The International Labour Organization (ILO) is a United Nations agency whose mandate is to advance social and economic justice by setting international labour standards. Founded in October 1919 under the League of Nations, it is the first and oldest specialised agency of the UN. The ILO has 187 member states: 186 out of 193 UN member states plus the Cook Islands. It is headquartered in Geneva, Switzerland, with around 40 field offices around the world, and employs some 3,381 staff across 107 nations, of whom 1,698 work in technical cooperation programmes and projects.
Lucila Godoy Alcayaga, known by her pseudonym Gabriela Mistral, was a Chilean poet-diplomat, educator and humanist. In 1945 she became the first Latin American author to receive a Nobel Prize in Literature, "for her lyric poetry which, inspired by powerful emotions, has made her name a symbol of the idealistic aspirations of the entire Latin American world". Some central themes in her poems are nature, betrayal, love, a mother's love, sorrow and recovery, travel, and Latin American identity as formed from a mixture of Native American and European influences. Her portrait also appears on the 5,000 Chilean peso bank note.
Temuco is a city and commune, capital of the Cautín Province and of the Araucanía Region in southern Chile. The city is located 670 kilometres south of Santiago. The city grew out from a fort of the same name established in 1881 during Chile's invasion of Araucanía. Temuco lies in the middle of the historic Araucanía, a traditional land of the indigenous Mapuche.
Beatriz Patricia Ximena Allende Bussi was a Chilean Socialist politician, revolutionary and surgeon. She was the daughter of former president of Chile Salvador Allende and his wife, Hortensia Bussi.
Luciano Kulczewski was a Chilean architect of the 20th century.
Antonio Acevedo Hernández was a Chilean writer. Hernández was a self-taught novelist, playwright and writer whose works include theater, novels, short stories, literary and journalistic chronicles, essays, poetry and popular Chilean folklore. He created over 840 works, including the plays Almas perdidas,El Vino triste,La Sangre, and El Rancho. He was awarded the Premio Nacional de Teatro in 1936. His work, along with that of authors like Germán Luco Cruchaga and Armando Moock, marked the beginnings of Chilean dramaturgy.
Adriana Margarita Olguín Büche was a Chilean lawyer and politician. She was the Minister of Justice during the rule of Gabriel González Videla, making Olguín the first female minister of Chile.
Adriana Elisabeth Hoffmann Jacoby was a Chilean botanist, environmentalist and author. She was executive secretary of Chile's National Environment Commission from 2000 to 2001. She advocated for the sustainable management and protection of Chilean forests, leading opposition to illegal logging in her role as coordinator of Defensores del Bosque Chileno since 1992.
Elena Caffarena Morice was a Chilean lawyer, jurist and politician. Contemporary historians and humanists consider her to be one of the most important 20th-century public figures in Chile.
The First International Congress of Working Women (ICWW), convened by the Women's Trade Union League of America from October 28 to November 6, 1919, was a meeting of labor feminists from around the world. The ICWW planned to share their proposals for addressing women's labor concerns at the First International Labor Conference (ILC) of 1919. ICWW delegates agreed upon a list of resolutions, some of which were taken up by the ILC's Commission on the Employment of Women and resulted in the passage of the Maternity Protection Convention, 1919.
Delia Ducoing, better known as Delia Ducoing de Arrate or Isabel Morel (1885-?), was a Chilean writer, journalist, editor and feminist activist. She was best known for her work on behalf of women's rights in the political, social and civil sphere in Chile since 1914. On October 26, 1927, she founded the Women's Union of Chile in the city of Valparaíso with Gabriela Mandujano and Aurora Argomedo, assuming its presidency on May 6, 1928. As a writer, one of her best known works is the book Charlas femeninas (1930), one of the first publications which systematized feminist thought in Chile. She also wrote and edited the magazine Nosotras in the early 1930s.
Graciela Mandujano (1902–1984) was a Chilean politician and feminist. She was the Chilean official delegate to the Pan-American Conference of Women (1922).
Feminism in Chile has its own liberation language and activist strategies for rights that is shaped by the political, economic, and social system of Chile. Beginning in the 19th century, Chilean women have been organizing with aspirations of asserting their political rights. These aspirations have had to work against the reality that Chile is one of the most socially conservative countries in Latin America. The Círculo de Estudios de la Mujer is one example of a pioneering women's organization during the Pinochet dictatorship (1973–1989) which redefined women's responsibilities and rights, linking “mothers’ rights” to women's rights and women's civil liberties. The founding members of the Círculo de Estudios de La Mujer consisted of a small group of Santiago feminists who were from the Academia de Humanismo Cristiano. These women gathered "to discuss the situation of women in Chile," their first meeting drew a crowd of over 300 participants and from there challenged the authoritarian life in Santiago. These women helped shape the rights for women in Chile.
Zohreh Tabatabai is an Iranian diplomat and international business coordinator. She served in the United Nations as chief of the "Focal Point for women for the United Nations system" and in the International Labour Organization (ILO) in Geneva as a senior member of the Director's Cabinet and as the Director of Communications. After her ILO assignment, Tabatabai established Quince Partners, an enterprise dealing with communications and public relations.
Haydée Martínez de Osorio is a Venezuelan United Nations official and a former Chairman of UNICEF (1983–1984). She was Director-General of the National Institute for Children in Venezuela and was formerly the UNICEF Area Representative for Argentina, Chile and Uruguay.
José Victorino Lastarria was a Chilean writer, legislative deputy, senator, diplomat, and finance minister.
Rosario Ortiz, also known by the nickname La Monche, was a Chilean political activist who supported the Revolution of 1859, led by General José María de la Cruz against President Manuel Montt.
Sofía Sara Hübner Bezanilla, also known as Sara Hübner de Fresno and by her literary pseudonym Magda Sudermann, was a Chilean feminist writer, journalist, and editor.
María Teresa del Canto Molina was a Chilean teacher and politician. She was the country's second woman to become a minister of state, after Adriana Olguín. She also served as mayor of Santiago from 1953 to 1957.
