Campos Novos Dam

Campos Novos Dam
Campos Novos Dam
	Location of Campos Novos Dam in Brazil
Official name	Barragem de Campos Novos
Location	Campos Novos, SC, Brazil
Coordinates	27°36′15″S51°19′35″W / 27.60417°S 51.32639°W Coordinates: 27°36′15″S51°19′35″W / 27.60417°S 51.32639°W
Construction began	August 2001
Opening date	July 2006
Construction cost	US$671 million
Operator(s)	Enercan
Dam and spillways
Type of dam	Rock-fill dam
Impounds	Canoas River
Height	202 m (663 ft)
Length	600 m (2,000 ft)
Power Station
Installed capacity	880 MW (1,180,000 hp)

Last updated March 17, 2019

The Campos Novos Dam (also known as Barragem de Campos Novos locally) is a hydroelectric dam in the Santa Catarina state in southern Brazil. In 2006, at 200 metres (660 ft) dam height, it was regarded^{[ who? ]} as the third highest^{[ citation needed ]} dam of this type (concrete-faced rock fill dam or CFRD) in the world, but, in June 2006, the water which it held back ran out following a break in the dam wall.

Santa Catarina is a state in the southern region of Brazil. According to the Index of Economic Well-Being calculated between 2002 and 2008, Santa Catarina was the Brazilian state that consistently showed the highest economic well-being in relation to any other state in Brazil.

Brazil, officially the Federative Republic of Brazil, is the largest country in both South America and Latin America. At 8.5 million square kilometers and with over 208 million people, Brazil is the world's fifth-largest country by area and the fifth most populous. Its capital is Brasília, and its most populated city is São Paulo. The federation is composed of the union of the 26 states, the Federal District, and the 5,570 municipalities. It is the largest country to have Portuguese as an official language and the only one in the Americas; it is also one of the most multicultural and ethnically diverse nations, due to over a century of mass immigration from around the world.

Ownership and construction

Campos Novos' 35 years build and operate concession was awarded in 1998. It is owned by Campos Novos Energia S.A. ("Enercan"), a consortium made up of Brazilian power company CPFL Energia (formerly Companhia Paulista de Força e Luz) with 48.7%, Brazilian aluminum maker Companhia Brasileira de Aluminio (CBA) with 22.7%, metallurgy company Companhia Niquel Tocantins (CNT) with 20%, state-controlled companies Companhia Estadual de Energia Elétrica ^{[ pt ]} (CEEE) with 6.5% and Centrais Elétricas de Santa Catarina S.A. ("Celesc") with 2%.

CPFL Energia is the second largest non state-owned group of electric energy generation and distribution in Brazil and the third biggest Brazilian electric utility company, after Eletrobras and Energisa. The corporation is composed by CPFL Brasil, CPFL Piratininga, CPFL Paulista, CPFL Geração, CPFL Renováveis, Rio Grande Energia (RGE) and SEMESA. Each of these companies operates as a holding company that owns dozens of other companies. Its headquarters are located in Campinas, the third largest city in state of São Paulo.

Companhia Brasileira de Aluminio CBA is the largest aluminium producer in Brazil having a total annual production of around 480,000 tonnes.

Celesc is the electricity utility for the southern Brazilian state of Santa Catarina. In 2014 the company had around 2.6-million customers and sold around 23.3 TWh of electricity. It generates power from 16 plants, all of them hydroelectric, with installed capacity of around 126MW. The company also owns some 5,100 km of distribution lines and a 148,164 km distribution network. Celesc is headquartered in the Santa Catarina capital of Florianópolis.

The dam builder was a consortium led by Brazilian construction company Camargo Corrêa and engineering consultants Engevix ^{[ pt ]}. Funding is by the Inter-American Development Bank and state-owned Brazilian Development Bank.

Camargo Corrêa is one of the biggest Brazilian private conglomerates, composed of publicly traded and closed companies, and shared management, operating in Brazil and in more than 20 countries. The company was founded in 1939 by Sebastião Camargo in the city of Jaú, in the interior of the State of Sao Paulo but now is headquartered in São Paulo. Camargo's widow Dirce Camargo was a major shareholder until her death in 2013, with a net worth of $11.5 billion.

The Inter-American Development Bank is the largest source of development financing for Latin America and the Caribbean. Established in 1959, the IDB supports Latin American and Caribbean economic development, social development and regional integration by lending to governments and government agencies, including State corporations.

The National Bank for Economic and Social Development is a federal public company associated with the Ministry of Development, Industry, and Trade of Brazil. The stated goal is to provide long-term financing for endeavors that contribute to the country's development. BNDES is one of the largest development banks in the world. Its non-performing loan ratio is also less favorable (2.2%) compared to the CDB's that stands below 1%.

Cracks

A major break caused the water to begin to run out, after a tunnel collapsed on 20 June 2006. The exact reasons for the cracking were unknown in July 2006, however it has been revealed that patches were begun on another tunnel in October 2005 before the recent tunnel failure.^[1]^[2]

Since the dam failure, a full inquiry for the reasons behind the cracks has been done, and a time-line of the dam's progression towards failure has been completed.^[3] Following this discovery, hidden by the partners of the project, it appeared that these companies had maltreated the local populations. An investigation into the human rights violations was launched by United Nations Organisation.^[2]

Camargo Corrêa re-plugged the tunnels in November 2006 and the reservoir was refilled by 1 March 2007. The last of the three generators went on-line on 30 April 2007.

Gallery

Detour of the Canoas River, April 2005
3 pipes on the left to the turbines, 4 water outlets on the right, April 2005
inside the future storage lake, 3 months before damming
storage lake, March 2008
lower side of the power station, March 2008
March 2008

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References

↑ Enormous new dam fails in Brazil, New Scientist , 2006-07-08
1 2 Giant cracks appear in new Brazilian dam, Environment News Service, 2006-06-29
↑ Inquiry and Timeline Archived 2011-06-14 at the Wayback Machine

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[1] Enormous new dam fails in Brazil, New Scientist , 2006-07-08

[ens-newswire.com-2] 1 2 Giant cracks appear in new Brazilian dam, Environment News Service, 2006-06-29

[3] Inquiry and Timeline Archived 2011-06-14 at the Wayback Machine