Banksia goodii

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Good's banksia
Banksia goodii.jpg
Banksia goodii in Albany
Scientific classification Red Pencil Icon.png
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Order: Proteales
Family: Proteaceae
Genus: Banksia
Subgenus: Banksia subg. Banksia
Section: Banksia sect. Banksia
Series: Banksia ser. Prostratae
Species:
B. goodii
Binomial name
Banksia goodii
Synonyms [2]

Banksia goodii, commonly known as Good's banksia, [3] is a species of prostrate shrub that is endemic to a small area in the south-west of Western Australia. It has densely hairy stems, wavy, oblong to egg-shaped leaves with irregularly serrated margins, rusty-brown flowers and hairy fruit. It grows in low forest and woodland near Albany and is listed as "endangered".

Contents

Description

Good's banksia grows as a low shrub, either prostrate or with stems up to 20 cm (7.9 in) high, and forms a lignotuber. The stems and leaves are densely hairy and new growth is a striking purple colour. The leaves are dark green with a prominent yellow midrib and are held erect. They are wavy, oblong to egg-shaped with the narrower end towards the base, coarsely and irregularly serrated along their edges. The flower spikes are 80–150 mm (3.1–5.9 in) long with prominent, hairy involucral bracts at the base of the head. The flowers are rusty brown with cream-coloured styles. The perianth is 24–26 mm (0.94–1.02 in) long and the pistil 29–31 mm (1.1–1.2 in) long and gently curved. Flowering occurs in May and November and the follicles are elliptical, 25–32 mm (0.98–1.26 in) long, 10–15 mm (0.39–0.59 in) high and 10–12 mm (0.39–0.47 in) wide and densely hairy. The old spikes have a hairy appearance due to retention of old withered flower parts. Some spikes produce no follicles but sometimes up to fifteen are formed. [3] [4] [5] [6] [7]

Taxonomy and naming

Banksia goodii was first formally described in 1830 by Robert Brown in the Supplementum primum Prodromi florae Novae Hollandiae from specimens collected by William Baxter near King George's Sound in 1829. [8] [9] The specific epithet (goodii) honours Peter Good, gardener assistant to Robert Brown. [10]

In 1891, Otto Kuntze, in his Revisio Generum Plantarum , rejected the generic name Banksia L.f., on the grounds that the name Banksia had previously been published in 1776 as Banksia J.R.Forst & G.Forst, referring to the genus now known as Pimelea . Kuntze proposed Sirmuellera as an alternative, referring to this species as Sirmuellera goodii. [11] This application of the principle of priority was largely ignored by Kuntze's contemporaries, [12] and Banksia L.f. was formally conserved and Sirmuellera rejected in 1940. [13]

Distribution and habitat

Good's banksia occurs on shallow white or grey sand over laterite, in low forest and woodland in southwest Western Australia between Albany and the Porongorup Range. The distribution was probably greater before much of the surrounding land was cleared for agriculture.

Conservation status

There are seventeen known populations of this banksia, ranging in size from 10 to 300 plants for a total of around 1000. It is listed as "vulnerable" under the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 and as "Threatened Flora (Declared Rare Flora — Extant)" by the Department of Environment and Conservation (Western Australia). [3] [14] The main threats to the species include inappropriate fire regimes, road maintenance and land clearing. [7]

The IUCN listed the species as "Endangered". Their justification was that "there is suspected to have been at least a 50% loss of the population through land conversion over the past three generations (300 years in total); it seems plausible that there will be a minor loss (perhaps 10%) of remaining populations in the next 100 years; in view of this, there will have been a loss of over 50% of the population over a three generation period. The species is probably not severely fragmented, and occurs at fewer than ten but more than five threat-defined locations. There may be as few as 1,500 individuals remaining". [1]

Use in horticulture

Seeds do not require any treatment, and take 19 to 56 days to germinate. [15]

Related Research Articles

<i>Banksia grandis</i> Species of tree in Western Australia

Banksia grandis, commonly known as bull banksia or giant banksia, is a species of common and distinctive tree in the south-west of Western Australia. The Noongar peoples know the tree as beera, biara, boongura, gwangia, pira or peera. It has a fire-resistant main stem with thick bark, pinnatisect leaves with triangular side-lobes, pale yellow flowers and elliptical follicles in a large cone.

<i>Banksia brownii</i> Species of shrub in the family Proteaceae found in southwest Western Australia

Banksia brownii, commonly known as feather-leaved banksia or Brown's banksia, is a species of shrub that grows in southwest Western Australia. A plant with fine feathery leaves and large red-brown flower spikes, it usually grows as an upright bush around two metres (7 ft) high, but can also occur as a small tree or a low spreading shrub. First collected in 1829 and published the following year, it is placed in Banksiasubgenus Banksia, section Oncostylis, series Spicigerae. There are two genetically distinct forms.

<i>Banksia baueri</i> Species of shrub in the family Proteaceae native to Western Australia

Banksia baueri, commonly known as the woolly banksia, is a species of shrub that is endemic to the southwest of Western Australia. It has serrated leaves and a distinctively large and hairy looking inflorescence with cream, yellow or brown flowers, and hairy fruit.

<i>Banksia baxteri</i> Species of shrub in the family Proteaceae native to Western Australia

Banksia baxteri, commonly known as Baxter's banksia or bird's nest banksia, is a species of shrub that is endemic to Western Australia. It has greyish brown bark, hairy stems, deeply serrated leaves with triangular lobes and lemon-yellow flowers in an oval flower spike that grows on the end of branches.

<i>Banksia caleyi</i> Australian species of shrub, the red lantern banksia

Banksia caleyi, commonly known as Caley's banksia or red lantern banksia, is a species of woody shrub of the family Proteaceae native to Western Australia. It generally grows as a dense shrub up to 2 m (7 ft) tall, has serrated leaves and red, pendent (hanging) inflorescences which are generally hidden in the foliage. First described by Scottish naturalist Robert Brown in 1830, Banksia caleyi was named in honour of the English botanist George Caley. No subspecies are recognised. It is one of three or four related species with hanging inflorescences, which is an unusual feature within the genus.

<i>Banksia candolleana</i> Species of shrub in thefamily Proteaceae endemic to Western Australia

Banksia candolleana, commonly known as the propeller banksia, is a species of shrub that is endemic to Western Australia. It has shiny green, deeply serrated leaves with triangular lobes and spikes of golden yellow flowers on short side branches.

<i>Banksia dryandroides</i> Species of shrub in the family Proteaceae from the south coast of Western Australia

Banksia dryandroides, the dryandra-leaved banksia, is a species of small shrub in the plant genus Banksia. The Noongar peoples know the tree as manyat. It occurs in shrubland, woodland and kwongan on the south coast of Western Australia between Narrikup and Beaufort Inlet. The species is placed alone in series B. ser. Dryandroideae.

<i>Banksia elegans</i> Species of shrub in the family Proteaceae endemic to Western Australia

Banksia elegans, commonly known as the elegant banksia, is a species of woody shrub that is endemic to a relatively small area of Western Australia. Reaching 4 m (13 ft) high, it is a suckering shrub that rarely reproduces by seed. The round to oval yellow flower spikes appear in spring and summer. Swiss botanist Carl Meissner described Banksia elegans in 1856. It is most closely related to the three species in the subgenus Isostylis.

<i>Banksia laevigata</i> Species of shrub in the family Proteaceae endemic to Western Australia

Banksia laevigata, commonly known as the tennis ball banksia, is a species of shrub that is endemic to Western Australia. It has serrated, broadly linear to narrow wedge-shaped leaves, yellow or yellowish green flowers, depending on subspecies, and linear to elliptic follicles with a slightly wrinkled surface.

<i>Banksia littoralis</i> Species of tree in the family Proteaceae endemic to the south-west of Western Australia

Banksia littoralis, commonly known as the swamp banksia, swamp oak, river banksia or seaside banksia and the western swamp banksia, is a species of tree that is endemic to the south-west of Western Australia. The Noongar peoples know the plant as pungura, boongura or gwangia. It has rough, crumbly bark, linear, more or less serrated leaves arranged in whorls, yellow flowers and up to two hundred follicles in each head.

<i>Banksia media</i> Species of shrub in the family Proteaceae native to Western Australia

Banksia media, the southern plains banksia or golden stalk banksia, is a species of flowering plant in the family Proteaceae. An evergreen shrub, it occurs on the south coast of Western Australia between Albany and Israelite Bay, where it is a common plant. A many-branched bush with wedge-shaped serrated leaves and large golden-yellow flower spikes, known as inflorescences, it grows up to 10 metres (30 ft) high.

<i>Banksia meisneri</i> Species of shrub in the family Proteaceae endemic to the south-west of Western Australia

Banksia meisneri, commonly known as Meisner's banksia, is a shrub that is endemic to a small area in the south-west of Western Australia. It has crowded, more or less linear leaves and in winter and spring, spikes of golden brown flowers followed by furry fruit which usually only open after fire.

<i>Banksia victoriae</i> Species of shrub or tree in the family Proteaceae endemic to Western Australia

Banksia victoriae, commonly known as Woolly Orange Banksia, is a species of large shrub or small tree in the plant genus Banksia. It occurs in Western Australia between Northampton, Western Australia and Kalbarri, with the occasional plant further north as far as Zuytdorp Nature Reserve.

<i>Banksia arctotidis</i> Species of shrub in the family Proteaceae endemic to the southwest of Western Australia

Banksia arctotidis is a species of prostrate shrub that is endemic to the southwest of Western Australia. It has leaves that are pinnately divided to the midrib, cream-coloured flowers and hairy, egg-shaped fruit.

Banksia biterax is a species of dense shrub that is endemic to Western Australia. It has hairy stems, deeply serrated leaves and spikes of up to 200 pale to dark brown flowers.

Banksia concinna is a species of shrub that is endemic to Western Australia. It has elliptical leaves with between five and twenty triangular teeth on each side, hairy heads of yellow flowers and hairy, egg-shaped fruit.

<i>Banksia spinulosa <span style="font-style:normal;">var.</span> collina</i> Variety of shrub in the family Proteaceae from the east coast of Australia

Banksia spinulosa var. collina is a shrub that grows along the east coast of Australia, in Queensland and New South Wales. Commonly known as Hill Banksia or Golden Candlesticks, it is a taxonomic variety of B. spinulosa. It is a popular garden plant widely sold in nurseries.

<i>Hakea cristata</i> Species of shrub in the family Proteaceae found in south west Western Australia

Hakea cristata, commonly known as the snail hakea, is a shrub in the family Proteaceae native to Western Australia. An ornamental prickly shrub with attractive foliage and creamy white rounded flowers appearing in profusion in the winter months.

<i>Persoonia saccata</i> Species of flowering plant

Persoonia saccata, commonly known as snottygobble, and cadgeegurrup in indigenous language, is a plant in the family Proteaceae and is endemic to the south-west of Western Australia. It is usually an erect shrub and has linear leaves and groups of up to fifty or more irregularly shaped, yellow flowers which are hairy on the outside. It usually grows in woodland dominated by jarrah, marri or large Banksia species.

Grevillea cunninghamii is a species of flowering plant in the family Proteaceae and is endemic to the north of Western Australia. It is a shrub with egg-shaped leaves with sharply-pointed teeth on the edges, and clusters of red flowers.

References

  1. 1 2 Barrett, S.; Atkins, K.; Keith, D. (2020). "Banksia goodii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020: e.T112525387A113306571. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T112525387A113306571.en . Retrieved 19 November 2021.
  2. 1 2 "Banksia goodii". Australian Plant Census. Retrieved 1 May 2020.
  3. 1 2 3 "Banksia goodii". FloraBase . Western Australian Government Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions.
  4. George, Alex S. (1999). Flora of Australia (PDF). Vol. 17B. Canberra: Australian Biological Resources Study, Canberra. p. 207. Retrieved 1 May 2020.
  5. George, Alex S. (1996). The Banksia Book (3rd ed.). Kenthurst, New South Wales: Kangaroo Press. pp. 154–155. ISBN   0-86417-818-2.
  6. George, Alex S. (1981). "The Genus Banksia L.f. (Proteaceae)". Nuytsia. 3 (3): 368–369. Retrieved 1 May 2020.
  7. 1 2 "Approved Conservation Advice for Banksia goodii (Good's Banksia)" (PDF). Australian Government Department of the Environment. Retrieved 1 May 2020.
  8. "Banksia goodii". APNI. Retrieved 1 May 2020.
  9. Brown, Robert (1830). Supplementum primum prodromi florae Novae Hollandiae. London: Typis R. Taylor. p. 36. Retrieved 1 May 2020.
  10. Francis Aubie Sharr (2019). Western Australian Plant Names and their Meanings. Kardinya, Western Australia: Four Gables Press. p. 209. ISBN   9780958034180.
  11. Kuntze, Otto (1891). Revisio generum plantarum. Vol. 2. Leipzig: Arthur Felix. pp. 581–582.
  12. Rehder, A.; Weatherby, C. A.; Mansfeld, R.; Green, M. L. (1935). "Conservation of Later Generic Homonyms". Bulletin of Miscellaneous Information (Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew). 1935 (6/9): 368. doi:10.2307/4107078. JSTOR   4107078.
  13. Sprague, T. A. (1940). "Additional Nomina Generica Conservanda (Pteridophyta and Phanerogamae)". Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. 1940 (3): 99. doi:10.2307/4111642. JSTOR   4111642.
  14. "Banksia goodii - SPRAT Profile". Australian Government Department of Agriculture, Water and the Environment. Retrieved 1 May 2020.
  15. Sweedman, Luke; Merritt, David, eds. (2006). Australian seeds: a guide to their collection, identification and biology. CSIRO Publishing. p. 203. ISBN   0-643-09298-6.