Bruce Houghton

Last updated

Bruce Houghton
Born29 April 1950 (1950-04-29) (age 73)
Auckland, New Zealand
NationalityNew Zealand
Alma mater University of Auckland, University of Otago
Scientific career
FieldsGeology/Volcanology
InstitutionsUniversity of Hawaiʻi
Institute of Geological & Nuclear Sciences Limited (GNS), New Zealand
Thesis Geology of the Takitimu group and associated intrusive rocks, central Takitimu Mountains, western Southland, New Zealand  (1977)

Bruce F. Houghton (born 29 April 1950 in Auckland, New Zealand) is a New Zealand volcanologist. He was a student at Auckland University, and University of Otago, where he completed a PhD in 1977 on the geology of the Takatimu Mountains in western Southland. [1]

Contents

Houghton is currently the Hawai'i State volcanologist and the Gordon A. Macdonald Professor of Volcanology at the University of Hawaiʻi. [2] [3] In August 2017, Bruce was awarded the highest award in volcanology, the International Association of Volcanology and Chemistry of the Earth's Interior's Thorarinsson Medal. He is recognized as "a giant of volcanology". [4]

Selected publications

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Pyroclastic flow</span> Fast-moving current of hot gas and volcanic matter that moves away from a volcano

A pyroclastic flow is a fast-moving current of hot gas and volcanic matter that flows along the ground away from a volcano at average speeds of 100 km/h (30 m/s)(~62 mph) but is capable of reaching speeds up to 700 km/h (190 m/s)(~435 mph). The gases and tephra can reach temperatures of about 1,000 °C (1,800 °F).

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Volcanology</span> Study of volcanoes, lava, magma and associated phenomena

Volcanology is the study of volcanoes, lava, magma and related geological, geophysical and geochemical phenomena (volcanism). The term volcanology is derived from the Latin word vulcan. Vulcan was the ancient Roman god of fire.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Volcanologist</span> Scientist who studies volcanoes

A volcanologist, or volcano scientist, is a geologist who focuses on understanding the formation and eruptive activity of volcanoes. Volcanologists frequently visit volcanoes, sometimes active ones, to observe and monitor volcanic eruptions, collect eruptive products including tephra, rock and lava samples. One major focus of inquiry in recent times is the prediction of eruptions to alleviate the impact on surrounding populations and monitor natural hazards associated with volcanic activity. Geologists who research volcanic materials that make up the solid Earth are referred to as igneous petrologists.

A mantle is a layer inside a planetary body bounded below by a core and above by a crust. Mantles are made of rock or ices, and are generally the largest and most massive layer of the planetary body. Mantles are characteristic of planetary bodies that have undergone differentiation by density. All terrestrial planets, a number of asteroids, and some planetary moons have mantles.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Masaya Volcano</span> Active complex volcano in Nicaragua

Masaya is a caldera located in Masaya, Nicaragua, 20 km (12 mi) south of the capital Managua. It is Nicaragua's first and largest national park, and one of 78 protected areas of Nicaragua. The complex volcano is composed of a nested set of calderas and craters, the largest of which is Las Sierras shield volcano and caldera. Within this caldera lies a sub-vent, which is Masaya Volcano sensu stricto. The vent is a shield type composing of basaltic lavas and tephras and includes a summit crater. This hosts Masaya caldera, formed 2,500 years ago by an 8 km3 (1.9 cu mi) basaltic ignimbrite eruption. Inside this caldera a new basaltic complex has grown from eruptions mainly on a semi-circular set of vents that include the Masaya and Nindiri cones. The latter host the pit craters of Masaya, Santiago, Nindiri and San Pedro. Observations in the walls of the pit craters indicate that there have been several episodes of cone and pit crater formation.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Mayor Island / Tūhua</span> New Zealand shield volcano

Mayor Island / Tūhua is a dormant shield volcano located off the Bay of Plenty coast of New Zealand's North Island. It lies 35 kilometres (22 mi) north of Tauranga and covers 13 km2 (5 sq mi).

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Haraldur Sigurðsson</span> Icelandic volcanologist and geochemist (born 1939)

Haraldur Sigurðsson or Haraldur Sigurdsson is an Icelandic volcanologist and geochemist.

The Decade Volcanoes are 16 volcanoes identified by the International Association of Volcanology and Chemistry of the Earth's Interior (IAVCEI) as being worthy of particular study in light of their history of large, destructive eruptions and proximity to densely populated areas. The Decade Volcanoes project encourages studies and public-awareness activities at these volcanoes, with the aim of achieving a better understanding of the volcanoes and the dangers they present, and thus being able to reduce the severity of natural disasters.

George Patrick Leonard Walker was a British geologist who began his career studying mineralogy and later made significant contributions to volcanology. He was widely regarded as one of the pioneers of modern quantitative volcanology.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Volcanogenic lake</span>

A volcanogenic lake is a lake formed as a result of volcanic activity. They are generally a body of water inside an inactive volcanic crater but can also be large volumes of molten lava within an active volcanic crater and waterbodies constrained by lava flows, pyroclastic flows or lahars in valley systems. The term volcanic lake is also used to describe volcanogenic lakes, although it is more commonly assigned to those inside volcanic craters.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Vulcanian eruption</span> Volcanic eruption with dense ash clouds

A Vulcanian eruption is a type of volcanic eruption characterized by a dense cloud of ash-laden gas exploding from the crater and rising high above the peak. They usually commence with phreatomagmatic eruptions which can be extremely noisy due to the rising magma heating water in the ground. This is usually followed by the explosive clearing of the vent and the eruption column is dirty grey to black as old weathered rocks are blasted out of the vent. As the vent clears, further ash clouds become grey-white and creamy in colour, with convolutions of the ash similar to those of Plinian eruptions.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">International Association of Volcanology and Chemistry of the Earth's Interior</span> International non-governmental organization

The International Association of Volcanology and Chemistry of the Earth's Interior (IAVCEI) is a learned society that focuses on research in volcanology, efforts to mitigate volcanic disasters, and research into closely related disciplines, such as igneous geochemistry and petrology, geochronology, volcanogenic mineral deposits, and the physics of the generation and ascent of magmas in the upper mantle and crust. It is one of eight constituent associations of the International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics (IUGG).

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Rosaly Lopes</span> Brazilian geologist (born 1957)

Rosaly M. C. Lopes is a planetary geologist, volcanologist, an author of numerous scientific papers and several books, as well as a proponent of education. Her major research interests are in planetary and terrestrial surface processes with an emphasis on volcanology.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Stephen L. Harris</span> American academic and Professor of Humanities and Religious Studies (1937-2019)

Stephen L. Harris was Professor of Humanities and Religious Studies at California State University, Sacramento. He served there ten years as department chair and was named a Woodrow Wilson Fellow. He received his MA and PhD degrees from Cornell University. Harris was a member of the American Academy of Religion, a fellow at the Westar Institute, a fellow of the controversial Jesus Seminar, and authored several books on religion, some of which are used in introductory university courses.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Reporoa Caldera</span> Volcanic caldera in New Zealand

The Reporoa Caldera is a 10 km by 15 km caldera in New Zealand's Taupō Volcanic Zone located in the Taupō-Reporoa Basin. It formed some 280,000 years ago, in a large eruption that deposited approximately 100 km3 of tephra, forming the Kaingaroa Ignimbrite layer. The ignimbrite sheet extends up to 15 km (9.3 mi) to the east.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Hatepe eruption</span> Major eruption of Taupō volcano

The Hatepe eruption, named for the Hatepe Plinian pumice tephra layer, sometimes referred to as the Taupō eruption or Horomatangi Reef Unit Y eruption, is dated to 232 CE ± 10 and was Taupō Volcano's most recent major eruption. It is thought to be New Zealand's largest eruption within the last 20,000 years. The eruption ejected some 45–105 km3 (11–25 cu mi) of bulk tephra, of which just over 30 km3 (7.2 cu mi) was ejected in approximately 6–7 minutes. This makes it one of the largest eruptions in the last 5,000 years, comparable to the Minoan eruption in the 2nd millennium BCE, the 946 eruption of Paektu Mountain, the 1257 eruption of Mount Samalas, and the 1815 eruption of Mount Tambora.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Colin Wilson (volcanologist)</span> New Zealand volcanologist and educator

Colin James Ness Wilson FRS FRSNZ is Professor of Volcanology at Victoria University of Wellington in New Zealand.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Hazel Rymer</span> British volcanologist

Hazel Rymer is a British volcanologist and Pro-Vice Chancellor at the Open University. Her research investigates how active volcanoes affect their environment and impact global climate change. She leads the citizen science project Earth Watch.

Vatnaöldur is the name of a series of craters in the Suðurland region of Iceland. They are located in the Highlands of Iceland, northwest of the Veiðivötn and northeast of Landmannalaugar, within the municipality of Rangárþing ytra. It is part of the East volcanic zone (EVZ).

Marta Lucía Calvache Velasco is a Colombian geologist and volcanologist, best known for her work on geological hazards and risk reduction in Colombia.

References

  1. Houghton, Bruce (1977). Geology of the Takitimu group and associated intrusive rocks, central Takitimu Mountains, western Southland, New Zealand (Doctoral thesis). OUR Archive, University of Otago. hdl:10523/3991.
  2. University of Hawai'i: Department of Geology and Geophysics profile Archived 9 June 2010 at the Wayback Machine
  3. Houghton, Bruce. "Bruce Houghton appointed to the Gordon A Macdonald chair in volcanology". Institute of Geological & Nuclear Sciences Limited (GNS), New Zealand. Archived from the original on 22 May 2010. Retrieved 19 May 2010.
  4. Morton, Jamie (31 August 2017). "Kiwi 'giant of volcanology' Bruce Houghton wins world honour". New Zealand Herald. Retrieved 5 May 2018.