Barry R. Davis

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Barry Robert Davis is an American statistician and public health doctor specializing in the design, conduct, and analysis of clinical trials. [1] He is Professor Emeritus of Biostatistics and Data Science at the University of Texas School of Public Health, where he served as Director of its Coordinating Center for Clinical Trials. [1] He served as President of the Society for Clinical Trials in 2000 [2] and as Chair of the Biometrics Section of the American Statistical Association in 2003. [3]

Contents

Education and Career

Davis earned a B.S. degree from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1973., [1] an M.D. from the University of California, San Diego, School of Medicine, [1] and a Ph.D. in Applied Mathematics under the supervision of Stuart Geman in the Division of Applied Mathematics at Brown University in 1982, based on his dissertation entitled "A Neurobiological Approach to Machine Intelligence." [4] He joined the Division of Applied Mathematics at Brown University as an assistant professor in 1982 and moved in 1983 to the University of Texas School of Public Health where he ultimately was the Guy S. Parcel Chair of Public Health, Professor of Biostatistics and Data Science, and Director of the Coordinating Center for Clinical Trials. [1]

Davis had leadership roles in four influential hypertension clinical trials: the Hypertension Detection and Follow-up Program (HDFP), [5] the Systolic Hypertension in the Elderly Program (SHEP), [6] the Antihypertensive and Lipid Lowering Treatment to Prevent Heart Attack Trial (ALLHAT) [7] [8] and the Systolic Blood Pressure Intervention Trial (SPRINT); [9] and in stem cell therapy trials for treating heart disease, the Cardiovascular Cell Therapy Research Network.

Recognition

Davis became a Fellow of the American Statistical Association in 1996, a Fellow of the Society for Clinical Trials in 2007, a Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science in 2014 for "distinguished contributions to the methodology of clinical trials; the design, monitoring, management, and reporting of influential clinical trials; and leadership to advance public health", [10] and an elected member of the International Statistical Institute in 2015. [11] In 2004 he received the University of Texas Health President's Scholar's Award for his leadership role in the ALLHAT Clinical Trial. [12] He is also a Fellow of the American Heart Association, the American Society of Hypertension, and the American College of Preventive Medicine. [10]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Blood pressure</span> Pressure exerted by circulating blood upon the walls of arteries

Blood pressure (BP) is the pressure of circulating blood against the walls of blood vessels. Most of this pressure results from the heart pumping blood through the circulatory system. When used without qualification, the term "blood pressure" refers to the pressure in the large arteries. Blood pressure is usually expressed in terms of the systolic pressure over diastolic pressure in the cardiac cycle. It is measured in millimeters of mercury (mmHg) above the surrounding atmospheric pressure.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Hypertension</span> Long-term high blood pressure in the arteries

Hypertension, also known as high blood pressure (HBP), is a long-term medical condition in which the blood pressure in the arteries is persistently elevated. High blood pressure usually does not cause symptoms. Long-term high blood pressure, however, is a major risk factor for stroke, coronary artery disease, heart failure, atrial fibrillation, peripheral arterial disease, vision loss, chronic kidney disease, and dementia. Hypertension is a major cause of premature death worldwide.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Hydrochlorothiazide</span> Diuretic medication

Hydrochlorothiazide is a diuretic medication often used to treat high blood pressure and swelling due to fluid build-up. Other uses include treating diabetes insipidus and renal tubular acidosis and to decrease the risk of kidney stones in those with a high calcium level in the urine. Hydrochlorothiazide shows greater effect on systolic blood pressure than diastolic one which can reach 4 mmHg to 6 mmHg pressure reduction. Hydrochlorothiazide is less effective than chlortalidone for prevention of heart attack or stroke. Hydrochlorothiazide is taken by mouth and may be combined with other blood pressure medications as a single pill to increase effectiveness.

Antihypertensives are a class of drugs that are used to treat hypertension. Antihypertensive therapy seeks to prevent the complications of high blood pressure, such as stroke and myocardial infarction. Evidence suggests that reduction of the blood pressure by 5 mmHg can decrease the risk of stroke by 34% and of ischaemic heart disease by 21%, and can reduce the likelihood of dementia, heart failure, and mortality from cardiovascular disease. There are many classes of antihypertensives, which lower blood pressure by different means. Among the most important and most widely used medications are thiazide diuretics, calcium channel blockers, ACE inhibitors, angiotensin II receptor antagonists (ARBs), and beta blockers.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Pravastatin</span> Cholesterol lowering medication in the statin class

Pravastatin, sold under the brand name Pravachol among others, is a statin medication, used for preventing cardiovascular disease in those at high risk and treating abnormal lipids. It should be used together with diet changes, exercise, and weight loss. It is taken by mouth.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Chlortalidone</span> Thiazide-like diuretic drug

Chlortalidone, also known as chlorthalidone, is a thiazide-like diuretic drug used to treat high blood pressure, swelling including that due to heart failure, liver failure, and nephrotic syndrome, diabetes insipidus, and renal tubular acidosis. Because chlortalidone is reliably effective in most patients with high blood pressure, it is considered a preferred initial treatment. It is also used to prevent calcium-based kidney stones. It is taken by mouth. Effects generally begin within three hours and last for up to three days. Chlortalidone is more effective than hydrochlorothiazide for prevention of heart attack or stroke.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Reserpine</span> Drug used to treat high blood pressure

Reserpine is a drug that is used for the treatment of high blood pressure, usually in combination with a thiazide diuretic or vasodilator. Large clinical trials have shown that combined treatment with reserpine plus a thiazide diuretic reduces mortality of people with hypertension. Although the use of reserpine as a solo drug has declined since it was first approved by the FDA in 1955, the combined use of reserpine and a thiazide diuretic or vasodilator is still recommended in patients who do not achieve adequate lowering of blood pressure with first-line drug treatment alone. The reserpine-hydrochlorothiazide combo pill was the 17th most commonly prescribed of the 43 combination antihypertensive pills available In 2012.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Doxazosin</span> Group of stereoisomers

Doxazosin, sold under the brand names Cardura among others, is a medication used to treat symptoms of benign prostatic hyperplasia and hypertension. For high blood pressure, it is a less preferred option. It is taken by mouth.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Nebivolol</span> Chemical compound

Nebivolol is a beta blocker used to treat high blood pressure and heart failure. As with other β-blockers, it is generally a less preferred treatment for high blood pressure. It may be used by itself or with other blood pressure medication. It is taken by mouth.

The DASH diet is a dietary pattern promoted by the U.S.-based National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute to prevent and control hypertension. The DASH diet is rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and low-fat dairy foods. It includes meat, fish, poultry, nuts, and beans, and is limited in sugar-sweetened foods and beverages, red meat, and added fats. In addition to its effect on blood pressure, it is designed to be a well-balanced approach to eating for the general public. DASH is recommended by the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) as a healthy eating plan. The DASH diet is one of three healthy diets recommended in the 2015–2020 US Dietary Guidelines, which also include the Mediterranean diet and a vegetarian diet. The American Heart Association (AHA) considers the DASH diet "specific and well-documented across age, sex and ethnically diverse groups."

In medicine, systolic hypertension is defined as an elevated systolic blood pressure (SBP). If the systolic blood pressure is elevated (>140) with a normal (<90) diastolic blood pressure (DBP), it is called isolated systolic hypertension. Eighty percent of people with systolic hypertension are over the age of 65 years old.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Clevidipine</span> Chemical compound

Clevidipine is a dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker indicated for the reduction of blood pressure when oral therapy is not feasible or not desirable. Clevidipine is used IV only and practitioners titrate this drug to lower blood pressure. It has a half-life of approximately one minute. It is rapidly inactivated by esterases.

The chronic endothelial injury hypothesis is one of two major mechanisms postulated to explain the underlying cause of atherosclerosis and coronary heart disease (CHD), the other being the lipid hypothesis. Although an ongoing debate involving connection between dietary lipids and CHD sometimes portrays the two hypotheses as being opposed, they are in no way mutually exclusive. Moreover, since the discovery of the role of LDL cholesterol (LDL-C) in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, the two hypotheses have become tightly linked by a number of molecular and cellular processes.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ian Ford</span> Scottish doctor, academic

Ian Ford FRSE FRCP(Glas) FSCT is professor of biostatistics and director of the Robertson Centre for Biostatistics, and former Dean of Faculty, Information and Mathematical Sciences, at the University of Glasgow.

Renal sympathetic denervation (RSDN) is a minimally invasive, endovascular catheter based procedure using radiofrequency ablation or ultrasound ablation aimed at treating resistant hypertension. Nerves in the wall of the renal artery are ablated by applying radiofrequency pulses or ultrasound to the renal arteries. This causes reduction of sympathetic afferent and efferent activity to the kidney and blood pressure can be decreased. Early data from international clinical trials without sham controls was promising - demonstrating large blood pressure reductions in patients with treatment-resistant hypertension. However, in 2014 a prospective, single-blind, randomized, sham-controlled clinical trial failed to confirm a beneficial effect on blood pressure. A 2014 consensus statement from The Joint UK Societies did not recommend the use of renal denervation for treatment of resistant hypertension on current evidence. More recent sham-controlled trials suggest renal denervation can lead to lower systolic blood pressure.

Paul Kieran Whelton is an Irish-born American physician and scientist who has contributed to the fields of hypertension and kidney disease epidemiology. He also mentored several public health leaders including the deans of the schools of public health at Johns Hopkins and Columbia. He currently serves as the Show Chwan Health Care System Endowed Chair in Global Public Health and a Clinical Professor in the Department of Epidemiology at the Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine. He is the founding director of the Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology, and Clinical Research at Johns Hopkins University.

Hypertension is managed using lifestyle modification and antihypertensive medications. Hypertension is usually treated to achieve a blood pressure of below 140/90 mmHg to 160/100 mmHg. According to one 2003 review, reduction of the blood pressure by 5 mmHg can decrease the risk of stroke by 34% and of ischaemic heart disease by 21% and reduce the likelihood of dementia, heart failure, and mortality from cardiovascular disease.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Antihypertensive and Lipid Lowering Treatment to Prevent Heart Attack Trial</span>

The Antihypertensive and Lipid Lowering Treatment to Prevent Heart Attack Trial, also known as ALLHAT, was a randomized, double-blind, active-controlled study comparing at the same time, four different classes of antihypertensive drugs with the rate of coronary heart disease (CHD) events in ‘high-risk’ people with hypertension. Participants were initially randomised to chlorthalidone (diuretic) versus doxazosin, lisinopril (ACE-inhibitor), and amlodipine.

A non-pharmaceutical intervention or non-pharmacological intervention (NPI) is any type of health intervention which is not primarily based on medication. Some examples include exercise, sleep improvement, or dietary habits.

Lisa Marie Sullivan is a biostatistician associated with the Framingham Heart Study. She is a professor of biostatistics at Boston University, where she is associate dean for education in the School of Public Health and the former chair of the biostatistics department.

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 "Faculty".
  2. ↑ "Society for Clinical Trials".
  3. ↑ "ASA Community".
  4. ↑ "Barry Davis - the Mathematics Genealogy Project".
  5. ↑ Black, Henry R. (2001). Clinical Trials in Hypertension. Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press. pp. 27–60. ISBN   978-0-824-70270-0.
  6. ↑ Black, Henry R. (2001). Clinical Trials in Hypertension. Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press. pp. 195–232. ISBN   978-0-824-70270-0.
  7. ↑ Black, Henry R. (2001). Clinical Trials in Hypertension. Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press. pp. 531–586. ISBN   978-0-824-70270-0.
  8. ↑ Davis, Barry R.; Cutler, JA; Gordon, DJ; et, al. (1 April 1996). "Rationale and design of the Antihypertensive and Lipid Lowering Treatment to Prevent Heart Attack Trial (ALLHAT)". Am J Hypertens. 9 (4): 342–360. doi: 10.1016/0895-7061(96)00037-4 . PMID   8722437.
  9. ↑ SPRINT Research Group; Wright Jr, J. T.; Williamson, J. D.; Whelton, P. K.; Snyder, J. K.; Sink, K. M.; Rocco, M. V.; Reboussin, D. M.; Rahman, M.; Oparil, S.; Lewis, C. E.; Kimmel, P. L.; Johnson, K. C.; Goff Jr, D. C.; Fine, L. J.; Cutler, J. A.; Cushman, W. C.; Cheung, A. K.; Ambrosius, W. T. (2015). "A Randomized Trial of Intensive versus Standard Blood-Pressure Control" (PDF). New England Journal of Medicine. 373 (22): 2103–2116. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa1511939. PMC   4689591 . PMID   26551272.
  10. 1 2 https://www.fda.gov/media/129500/download
  11. ↑ "ISA Elected Member".
  12. ↑ Office of Faculty Affairs and Development (2022-04-14). "List of Awardees - President's Scholar Awards - Office of Faculty Affairs and Development - UTHealth". Uth.edu. Retrieved 2022-09-23.
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