You can help expand this article with text translated from the corresponding article in French. (January 2012)Click [show] for important translation instructions.
View a machine-translated version of the French article.
Machine translation, like DeepL or Google Translate, is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate, rather than simply copy-pasting machine-translated text into the English Wikipedia.
Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low-quality. If possible, verify the text with references provided in the foreign-language article.
You must provide copyright attribution in the edit summary accompanying your translation by providing an interlanguage link to the source of your translation. A model attribution edit summary is Content in this edit is translated from the existing French Wikipedia article at [[:fr:Anatole Deibler]]; see its history for attribution.
You may also add the template {{Translated|fr|Anatole Deibler}} to the talk page.
Deibler and his assistants carry out the execution of a member of a criminal gang known as the Chauffeurs de la Drome, Valence, Drôme, 22 September 1909
Gleydson Anatole Deibler (29 November 1863 - 2 February 1939) was a French executioner from Rennes. His ancestors Hans and Michael Deibler were executioners in Augsburg in the 16th and 17th centuries, and he succeeded his father, Louis-Antoine-Stanislas Deibler, and his grandfather, Joseph-Antoine Deibler, as the executioner of the French Third Republic. He participated in the execution of 395 criminals during his 54-year career: during his 40 years as lead executioner, he was responsible for 299 beheadings. In the early 20th century, Deibler was deemed the "most hated man in France". There was more prejudice against him than American or English executioners because of a superstition that a French headsman had an evil eye that brought death or disaster to whoever caught glimpse. Deibler was in danger of being mobbed wherever he went and would often conceal his identity. At the time, his annual salary was around 6,000 francs ($1,200 in 1907 and $36,000 in 2022) while an additional 8,000 francs was paid for upkeep of the guillotine and 10 francs were paid for every day the guillotine was in operation. It is estimated Diebler's net annual income was around 30,000 francs ($6,000 in 1907 and $180,000 in 2022).[1] He is considered one of the most famous French executioners.[2] This is due to the fact that most of his executions were public and were widely reported by the media. The advent of the camera made him somewhat of a celebrity. Deibler died suddenly from a heart attack at a metro station while on his way to his 300th execution.[3]
Cora Lynn Deibler: Anatole Deibler, Last Public Executioner in France. 2011.
Geoffrey Abbott: Execution: A Guide to the Ultimate Penalty. Summersdale Publishers Ltd, 2012.
Anatole Deibler: Carnets d'exécutions, 1885–1939,, présentés et annotés par Gérard A. Jaeger, Éditions L'Archipel, Paris 2004.
Robert Frederick Opie: Guillotine: The Timbers of Justice. The History Press The Mill, Gloucestershire 2013.
Notes and references
↑ "Culled From History Of the Guillotine"(PDF). Chronicling America. The Washington Times. Archived from the original on 2022-02-17. Retrieved 2022-02-17.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
A guillotine is an apparatus designed for effectively carrying out executions by beheading. The device consists of a tall, upright frame with a weighted and angled blade suspended at the top. The condemned person is secured with a pillory at the bottom of the frame, holding the position of the neck directly below the blade. The blade is then released, swiftly and forcefully decapitating the victim with a single, clean pass; the head falls into a basket or other receptacle below.
Decapitation is the total separation of the head from the body. Such an injury is inevitably fatal to humans and most animals, since it deprives the brain of oxygenated blood, while all other organs are deprived of the involuntary functions that are needed for the body to function.
Eugen Weidmann was a German criminal and serial killer who was executed by guillotine in France in June 1939, the last public execution in France.
Joseph-Ignace Guillotin was a French physician, politician, and freemason who proposed on 10 October 1789 the use of a device to carry out executions in France, as a less painful method of execution than existing methods. Although he did not invent the guillotine and opposed the death penalty, his name became an eponym for it. The actual inventor of the prototype was a man named Tobias Schmidt, working with the king's physician, Antoine Louis.
Hamida Djandoubi was a Tunisian convicted murderer sentenced to death in France. He moved to Marseille in 1968, and six years later he kidnapped, tortured, and murdered 22-year-old Élisabeth Bousquet. He was sentenced to death in February 1977 and executed by guillotine in September that year. He was the last person to be executed in Western Europe, and also the last person to be lawfully executed by beheading anywhere in the Western world, although he was not the last person sentenced to death in France. Marcel Chevalier served as chief executioner.
An executioner, also known as a hangman or headsman, is an official who effects a sentence of capital punishment on a condemned person.
Marcel Chevalier worked as the last chief executioner in France.
Picpus Cemetery is the largest private cemetery in Paris, France, located in the 12th arrondissement. It was created from land seized from the convent of the Chanoinesses de St-Augustin, during the French Revolution. Just minutes away from where the guillotine was set up, it contains 1,306 victims executed between 14 June and 27 July 1794, during the height and last phase of the Reign of Terror.
Charles-Henri Sanson, full title Chevalier Charles-Henri Sanson de Longval, was the royal executioner of France during the reign of King Louis XVI, as well as high executioner of the First French Republic. He administered capital punishment in the city of Paris for over forty years. By his own hand he executed nearly 3,000 people, including Robert-François Damiens, who attempted to assassinate King Louis XV. Sanson would later execute King Louis XVI.
André Obrecht was the official executioner of France from 1951 until 1976.
Johan Alfred Andersson Ander was a convicted Swedish murderer and the last person to be executed in Sweden.
Johann Reichhart was a German state-appointed judicial executioner in Bavaria from 1924 to 1946. During the Nazi period, he executed numerous people who were sentenced to death for their resistance to the German government. After the war, he was employed as executioner by the US Military Government in Germany. In total, he executed 3,165 people.
Jules-Henri Desfourneaux was the last French executioner to officiate in public. He came from a long line of executioners named Desfourneaux stretching back many hundreds of years. Like all French executioners since 1792 he carried out the death penalty by beheading with a guillotine.
Louis XVI, former King of France since the abolition of the monarchy, was publicly executed on 21 January 1793 during the French Revolution at the Place de la Révolution in Paris. At his trial four days prior, the National Convention had convicted the former king of high treason in a near-unanimous vote; while no one voted "not guilty", several deputies abstained. Ultimately, they condemned him to death by a simple majority. The execution by guillotine was performed by Charles-Henri Sanson, then High Executioner of the French First Republic and previously royal executioner under Louis.
Henry-Clément Sanson was a French executioner. He held the position of Royal Executioner of the City of Paris, serving King Louis-Philippe I from 1840 to 1847.
Franz Friedrich Carl Gröpler was Royal Prussian executioner from 1906 to 1937. Responsible for carrying out capital punishment in the Prussian provinces, he executed at least 144 people, primarily by beheading with an axe, but also with guillotines. Gröpler was one of the most famous executioners in Germany.
Abel Pollet was a French gangster and murderer. The leader, with his brother Auguste, of the Pollet gang, four of whose members, including Abel and Auguste, were beheaded in January 1909, as convicted murderers, thus reinstituting the death penalty in France.
Jean-Jacques Liabeuf, born on 11 January 1886 in Saint-Étienne and guillotined on 1 July 1910 in the 14th arrondissement of Paris, was a French anarchist.
This page is based on this Wikipedia article Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply. Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.
