Botany of Lord Auckland's Group and Campbell's Island

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Botany of Lord Auckland's Group and Campbell's Island
Flora Antarctica title page.jpg
Title page with an etching of the Victoria Barrier with Mount Erebus and Mount Terror
Author Joseph Dalton Hooker
Illustrator Walter Hood Fitch
CountryEngland
LanguageEnglish
SeriesMonthly parts
Subject Botany
Publisher Reeve Brothers
Publication date
1844–1845

The Botany of Lord Auckland's Group and Campbell's Island is a description of the plants discovered in those islands during the Ross expedition written by Joseph Dalton Hooker and published by Reeve Brothers in London between 1844 and 1845. [1] Hooker sailed on HMS Erebus as assistant surgeon. [2] It was the first in a series of four Floras in the Flora Antarctica , the others being the Botany of Fuegia, the Falklands, Kerguelen's Land, Etc. (1845–1847), the Flora Novae-Zelandiae (1851–1853), and the Flora Tasmaniae (1853–1859). They were "splendidly" illustrated by Walter Hood Fitch. [3]

Contents

The larger part of the plant specimens collected during the Ross expedition are now part of the Kew Herbarium. [4]

Context

The British government fitted out an expedition led by James Clark Ross to investigate magnetism and marine geography in high southern latitudes, which sailed with two ships, HMS Terror and HMS Erebus on 29 September 1839 from Chatham. [5]

The ships arrived, after several stops, at the Cape of Good Hope on 4 April 1840. On 21 April the giant kelp Macrocystis pyrifera was found off Marion Island, but no landfall could be made there or on the Crozet Islands due to the harsh winds. On 12 May the ships anchored at Christmas Harbour for two and a half months, during which all the plant species previously encountered by James Cook on the Kerguelen Islands were collected. On 16 August they reached the River Derwent, remaining in Tasmania until 12 November. A week later the flotilla stopped at Lord Auckland's Islands and Campbell's Island for the spring months. [5]

Large floating forests of Macrocystis and Durvillaea were found until the ships ran into icebergs at latitude 61° S. Pack-ice was met at 68° S and longitude 175°. During this part of the voyage Victoria Land, Mount Erebus and Mount Terror were discovered. After returning to Tasmania for three months, the flotilla went via Sydney to the Bay of Islands, and stayed for three months in New Zealand to collect plants there. After visiting other islands, the ships returned to the Cape of Good Hope on 4 April 1843. At the end of the journey specimens of some fifteen hundred plant species had been collected and preserved. [5]

Species

According to Hooker, the flora of the islands south of Tasmania and New Zealand is related to that of New Zealand and bears no likeness to that of Australia. On the Auckland Islands wood grows near the sea and consists of the tree Metrosideros umbellata intermixed with woody Dracophyllum , Coprosma , Hebe (assigned to Veronica by Hooker) and Panax . These are undergrown by many ferns. Higher up grow alpines. On the Campbell Islands brushwood is limited to narrow bays which are relatively sheltered. These islands are steeper and rocky and have bear less vegetation, primarily grasses. [6]

Plants collected by Hooker from Auckland and Campbell Islands are listed below. Species described by him should be cited with his acronym Hook.f. (Hooker filius), but this has not been applied here for brevity. Species already described by other authors are indicated though. Where applicable and as far as possible, the corrected botanical names, and the currently accepted name have been indicated accompanied by the abbreviated author names.

Seedplants

Myosotis capitata (Plate XXXVII) Flora Antarctica Myosotis capitata.jpg
Myosotis capitata (Plate XXXVII)
Ranunculus pinguis (Plate I) Flora Antarctica Plate I.jpg
Ranunculus pinguis (Plate I)

The following seedplants are described by Hooker in Flora Antarctica. [7]

Ferns and clubmosses

Lycopodium clavatum is a cosmopolitan species Lycopodium clavatum andes.JPG
Lycopodium clavatum is a cosmopolitan species

The following ferns and clubmosses are described by Hooker in Flora Antarctica from the Auckland and Campbell Islands. [8]

Mosses

The species Hypnum aciculare found on Auckland's Islands is now called Ptychomnion aciculare Ptychomnion aciculare - Ptychomniaceae.JPG
The species Hypnum aciculare found on Auckland's Islands is now called Ptychomnion aciculare

The following mosses are described by Hooker in Flora Antarctica from the Auckland and Campbell Islands. [9]

Liverworts

Plate LXII, left to right, than top to bottom: I Hookeria pulchella, II H. denticulata, III H. pennata, IV: Jungermannia stygia, V J. acinacifolia, VI: J. ochrophylla, VII J. perigonialis, VIII J. occlusa, IX J. strongylophylla Flora Antarctica Plate LXII.jpg
Plate LXII, left to right, than top to bottom: I Hookeria pulchella, II H. denticulata, III H. pennata, IV: Jungermannia stygia, V J. acinacifolia, VI: J. ochrophylla, VII J. perigonialis, VIII J. occlusa, IX J. strongylophylla
Jungermannia atrovirens Jungermannia atrovirens (b, 144637-474720) 7621.JPG
Jungermannia atrovirens
J. multifida, now assigned to Riccardia Riccardia multifida (Vielspaltiges Riccardimoos) IMG 0162.jpg
J. multifida, now assigned to Riccardia

The Flora Antarctica contains a very large number of liverwort species from the Auckland and Campbell Islands, at that time almost all assigned to the genus Jungermannia . Of the 82 species mentioned in the Flora Antarctica, 79 have since been reassigned to other genera in the Jungermanniales. Hooker credits the scientists in the Cryptogamic Botany Department, especially Thomas Taylor, for their expertise and cooperation in preparing the sections on mosses, liverworts and lichens. The species published under their common authorship are generally indicated by Hook.f & Taylor. This has been omitted in this section for brevity. Authors are also not indicated with type species that have later been transferred to another genus while retaining the original species epithet, because this authority appears in the new combination between brackets. All other author (combinations) were indicated though. [12]

Green algae

Red algae

Brown algae

Diatoms

Lichens

The lichen "Sticta freycinetii" (Pseudocyphellaria glabra) Flora Antarctica Sticta freycinetii.jpg
The lichen "Sticta freycinetii" (Pseudocyphellaria glabra)

Fungi

The following fungi are described by Hooker in Flora Antarctica from the Auckland and Campbell Islands. [19]

Related Research Articles

<i>Funaria</i> Genus of mosses

Funaria is a genus of approximately 210 species of moss. Funaria hygrometrica is the most common species. Funaria hygrometrica is called “cord moss” because of the twisted seta which is very hygroscopic and untwists when moist. The name is derived from the Latin word “funis”, meaning "a rope". In funaria root like structures called rhizoids are present.

Lepidoziaceae Family of liverworts

Lepidoziaceae is a family of leafy liverworts. It is a group of small plants that are widely distributed.

<i>Dicranum</i> Genus of mosses

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<i>Bazzania</i> Genus of liverworts

Bazzania is a genus of liverwort in the family Lepidoziaceae.

<i>Frullania</i> Genus of liverworts

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<i>Asterella</i> Genus of liverworts

Asterella is a liverwort genus in the family Aytoniaceae.

<i>Grimmia</i> Genus of moss in the family Grimmiaceae

Grimmia is a genus of mosses (Bryophyta), originally named by Jakob Friedrich Ehrhart in honour of Johann Friedrich Carl Grimm, a physician and botanist from Gotha, Germany.

<i>Racomitrium</i> Genus of mosses

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<i>Riccardia</i> Genus of liverworts

Riccardia is a plant genus in the liverwort family Aneuraceae.

<i>Tortula</i> Genus of mosses in the family Pottiaceae

Tortula is a genus of mosses in the family Pottiaceae.

<i>Hypopterygium</i> Genus of mosses

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<i>Campylopus</i> Genus of haplolepideous mosses

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<i>Syntrichia</i> Genus of mosses

Syntrichia is a large, cosmopolitan genus of mosses in the family Pottiaceae. The genus name is of Greek origin for "plus" and "hair", referring to the "twisted peristome united by a basal membrane".

<i>Neckera</i> Genus of mosses

Neckera is a large genus of mosses belonging to the family Neckeraceae. The genus was first described by Johann Hedwig. The genus has a cosmopolitan distribution.

<i>Rhynchostegium</i> Genus of mosses

Rhynchostegium is a genus of pleurocarpous mosses belonging to the family Brachytheciaceae. The genus has a cosmopolitan distribution across different climatological regions except the polar regions, mostly in tropic to north temperate regions. The genus contains both aquatic and terrestrial species. The genus was named for their rostrate opercula. The type species of this genus is Rhynchostegium confertum (Dicks.) Schimp.

Lophocoleaceae is a family of liverworts belonging to the order Jungermanniales.

Clasmatocolea is a genus of liverworts belonging to the family Lophocoleaceae.

References

  1. ↑ Joseph Dalton Hooker (1844). Flora Antarctica, Volume 1, Parts 1-2, Flora Novae-Zelandiae - The Botany of the Antarctic Voyage of H.M. Discovery Ships Erebus and Terror in the years 1839-1843. London: Reeve Brothers. pp. title pages.
  2. ↑ "The Erebus voyage". Kew Royal Botanic Gardens. Archived from the original on 2015-11-23. Retrieved 2015-11-28.
  3. ↑ Curtis, Winifred M. (1972). Hooker, Sir Joseph Dalton (1817–1911). Australian Dictionary of Biography (Volume 4). Melbourne University Press.
  4. ↑ David Goyder; Pat Griggs; Mark Nesbitt; Lynn Parker; Kiri Ross-Jones (2012). "Sir Joseph Hooker's Collections at the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew" (PDF). Curtis's Botanical Magazine . 29 (1): 66–85. CiteSeerX   10.1.1.567.5692 . doi:10.1111/j.1467-8748.2012.01772.x. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2015-06-08. Retrieved 2016-02-29.
  5. 1 2 3 Joseph Dalton Hooker (1844). Flora Antarctica, Volume 1. pp. v–vii.
  6. ↑ Joseph Dalton Hooker (1844). Flora Antarctica, Volume 1, Parts 1-2, Flora Novae-Zelandiae. pp. 1–3.
  7. ↑ Joseph Dalton Hooker (1844). Flora Antarctica, Volume 1, Parts 1-2, Flora Novae-Zelandiae. pp. 3–103.
  8. ↑ J.D. Hooker (1844). Flora Antarctica, Volume 1. pp. 103–117.
  9. 1 2 J.D. Hooker (1844). Flora Antarctica, Volume 1. pp. 117–143.
  10. ↑ Harumi Ochi (1971). "What Is True Bryum truncorum?". The Bryologist. 74 (4): 503–506. doi:10.2307/3241315. JSTOR   3241315. Reference for Bryum truncorum only.
  11. ↑ N. Klazenga. "33. Dicranaceae: Dicranoloma" (PDF). Australian Mosses Online. Reference for Dicranum only.
  12. ↑ J.D. Hooker (1844). Flora Antarctica, Volume 1. pp. 144–169.
  13. 1 2 J.D. Hooker (1844). Flora Antarctica, Volume 1. p. 193.
  14. 1 2 3 4 "different pages". Algaebase. For synonymy.
  15. ↑ J.D. Hooker (1844). Flora Antarctica, Volume 1. pp. 180–193.
  16. ↑ J.D. Hooker (1844). Flora Antarctica, Volume 1, Parts 1-2, Flora Novae-Zelandiae. pp. 175–180.
  17. ↑ J.D. Hooker (1844). Flora Antarctica, Volume 1. pp. 194–200.
  18. ↑ "different pages". MycoBank. International Mycological Association. For synonymy.
  19. ↑ J.D. Hooker (1844). Flora Antarctica, Volume 1. pp. 169–174.
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