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Cornwall is a ceremonial county in South West England. It is recognised by Cornish and Celtic political groups as one of the Celtic nations, and is the homeland of the Cornish people. The county is bordered by the Atlantic Ocean to the north and west, Devon to the east, and the English Channel to the south. The largest settlement is Falmouth, and the county town is the city of Truro.
Cornish is a Southwestern Brittonic language of the Celtic language family. It is a revived language, having become extinct as a living community language in Cornwall at the end of the 18th century. However, knowledge of Cornish, including speaking ability to a certain extent, continued to be passed on within families and by individuals, and a revival began in the early 20th century. The language has a growing number of second-language speakers, and a very small number of families now raise children to speak revived Cornish as a first language. Cornish is currently recognised under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages, and the language is often described as an important part of Cornish identity, culture and heritage.
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Nicholas Jonathan Anselm Williams, sometimes credited as N. J. A. Williams, is a leading expert and poet in the Cornish language.
The history of Cornwall goes back to the Paleolithic, but in this period Cornwall only had sporadic visits by groups of humans. Continuous occupation started around 10,000 years ago after the end of the last ice age. When recorded history started in the first century BCE, the spoken language was Common Brittonic, and that would develop into Southwestern Brittonic and then the Cornish language. Cornwall was part of the territory of the tribe of the Dumnonii that included modern-day Devon and parts of Somerset. After a period of Roman rule, Cornwall reverted to rule by independent Romano-British leaders and continued to have a close relationship with Brittany and Wales as well as southern Ireland, which neighboured across the Celtic Sea. After the collapse of Dumnonia, the remaining territory of Cornwall came into conflict with neighbouring Wessex.
The Cornish people or Cornish are an ethnic group native to, or associated with Cornwall and a recognised national minority in the United Kingdom, which can trace its roots to the Brittonic Celtic ancient Britons who inhabited Great Britain before the Roman conquest. Many in Cornwall today continue to assert a distinct identity separate from or in addition to English or British identities. Cornish identity has been adopted by migrants into Cornwall, as well as by emigrant and descendant communities from Cornwall, the latter sometimes referred to as the Cornish diaspora. Although not included as a tick-box option in the UK census, the numbers of those writing in a Cornish ethnic and national identity are officially recognised and recorded.
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Alan M. Kent was a Cornish poet, dramatist, novelist, editor, academic and teacher. He was the author of a number of works on Cornish and Anglo-Cornish literature.
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Loveday Elizabeth Trevenen Jenkin is a British politician, biologist and language campaigner. She has been a member of Cornwall Council since 2011, and currently serves as councillor for Crowan, Sithney and Wendron.
The Cornish language revival is an ongoing process to revive the use of the Cornish language of Cornwall, England. The Cornish language's disappearance began to hasten during the 13th century, but its decline began with the spread of Anglo-Saxon in the 4th and 5th centuries. The last reported person to have full knowledge of a traditional form of Cornish, John Davey, died in 1891. The revival movement started in the late 19th century as a result of antiquarian and academic interest in the language, which was already extinct, and also as a result of the Celtic revival movement. In 2009, UNESCO changed its classification of Cornish from "extinct" to "critically endangered", seen as a milestone for the revival of the language.
References
- ↑ Deacon, Bernard (2013). "The Unimportance of Being Cornish in Cornwall" (PDF). Cornish Studies. 21: 2, 4–5, 16 – via University of Exeter Press.
- ↑ "The Surnames of Cornwall – by Bernard Deacon". Cornovia. Retrieved 11 March 2024.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ↑ Institute of Cornish Studies website – Academic staff biographies – Bernard Deacon Archived 5 October 2006 at the Wayback Machine .
- ↑ The thesis is available online on the ICS website. [ permanent dead link ]
- ↑ He should not be confused with Bernard Deacon (anthropologist) (1903–1927), who has an ODNB article by Jeremy MacClancy, 'Deacon, (Arthur) Bernard (1903–1927)’, Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 2004 accessed 21 May 2008
- ↑ ICS Master's degree curriculum Archived 19 September 2007 at the Wayback Machine
- ↑ See Cornwall County Council website-Cornish Language Partnership Archived 30 September 2007 at the Wayback Machine and MAGA Kernow = Partnership website Archived 23 August 2007 at the Wayback Machine
- ↑ Payton, Philip "Introduction" to Cornish Studies No. 14 (2004), p. 2
- ↑ Maga News, July 2007. [ permanent dead link ]
- ↑ Cussel an Tavaz Kernuak
- ↑ Some earlier publications may be found listed in the Cornwall County Library Catalogue. Archived 17 July 2007 at the Wayback Machine
