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The Communist Party of Greece is a Marxist–Leninist political party in Greece. Founded in 1918 as the Socialist Labour Party of Greece and adopted its current name in November 1924. It is the oldest political party in modern Greek politics. The party was banned in 1936, but played a significant role in the Greek resistance and the Greek Civil War, and its membership peaked in the mid-1940s. Legalization of the KKE was restored following the fall of the Greek military junta of 1967–1974.
Manolis Glezos was a Greek left-wing politician, journalist, author, and folk hero, best known for his participation in the World War II resistance.
The Popular Association – Golden Dawn, usually shortened to Golden Dawn, is a far-right neo-Nazi political party and ultranationalist criminal organization in Greece. Golden Dawn rose to prominence during Greece's financial crisis of 2009, becoming the third most popular party in the Greek parliament in the January 2015 election. Its support has since plunged, and it failed to enter parliament in the 2019 election. The criminal trial against the leaders, frequently described as the largest Nazi trial since the Nuremberg trials, lasted more than five years.
Villa Amalia is the name of the building that hosted the former Second High School of Athens in Greece. It is located on the corner of Acharnon and Heiden streets, near Victoria metro station. It was an anarchist squat before its eviction in 2012. It reopened as a school in 2016.
Human rights in Greece are observed by various organizations. The country is a signatory to the European Convention on Human Rights, the Geneva Convention relating to the Status of Refugees and the United Nations Convention Against Torture. The Greek constitution also guarantees fundamental human rights to all Greek citizens.
Anarchism in Greece traces its roots to ancient Greece but was formed as a political movement during the 19th century. It was in the ancient era that the first libertarian thoughts appeared when philosophers based on rationality questioned the fundamentals of tradition. Modern anarchism in Greece emerged in the 19th century, heavily influenced by the contemporary European classical anarchism. Because of the Bolshevik success in the Russian Revolution of 1917 and the rise of the Communist Party, anarchism faded after the first decades of the 20th century. The collapse of the military junta put an end to the monopoly of the political power from the Right, whereas the dissolution of the Soviet Union diminished the allure of the Communist Party of Greece allowing anarchist groups to gain pace in Athens and other cities.
The Hellenic Police is the national police service and one of the three security forces of the Hellenic Republic. It is a large agency with responsibilities ranging from road traffic control to counter-terrorism. Police Lieutenant General Lazaros Mavropoulos currently serves as Chief of the Hellenic Police. He replaced Konstantinos Skoumas. The Hellenic Police force was established in 1984 under Law 1481/1-10-1984 as the result of the fusion of the Gendarmerie and the Cities Police forces.
Exarcheia is a community in central Athens, Greece close to the historical building of the National Technical University of Athens. Exarcheia took its name from a 19th century businessman named Exarchos who opened a large general store there. Exarcheia is bordered on the east by Kolonaki and is framed by Patission Street, Panepistimiou Street and Alexandras Avenue. Exarcheia is notorious for being Athens' historical core of radical political and intellectual activism. Exarcheia is often considered the anarchist quarter of Athens, known for its radical democracy.
The Dekemvriana refers to a series of clashes fought during World War II in Athens from 3 December 1944 to 11 January 1945. The conflict was the culmination of months of tension between the communist EAM, some parts of its military wing, the ELAS stationed in Athens, the KKE and the OPLA from one side and from the other side, the Greek Government, some parts of the Hellenic Royal Army, the Hellenic Gendarmerie, the Cities Police, the far-right Organization X, among others and also the British Army.
The 2008 Greek riots started on 6 December 2008, when Alexandros Grigoropoulos, a 15-year-old Greek student, was killed by a special officer in Exarcheia district of central Athens. The killing of the young student by police resulted in large protests and demonstrations, which escalated to widespread rioting, with numerous rioters damaging property and engaging riot police with Molotov cocktails, stones and other objects. Demonstrations and rioting soon spread to several other cities, including Thessaloniki, the country's second-largest city, and international cities in solidarity. Newspaper Kathimerini called the rioting "the worst Greece has seen since the restoration of democracy in 1974".
The Athens Polytechnic uprising occurred in November 1973 as a massive student demonstration of popular rejection of the Greek military junta of 1967–1974. It began on 14 November 1973, escalated to an open anti-junta revolt, and ended in bloodshed in the early morning of 17 November after a series of events starting with a tank crashing through the gates of the Athens Polytechnic.
Greek Unity is a minor Greek nationalist political party.
The Greek Civil War took place from 1946 to 1949. The conflict, which erupted shortly after the end of World War II, consisted of a Communist-dominated uprising against the established government of the Kingdom of Greece. The opposition declared a people's republic, the Provisional Democratic Government of Greece, which was governed by the Communist Party of Greece (KKE) and its military branch, the Democratic Army of Greece (DSE). The rebels were supported by Yugoslavia and the Soviet Union. With the support of the United Kingdom and United States, the Greek government forces ultimately prevailed.
The anti-austerity movement in Greece involved a series of demonstrations and general strikes that took place across the country. The events, which began on 5 May 2010, were provoked by plans to cut public spending and raise taxes as austerity measures in exchange for a €110 billion bail-out, aimed at solving the Greek government-debt crisis. Three people were killed on 5 May in one of the largest demonstrations in Greece since 1973.
Events in the year 2021 in Greece.
The 2021 Greek protests broke out in response to a proposed government bill that would allow police presence on university campuses for the first time in decades, for which opposition groups accused the government of taking advantage of the COVID-19 lockdown to impose increasingly authoritarian measures. Protests intensified in response to the hunger strike of the prisoner Dimitris Koufontinas, a former member of terrorist organization 17N, who had started the strike in December, demanding his transfer to a different prison after he had been forcibly relocated to a maximum-security facility in central Greece, as well as issues relating to police brutality and specifically the DELTA Force motorcycle police.
Nikos Temponeras was a high school mathematics teacher, and a member of the left-wing Labour Antimilitaristic Front (EAM). Temponeras was murdered in Patras during the student protests of 1990–1991 by Giannis Kalampokas, a municipal councillor and president of the local New Democracy branch.
The 1990–1991 student protests in Greece were carried out against an education-related bill proposed by the New Democracy-led Greek government. The protests were accompanied by school occupations, and the students were subjected to violent attacks from the Hellenic Police and organizations aligned with New Democracy. Five people were killed during the demonstrations; mathematics teacher and left-wing activist Nikos Temponeras was assassinated during an attack by members of the Youth Organisation of New Democracy (ONNED) in Patras in January 1991, and, two days later, another four people died in a fire caused by a tear gas agent fired by the police in Athens.
The arson of a branch of the Marfin-Egnatia bank in Athens took place on May 5, 2010 during anti-austerity demonstrations. A group of unidentified perpetrators threw molotov cocktails to the bank while 25-30 clerks where inside. Most of the employees managed to escape from the building or they were rescued by firefighters. However 3 people were trapped inside the building and died from asphyxia. In 2013, bank officials were convicted for the negligent homicide of three employees, the bodily harm of another 21 employees, and multiple failures in fire safety measures and staff training.
After the collision of two trains near Tempi, Greece on 28 February 2023, protests broke out across Greece. Millions of people participated in vigils, protests, or riots in response to the perceived lack of safety measures. Railway unions declared strikes in protest of Greece's government failing to modernize the rail system. The protests are some of the largest in Greek history, comparable in size to those that took place in 2011 during the height of the Greek financial crisis.
References
- 1 2 Epochi, rizospastis gr | Synchroni (2000-11-16). "rizospastis.gr - ΑΛΛΑ ΣΗΜΑΝΤΙΚΑ ΓΕΓΟΝΟΤΑ ΣΤΙΣ 16 ΤΟΥ ΝΟΕΜΒΡΗ". ΡΙΖΟΣΠΑΣΤΗΣ. Retrieved 2022-10-06.
- 1 2 tvxs.gr (2021-11-16). "Ι.Κουμής - Σ.Κανελλοπούλου: Οι ξεχασμένοι νεκροί της αστυνομικής βίας". TVXS - TV Χωρίς Σύνορα (in Greek). Retrieved 2022-10-06.
- 1 2 "Αφιέρωμα στη Σταματίνα Κανελλοπούλου και τον Ιάκωβο Κουμή, θύματα των ΜΑΤ | LiFO". www.lifo.gr (in Greek). 2015-11-17. Retrieved 2022-10-06.
- ↑ "Κανείς δεν ξεχνά τα θύματα της αστυνομικής βίας". Η Εφημερίδα των Συντακτών (in Greek). Retrieved 2022-10-06.