| Bromus pacificus | |
|---|---|
Scientific classification  | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Monocots |
| Clade: | Commelinids |
| Order: | Poales |
| Family: | Poaceae |
| Subfamily: | Pooideae |
| Genus: | Bromus |
| Species: | B. pacificus |
| Binomial name | |
| Bromus pacificus | |
Bromus pacificus, the Pacific brome, is a perennial grass native to the Pacific coast of North America. Bromus pacificus has a diploid number of 28.
Bromus pacificus is often misidentified as various species of Bromus sect. Ceratochloa, including B. carinatus and B. sitchensis . B. pacificus resembles these species with its large and open panicles, but its lemmas are rounded or slightly keeled as compared to the flattened lemmas of B. sect. Ceratochloa. In addition, B. pacificus typically occurs only near the coast of British Columbia while species of B. sect. Ceratochloa are more widely distributed, including habitats in California where B. pacificus has been misidentified. [1]
Bromus pacificus lacks rhizomes and grows 45–172 cm (18–68 in) tall. The smooth culms are 4–5 mm (0.16–0.20 in) wide at their base and have five to nine nodes. The brownish culms are relatively pubescent, with hairs up to 1 mm (0.039 in) long, though culms are occasionally glabrous with hairs only adjacent to nodes. The leaf sheaths remain closed for most of their length, being open for only 14–35 mm (0.55–1.38 in). Leaf sheaths are glabrous or pilose with hairs 2.1 mm (0.083 in) long, and lack auricles. The membranous and glabrous ligules are 2–4 mm (0.079–0.157 in) long. Leaf blades are 32–37 cm (13–15 in) long and 7–16 mm (0.28–0.63 in) wide, with an adaxial surface covered with hairs up to 1.5 mm (0.059 in) long and a glabrous abaxial surface. Margins are smooth or slightly serrated. The open panicles are 17–28 cm (6.7–11.0 in) long and 12.5–19 cm (4.9–7.5 in) wide, with spreading or nodding branches. The spikelets are 2.1–3.8 cm (0.83–1.50 in) long and number one to six per branch. The rachillas can sometimes be visible at maturity. Spikelets have six to eight florets. Glumes are pubescent, with hairs up to 0.6 mm (0.024 in) long. The one-nerved lower glumes are 8.2–10.5 mm (0.32–0.41 in) long, and the three-nerved upper glumes are 9.7–12 mm (0.38–0.47 in) long. The seven-nerved lemmas are 10–13.5 mm (0.39–0.53 in) long and 1.8–2.3 mm (0.071–0.091 in) wide, and are covered with appressed hairs up to 1.5 mm (0.059 in) long. Awns are 3–6.5 mm (0.12–0.26 in) long. Paleas are typically shorter than lemmas, being 9–10 mm (0.35–0.39 in) long, with dense cilia up to 0.5 mm (0.020 in) long. The dark brown anthers are 2–3 mm (0.079–0.118 in) long. [1] [2]
Bromus pacificus occurs along the Pacific coast as its specific epithet indicates. It occurs from southeastern Alaska down to central Oregon; most often it occurs in the coast of British Columbia. Habitats include moist ravines, shaded forests, wet thickets, saline beaches, ditches, and road verges, from 0–50 m (0–164 ft) in elevation. [1] [3]
Bromus arvensis, the field brome, is a brome grass native to Europe and Asia. The specific epithet arvensis is Latin, meaning "of cultivated land".
Bromus hordeaceus, the soft brome, is an annual or biennial species of grass in the true grass family (Poaceae). It is also known in North America as bull grass, soft cheat, and soft chess.
Bromus secalinus is a species of bromegrass known as rye brome. The specific epithet secalinus is Latin, meaning "rye-like". The fruits are hard, rounded glumes that appear superficially similar to the rye grain, which gives the brome its common and scientific name. The grass has a diploid number of 28.
Calamagrostis stricta, known as slim-stem small reed grass or narrow small-reed, is a species of bunchgrass in the family Poaceae of the Holarctic Kingdom.
Bromus madritensis is a species of brome grass known by the common name compact brome. The specific epithet madritensis refers to Madrid, Spain. It has a diploid number of 28.
Bromus briziformis is a species of brome grass known by the common name rattlesnake brome. The specific epithet briziformis comes from the resemblance of the grass to grasses of the genus Briza, particularly Briza maxima. The common name is derived from the resemblance of the spikelets to the rattles of rattlesnakes. The grass has a diploid number of 14.
Bromus catharticus is a species of brome grass known by the common names rescuegrass, grazing brome, prairie grass, and Schrader's bromegrass. The specific epithet catharticus is Latin, meaning cathartic. The common name rescuegrass refers to the ability of the grass to provide forage after harsh droughts or severe winters. The grass has a diploid number of 42.
Bromus ciliatus is a species of brome grass known by the common name fringed brome. It is native to most of North America, including most of Canada, most of the United States except for some portions of the South, and northern Mexico. It is a plant of many habitats, including temperate coniferous forest. The specific epithet ciliatus is Latin for "ciliate", referring to the delicate hairs of the leaf blades.
Bromus kalmii, the Arctic brome or prairie brome, is a species of brome grass. It is a native bunchgrass in the North-central and Northeastern United States, the Great Lakes region, and eastern Canada. The specific epithet kalmii refers to its discoverer Pehr Kalm.
Hopia obtusa is a species of grass commonly known as vine mesquite. This plant was treated as Panicum obtusum until recently when more molecular and genetic material revealed new information about it. Hopia obtusa is now placed in the monotypic genus Hopia.
Bromus erectus, commonly known as erect brome, upright brome or meadow brome, is a dense, course, tufted perennial grass. It can grow to 120 centimetres (47 in). Like many brome grasses the plant is hairy. The specific epithet erectus is Latin, meaning "erect". The diploid number of the grass is 56.
Bromus aleutensis, commonly known as the Aleutian brome, is a perennial grass found in North America. B. aleutensis has a diploid number of 56.
Melica longiflora is a grass species in the family Poaceae that is endemic to Chile where it can be found from Coquimbo to Talca.
Melica porteri, known as Porter's melicgrass, is a species of grass that grows in the United States and Mexico. In the US it is found in Arizona, Colorado, Kansas, New Mexico, Texas, Utah, and Iowa.
Melica serrana, is a species of grass endemic to Cerro de las Ánimas, Uruguay.
Bromus latiglumis, the earlyleaf brome, is a grass native to North America. The specific epithet latiglumis is Latin for "broad-glumed", referring to the wide glumes.
Bromus nottowayanus, the Nottoway Valley brome or satin brome, is a brome grass native to North America. The specific epithet nottowayanus refers to the Nottoway Valley. The grass has a diploid number of 14.
Bromus japonicus, the Japanese brome, is an annual brome grass native to Eurasia. The grass has a diploid number of 14.
Bromus squarrosus, the rough brome, is a brome grass native to Russia and Europe. The specific epithet squarrosus is Latin, meaning "with spreading tips". The grass has a diploid number of 14.
Festuca brachyphylla, the alpine fescue, is a grass native to Eurasia, North America, and the Arctic. The grass is used for erosion control and revegetation. The specific epithet brachyphylla means "short-leaved". The grass has a diploid number of 28, 42, or 44.