Miller v. California,413 U.S. 15 (1973),was a landmark decision of the U.S. Supreme Court modifying its definition of obscenity from that of "utterly without socially redeeming value" to that which lacks "serious literary,artistic,political,or scientific value". It is now referred to as the three-prong standard or the Miller test.
Luther Roderick Campbell,also known as Luke Skyywalker,Uncle Luke and simply Luke,is an American rapper,promoter,record executive,actor,and former leader of the rap group 2 Live Crew. He is known for having helped create the Miami bass genre,for establishing one of the first rap groups and rap labels in Southern hip hop,and his sexually crude call and response lyrics which were unique for the time period. He also starred in a short-lived show on VH1,Luke's Parental Advisory.
As Nasty as They Wanna Be is the third album by Miami bass group 2 Live Crew. It was released on February 7,1989 and became the group's largest seller,being certified platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America. In 1990,the United States District Court for the Southern District of Florida ruled that the album was legally obscene;this ruling was later overturned by the Eleventh Circuit. It is the first album in history to be deemed legally obscene.
Robert Martinez is an American retired politician who served as the 40th governor of Florida from 1987 to 1991. A member of the Republican Party,Martinez was the first person of Spanish descent to be elected governor of Florida.
Christopher Wong Won,better known by his stage name Fresh Kid Ice,was a Trinidadian-American rapper and a Miami bass pioneer. Wong Won was born and spent his early childhood in Port of Spain,Trinidad and Tobago,before emigrating to the United States. In his early twenties,Wong Won was in the United States Air Force and he co-founded 2 Live Crew while he was stationed in California. Early 2 Live Crew singles gained so much traction in Florida that they relocated there. By 1986,the group released the single "Throw The 'D'";it is now considered the blueprint of Miami bass.
Fush Yu Mang is the debut studio album by American rock band Smash Mouth,released on July 8,1997 by Interscope Records. It includes their first major hit,"Walkin' on the Sun",which was the last song to be added onto the album. The title of the album was taken from a line slurred by Al Pacino in Scarface. On the cover of the album is the band in guitarist Greg Camp's 1962 Ford Falcon Squire wagon flying through space with an outstretched arm giving the finger. The title is written in a stylized,pseudo-Asian font. The album also features a cover of War's "Why Can't We Be Friends?". The initial release was given a Parental Advisory label,while later releases were not. Fush Yu Mang has been certified double-platinum by the RIAA in the U.S. for sales in excess of 2 million.
"Me So Horny" is a song by the rap group 2 Live Crew on their album As Nasty as They Wanna Be. The explicit nature of the lyrics of this song and the album led to the initially successful prosecution of the group on obscenity charges and the album being banned from sale in Florida. This ban was overturned on appeal.
"Fuck tha Police" is a protest song by American hip hop group N.W.A that appears on the 1988 album Straight Outta Compton as well as on the N.W.A's Greatest Hits compilation. The lyrics protest police brutality and racial profiling and the song was ranked number 425 on Rolling Stone's 2004 list of the 500 Greatest Songs of All Time. In 2021,Rolling Stone re-ranked the song at number 190 in an updated list.
Sports Weekend (As Nasty as They Wanna Be Part II) is the fifth studio album by the 2 Live Crew,released in 1991. It is a sequel to As Nasty as They Wanna Be. A clean version was released later the same year titled Sports Weekend (As Clean as They Wanna Be Part II). It was the last studio album to include all of the original members of the 2 Live Crew.
"Fuck wit Dre Day (And Everybody's Celebratin')",or as a single titled "Dre Day",is a song by American rapper and record producer Dr. Dre featuring fellow American rapper Snoop Doggy Dogg,released in May 1993 as the second single from Dre's debut solo album,The Chronic. "Dre Day" was a diss track targeting mainly Dre's former groupmate Eazy-E,who led their onetime rap group N.W.A and who,along with N.W.A's manager Jerry Heller,owned N.W.A's record label,Ruthless Records. In "Dre Day" and in its music video,which accuse Eazy of cheating N.W.A's artists,Dre and Snoop degrade and menace him. Also included are disses retorting earlier disses on songs by Miami rapper Luke Campbell,by New York rapper Tim Dog,and by onetime N.W.A. member Ice Cube,although Dre,while still an N.W.A member,had helped diss Cube first. After "Dre Day," a number of further diss records were exchanged.
Nicholas G. Navarro was a Cuban-American businessman,born in Jaruco,Cuba,in 1929. He served as sheriff of Broward County,Florida,from 1985 to 1993.
David P. Hobbs,also known by his stage name Mr. Mixx,is a co-founder of the controversial rap group 2 Live Crew,along with being a scratch DJ and music producer of the group. In 1986,the group released the single "Throw The 'D'";it is now considered the blueprint of Miami bass.
The Luke LP,or Banned in the U.S.A.:The Luke LP is an alternate version of 2 Live Crew's Banned in the U.S.A. and was marketed as Luther Campbell's debut album,though there were only minor changes to the track listing,notably,remixes to "Banned in the U.S.A." and "Mama Juanita". It managed to make it to No. 21 on the Billboard 200 and No. 10 on the Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums chart.
An obscenity is any utterance or act that strongly offends the prevalent morality and social politics of the time. It is derived from the Latin obscēnus,obscaenus,"boding ill;disgusting;indecent",of uncertain etymology. Such loaded language can be used to indicate strong moral repugnance and outrage,vile,vigilance in conservation,or revenge. In expressions such as "obscene profits" and "the obscenity of war," ;misdirection. As a legal term,it usually refers to graphic depictions of people engaged in sexual and excretory activity,and related utterances of profanity,or the exploited child,human being or situation on display.
The New York Society for the Suppression of Vice was an institution dedicated to supervising the morality of the public,founded in 1873. Its specific mission was to monitor compliance with state laws and work with the courts and district attorneys in bringing offenders to justice. It and its members also pushed for additional laws against perceived immoral conduct. While the NYSSV is better remembered for its opposition to literary works,it also closely monitored the newsstands,commonly found on city sidewalks and in transportation terminals,which sold the popular newspapers and periodicals of the day.
Music censorship refers to the practice of editing musical works for various reasons,stemming from a wide variety of motivations,including moral,political,or religious reasons. Censorship can range from the complete government-enforced legal prohibition of a musical work,to private,voluntary removal of content when a musical work appears in a certain context.
"Banned in the U.S.A." is a song recorded by the American hip hop group 2 Live Crew. It was released in May 1990 as the lead single from their fourth album of the same name. "Banned in the U.S.A." was also released on the alternate version of the album,credited as Luke's debut solo album,titled The Luke LP. The song peaked at number 20 on the U.S. Billboard Hot 100 chart and is the group's highest-charting song on that chart. It also reached number-one on the U.S. Billboard Hot Rap Tracks chart.
Mark D. Ross,better known by his stage name Brother Marquis,is an American rapper and a Miami bass pioneer. Ross was born in Rochester,New York,in his teens,and with his mother,they moved to Los Angeles,California. By the early 1980s,Ross started to release music with his group The Cautious Crew,and shortly after he made an impression DJ and producer David Hobbs due to his battle rap abilities. At the time,Hobbs was part of a group named 2 Live Crew,who had just created the Miami Bass blueprint,and were successful in Florida. Eventually a member of the group left,and Ross accepted an invitation to replace him. Due to his comedic sensibilities,Ross integrated easily into the direction the group was taking. Alongside Hobbs,Christopher Wong Won,and Luther Campbell,they became the most well-known line up of the group. In 1986,they had a breakthrough with their Gold-certified debut album,The 2 Live Crew Is What We Are.
Section 294 of the Indian Penal Code lays down the punishment for obscene acts or words in public. The other sections of Indian Penal code which deal with obscenity are 292 and 293. The law does not clearly define what would constitute an obscene act,but it would enter the domain of the state only when it takes place in a public place to the annoyance of others. Temple art or nakedness of sadhus are traditionally outside the purview of this section.
2 Live Crew was an American hip hop group from Miami,Florida,which had its greatest commercial success from the late 1980s to the early 1990s. The group's most well-known line up was composed of Luke,Fresh Kid Ice,Mr. Mixx,and Brother Marquis. They were considerably controversial in the U.S. due to the sexually explicit content in their songs,particularly on their 1989 album As Nasty as They Wanna Be.
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