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Anzac Day is a national day of remembrance in Australia and New Zealand that broadly commemorates all Australians and New Zealanders "who served and died in all wars,conflicts,and peacekeeping operations" and "the contribution and suffering of all those who have served". Observed on 25 April each year,Anzac Day was originally devised to honour the members of the Australian and New Zealand Army Corps (ANZAC) who served in the Gallipoli campaign,their first engagement in the First World War (1914–1918).
General Sir John Monash,was an Australian civil engineer and military commander of the First World War. He commanded the 13th Infantry Brigade before the war and then,shortly after its outbreak,became commander of the 4th Brigade in Egypt,with whom he took part in the Gallipoli campaign. In July 1916 he took charge of the newly raised 3rd Division in northwestern France and in May 1918 became commander of the Australian Corps,at the time the largest corps on the Western Front. Monash is considered one of the best Allied generals of the First World War and the most famous commander in Australian history.
The II ANZAC Corps was an Australian and New Zealand First World War army corps. Formed in early 1916 in Egypt in the wake of the failed Gallipoli campaign,it initially consisted of two Australian divisions,and was sent to the Western Front in mid-1916. It then took part in the fighting in France and Belgium throughout 1916 and 1917,during which time it consisted of New Zealand,Australian and British divisions. In November 1917,the corps was subsumed in to the Australian Corps,which concentrated all five Australian infantry divisions. After this,the corps was reformed as the British XXII Corps.
John Kirkpatrick,commonly known as John Simpson,was a stretcher bearer with the 3rd Australian Field Ambulance during the Gallipoli campaign –the Allied attempt to capture Constantinople,capital of the Ottoman Empire,during the First World War.
Lieutenant General Sir James Whiteside McCay,,who often spelt his surname M'Cay,was an Australian general and politician.
Charles Edwin Woodrow Bean,usually identified as C. E. W. Bean,was a historian and one of Australia's official war correspondents. He was editor and principal author of the 12-volume Official History of Australia in the War of 1914–1918,and a primary advocate for establishing the Australian War Memorial (AWM).
The Anzac Memorial is a heritage-listed war memorial,museum and monument located in Hyde Park South near Liverpool Street in the CBD of Sydney,Australia. The Art Deco monument was designed by C. Bruce Dellit,with the exterior adorned with monumental figural reliefs and sculptures by Rayner Hoff,and built from 1932 to 1934 by Kell &Rigby. This state-owned property was added to the New South Wales State Heritage Register on 23 April 2010.
The Australian and New Zealand Army Corps (ANZAC) was originally a First World War army corps of the Mediterranean Expeditionary Force. It was formed in Egypt in December 1914,and operated during the Gallipoli campaign. General William Birdwood commanded the corps,which primarily consisted of troops from the First Australian Imperial Force and 1st New Zealand Expeditionary Force,although there were also British and Indian units attached at times throughout the campaign. The corps disbanded in 1916,following the Allied evacuation of the Gallipoli peninsula and the formation of I ANZAC Corps and II ANZAC Corps. The corps was reestablished,briefly,in the Second World War during the Battle of Greece in 1941. The term 'ANZAC' has been used since for joint Australian–New Zealand units of different sizes.
The Shrine of Remembrance is a war memorial in Melbourne,Victoria,Australia,located in Kings Domain on St Kilda Road. It was built to honour the men and women of Victoria who served in World War I,but now functions as a memorial to all Australians who have served in any war. It is a site of annual observances for Anzac Day and Remembrance Day,and is one of the largest war memorials in Australia.
The Official History of Australia in the War of 1914–1918 is a 12-volume series covering Australian involvement in the First World War. The series was edited by C.E.W. Bean,who also wrote six of the volumes and was published between 1920 and 1942. The first seven volumes deal with the Australian Imperial Force while other volumes deal with the Australian Naval and Military Expeditionary Force at Rabaul,the Royal Australian Navy,the Australian Flying Corps and the home front;the final volume is a photographic record.
The Anzac spirit or Anzac legend is a concept which suggests that Australian and New Zealand soldiers possess shared characteristics,specifically the qualities those soldiers allegedly exemplified on the battlefields of World War I. These perceived qualities include endurance,courage,ingenuity,good humour,larrikinism,and mateship. According to this concept,the soldiers are perceived to have been innocent and fit,stoical and laconic,irreverent in the face of authority,naturally egalitarian and disdainful of British class differences.
Stuart Forbes Macintyre was an Australian historian,and Dean of the Faculty of Arts at the University of Melbourne from 1999 to 2008. He was voted one of Australia's most influential historians.
Kenneth Stanley Inglis,was an Australian historian.
The Sydney Cenotaph is a heritage-listed monument located in Martin Place,in Sydney,New South Wales,Australia. It was designed by Bertram Mackennal and built from 1927 to 1929 by Dorman Long &Co. It is also known as Martin Place Memorial and The Cenotaph. It is one of the oldest World War I monuments in central Sydney. It was added to the New South Wales State Heritage Register on 11 November 2009.
Peter Corlett OAM is an Australian sculptor,known for his full-figure sculptures cast in bronze,especially his memorial works.
There are approximately 12,000 Australians in Turkey. Of these,the overwhelming majority are in the capital Ankara,and the remainder are mostly in Istanbul. Australian expatriates in Turkey form one of the largest overseas Australian groups in Europe and Asia. The vast majority of Australian nationals in Turkey are Turkish Australians.
Anzac Day is a day of remembrance in Queensland,Australia. It is a public holiday held on 25 April each year. The date is significant as the Australian and New Zealand troops first landed at Gallipoli in World War I on 25 April 1915.
"Their name liveth for evermore" is a phrase from the King James Version of the Bible,forming the second half of a line in Ecclesiasticus or Sirach,chapter 44,verse 14,widely inscribed on war memorials since the First World War.
Daniel Reynaud is an Australian historian whose work on Australian war cinema and on Australian World War I soldiers and religion has challenged aspects of the Anzac legend,Australia’s most important national mythology built around the role of Australian servicemen,popularly known as Anzacs
Raelene Frances,is an Australian historian and academic at the Australian National University.
References
- ↑ Scates, Bruce (1990). "Socialism, Feminism and the Case of William Lane: A Reply to Marilyn Lake". Labour History. 59 (59): 45–58. doi:10.2307/27509016. JSTOR 27509016 – via JSTOR.
- 1 2 Harrison, Sharon. "Frances, Raelene". Encyclopedia of Women and Leadership in Twentieth-Century Australia. Archived from the original on 24 September 2015.
- 1 2 "Staff Description: Bruce Scates". Australian National University Website. September 2017. Archived from the original on 2 April 2018.
- ↑ "Current Scholars, Fulbright Australia". Fulbright Australia. Archived from the original on 6 March 2018.
- ↑ "Staff Description: Bruce Scates – Publications". Australian National University Website. September 2017. Archived from the original on 2 April 2018.
- 1 2 "Affiliate: Professor Bruce Scates FASSA". King's College, London Website. Archived from the original on 20 January 2021.
- ↑ "Audio: Recovering Australian War Dead at Fromelles". State Library of Victoria.
- ↑ "Senate Standing Committee on Foreign Affairs, Defence and Trade". Parliament of Australia Website. 2007. Archived from the original on 23 May 2022. Retrieved 29 October 2023.
- ↑ "Remembrance and Commemoration 100 Years On". Australian Research Council Website. Archived from the original on 26 March 2019.
- ↑ "The Journey begins | Australian Journey". australianjourney.anu.edu.au. Retrieved 31 January 2021.
- ↑ "Australian Journey". National Museum of Australia. Archived from the original on 14 December 2018.
- ↑ Scates, Bruce (2012). On Dangerous Ground: A Gallipoli Story. Crawley, Western Australia: UWA Press. ISBN 9781742583938.
- ↑ Scates, Bruce (21 April 2016). "Anzac Day: How we're sanitising the ugly facts of war". The Sydney Morning Herald.
- ↑ Scates, Bruce (25 April 2006). "This is no day for posturing". The Age.
- ↑ Stephens, David (19 August 2014). "The War that Changed Us not rose-tinted". Honest History.
- ↑ Mills, Vanessa (29 August 2017). "The controversial statue that was added to, not torn down or vandalised". Australian Broadcasting Corporation.
- ↑ Scates, Bruce Charles (27 August 2017). "Monumental errors: how Australia can fix its racist colonial statues". The Conversation. Retrieved 31 January 2021.
- ↑ "Academy Fellow: Bruce Scates". Academy of the Social Sciences in Australia. Archived from the original on 11 December 2019. Retrieved 17 June 2021.
- ↑ "NSW Premier's History Awards 2020". Museums and Galleries NSW. 2020. Archived from the original on 8 August 2020.
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