485–1525), was, according to the priest Juan de Velasco, a queen regnant of Quito in 1487–1525 and co-reigned with her husband Huayna Capac, the Emperor of Inca Empire. As all the kings and queens of Quito, she is only mentioned by de Velasco. She was also a consort of the Inca Empire by marriage to the Sapa Inca Huayna Capac. She has been pointed out as the mother of Atahualpa.

Auqui was the title held by the crown prince in the Inca Empire or Tahuantinsuyu. In a generic way, all the male children of the Inca were called auquis; however, the specific title was applicable only to one of them, whose choice was based on criteria different from those of the Eastern world because his capacity was taken into account, rather than his status as first-born or legitimate son.

Capac Yupanqui, was the brother of the Inca emperor Pachacuti and an Inca general.

Apu Mayta, also called Apo Maita, was an Inca general. He commanded the army under the Inca emperors Yawar Waqaq, Viracocha Inca and Pachacuti.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Colla-Inca war</span>

The Colla-Inca war was a military conflict fought between the Inca Empire and the Colla Kingdom between 1445 and 1450. It is one of the first wars of conquest led by Pachacuti.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Inca-Chanka war</span>

The Inca-Chanka war was a military conflict fought between Cusco and the Chanka chiefdom around 1438. It is the final conflict between these two people.

References

  1. 1 2 3 Métraux, Alfred. Les Incas. Éditions du Seuil. p. 73.
  2. 1 2 Rostworowski, María (2008). Le Grand Inca Pachacútec Inca Yupanqui (in French). Translated by Duran, Simon. Tallandier. p. 211. ISBN   978-2-84734-462-2.
  3. 1 2 3 de Gamboa, Pedro Sarmiento. History of the Incas. Translated by Markham, Clements. Cambridge: Parentheses Publications Peruvian Series. pp. 106–108.
  4. ↑ Valcárcel, Luis Eduardo. Del ayllu al imperio. p. 138.
  5. 1 2 Del Busto Duthruburu, José Antonio (2000). Una Cronología approximate del Tahuantinsuyo[An approximate chronology of Tanhuantinsuyo] (in Spanish). Lima: Pontifical Catholic University of Peru. p. 18. ISBN   9789972423505.
  6. 1 2 Favre, Henri (2020). Les Incas. Presses Universitaires de France. p. 22. ISBN   978-2-7154-0360-4.
  7. ↑ Mannion, Sean (May 31, 2014). "Las sucesiones en el imperio de los incas". Hispanic American Historical Review .
  8. 1 2 Rostworowski, María (2008). Le Grand Inca Pachacútec Inca Yupanqui (in French). Translated by Duran, Simon. Tallandier. ISBN   978-2-84734-462-2.
  9. ↑ Martinengui Suárez, Elías (1980). El imperio de los Incas: Causas de su destrucción. Big Print. p. 84.
  10. ↑ Temoche Cortez, Particia (2010). Breve historia de los incas. Ediciones Nowtilus. p. 138. ISBN   9788497634434.
  11. ↑ Rostworowski, María (2008). Le Grand Inca Pachacútec Inca Yupanqui. Paris: Tallandier. pp. 152–153. ISBN   978-2-84734-462-2.
  12. 1 2 de León, Pedro Cieza. El Señorio de los Incas (in Spanish).
  13. ↑ Gumucio, Mariano Babtista (1981). Historia de Bolivia: para lectores de 9 a 90 años. Empressa Editora.
  14. ↑ Julio R. Villanueva Sotomayor. Pachacútec El Gran Organizador del Tahuantinsuyu (in Spanish).
  15. ↑ de la Vega, Garcilaso. Royal Commentaries of the Incas and General History of Peru (in Spanish). Translated by Livemore, Harold V. University of Texas Press.
  16. ↑ de las Casas, Bartolomé. Historia de las Indias (in Spanish).
  17. ↑ Pachacuti Yamqui Salcamayhua, Santa Cruz. Relación de las antigüedades deste Reyno del Perú (in Spanish).
This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.