The Boletaceae are a family of mushroom-forming fungi, primarily characterised by small pores on the spore-bearing hymenial surface, instead of gills as are found in most agarics. Nearly as widely distributed as the agarics, the family is renowned for hosting some prime edible species highly sought after by mushroom hunters worldwide, such as the cep or king bolete . A number of rare or threatened species are also present in the family, that have become the focus of increasing conservation concerns. As a whole, the typical members of the family are commonly known as boletes.
Butyriboletus appendiculatus is an edible pored mushroom that grows under oaks and other broad leaved trees such as beech. It is commonly known as the butter bolete. It often grows in large colonies beneath the oak trees, and is frequently found cohabiting with old oaks in ancient woodland. It is relatively rare in Britain. Its stipe and pores are often bright yellow and its flesh stains bright blue when cut or bruised.
Butyriboletus regius, commonly known as the royal bolete or red-capped butter bolete, is a basidiomycete fungus of the genus Boletus found in China and Europe. B. regius has a pink cap, yellow flesh, and a reticulate pattern on the stem. Harry D. Thiers described a similar mushroom from California as B. regius, though it is not the same species. B. regius in Europe does not stain when exposed to air, or stains weakly, but the California species stains blue. Both European and California species are considered choice edibles.
Exsudoporus permagnificus is a species of bolete fungus in the family Boletaceae, native to Southern Europe and Western Asia. Described as new to science in 1981, the fungus was originally placed in genus Boletus. Following molecular studies outlining a new phylogenetic framework for Boletaceae, the fungus was transferred to the newly erected genus Exsudoporus in 2014, to which it is the type species. Nevertheless, Wu and colleagues (2016) were reluctant to accept the newly proposed genus due to a lack of sufficient sequences and regarded it a synonym of Butyriboletus. Following studies reinstated the status of Exsudoporus as a monophyletic genus sister to Butyriboletus, following additional collections and extended phylogenetic and morphological analyses.
Exsudoporus floridanus is a species of edible bolete mushroom in the family Boletaceae. In 1945, American mycologist Rolf Singer described a species he found in Florida during his 1942–3 tenure of a Guggenheim Memorial Fellowship. He originally described it as a subspecies of the eastern North American species Boletus frostii, but later considered it worthy of distinct species status in a 1947 publication. Based on morphological and phylogenetic data, Vizzini and colleagues transferred this species to a newly described genus Exsudoporus in 2014. Due to lack of sufficient sequences, Wu et al. (2016) were reluctant to accept Exsudoporus and considered it a synonym of Butyriboletus, so they proposed a new combination Butyriboletus floridanus. However, following phylogenetic and morphological analyses clearly resolved Exsudoporus as a monophyletic, homogenous and independent genus that is sister to Butyriboletus.
Butyriboletus peckii is a fungus of the genus Butyriboletus native to eastern North America. It was first described by Charles Christopher Frost in 1878. Until 2014, it was known as Boletus peckii. Recent changes in the phylogenetic framework of the Boletaceae prompted the transfer of this species, along with several other related boletes, including Caloboletus calopus, to the genus Caloboletus. In 2015, Kuan Zhao and colleagues published analysis that demonstrated that the bolete belongs to Butyriboletus, closely related to Butyriboletus pulchriceps.
Butyriboletus querciregius is a pored mushroom in the genus Butyriboletus. Found in California, where it grows in a mycorrhizal association with coast live oak, it was described as new to science in 2014.
Butyriboletus roseoflavus is a pored mushroom in the genus Butyriboletus found in Asia. It was originally described in 2013 as a species of Boletus, but was transferred the following year to the newly created genus Butyriboletus.
Butyriboletus roseogriseus is a pored mushroom in the family Boletaceae found in Europe. It was originally described as a species of Boletus in 2014, but transferred later that year to the newly created genus Butyriboletus.
Butyriboletus sanicibus is a pored mushroom in the genus Butyriboletus. Found in China where it grows in association with Yunnan pine, it was described as a new species in 2014.
Butyriboletus subappendiculatus is a pored mushroom in the family Boletaceae. This European species was originally described as a species of Boletus in 1979, but later transferred to Butyriboletus in 2014. It is considered endangered in the Czech Republic.
Butyriboletus yicibus is a pored mushroom in the genus Butyriboletus. Found Yunnan, China, where it grows in association with Yunnan pine, it was described as a new species in 2014.
Butyriboletus abieticola is a pored mushroom in the family Boletaceae. It was originally described in 1975 by mycologist Harry Delbert Thiers as a species of Boletus, but transferred in 2014 to the newly created genus Butyriboletus.
Butyriboletus brunneus is a pored mushroom in the family Boletaceae. This North American species was originally described by Charles Horton Peck in 1890 as a variety of Boletus speciosus.
Butyriboletus ventricosus is a pored mushroom in the family Boletaceae. An Asian species, it was originally described in 2013 as a species of Boletus, but transferred to the newly created genus Butyriboletus the following year.
Butyriboletus fechtneri is a basidiomycete fungus in the family Boletaceae. It was formerly regarded as a species of Boletus, but in 2014 was transferred to the newly erected genus Butyriboletus, after molecular data revealed that it is a member of the "Regius" clade, quite distant from the core clade of B. edulis and closely allied species.
Butyriboletus persolidus is a pored mushroom in the family Boletaceae. Found in California, where it grows in a mycorrhizal association with coast live oak, it was described as new to science in 2014.
Butyriboletus primiregius is a pored mushroom in the family Boletaceae. Found in California, where it grows in a mycorrhizal association with fir, it was described as new to science in 2014.
Aureoboletus moravicus, commonly known as the tawny bolete, is a species of bolete fungus in the family Boletaceae that is found in Europe. Originally described as Boletus moravicus by Václav Vacek in 1946, it was transferred to the genus Aureoboletus by Wolfgang Klofac in 2010. It is an uncommon bolete of unknown edibility that appears as a vulnerable species on some European Red Lists, and is considered critically endangered in the Czech Republic. Preferred habitats include parklands, near oak trees.
Caloboletus kluzakii is a bolete fungus native to Europe. Until 2014, it was known as Boletus kluzakii. Recent changes in the phylogenetic framework of the family Boletaceae prompted the transfer of this species, along with several other related boletes, including Caloboletus calopus, to the genus Caloboletus. It was described scientifically in 2006 by Josef Šutara and Pavel Špinar, from specimens collected in the Czech Republic. The fungus had earlier been published with the name Boletus fallax by Czech mycologist Zdeněk Kluzák in 1988, but this was invalid, as that name had been used previously by E.J.H. Corner for a Malaysian bolete. The epithet honours Kluzák's contributions in describing the species.
