Capture of Touggourt (1871)

Last updated
Capture of Touggourt
Part of Mokrani Revolt and French conquest of Algeria
Cherif Bouchoucha.png
Cherif Bouchoucha
Date14 - 15 May 1871
Location
Result Algerian victory
Belligerents

Resistance of Bouchoucha
lnSr bn shhr@.jpg Resistance of Benchohra

  • Chaamba tribe
Flag of France.svg France
Commanders and leaders
Cherif Bouchoucha
lnSr bn shhr@.jpg Bennacer Benchohra
Flag of France.svg Lieutenant Mousseli  
Flag of France.svg Sergant Basile  
Strength
Unknown 66 Tirailleurs
Casualties and losses
Unknown 62 Tirailleurs

The Capture of Touggourt was a military operation carried out by the Chaamba tribe against the city of Touggourt during the Mokrani Revolt, in which the French garrison of the city and its commander were massacred. It occurred from May 14 to 15 1871.

Contents

Background

Bouchoucha was a simple Algerian shepherd who got in trouble with the French for stealing. He managed to escape to Ain Salah, where he joined forces with a tribe called Chaamba, led by Bennacer Benchohra, with them they started a resistance, capturing N’Goussa on 5 March 1871 [1] before attacking Ouargla somewhere in March of the same year. [2] their main enemy was a certain Ali Bey, Agha of Touggourt [3] under the French, who had captured the city in 1854, After Ali recognized their authority. [4] After that, they head to the French controlled Touggourt to Capture it, joined by the Chaamba leader Benchohra. [5]

Battle

The city had 66 French Tirailleurs and 2 Sergeants, led by the Indigenous Lieutenant Mousseli. Mousseli was known for his military strength but lacked intelligence and didn't make much effort to defend the city, even when he knew Bouchoucha was approaching, When Bouchoucha reached the walls of Touggourt on the morning of May 14th, he saw that the doors had been opened by some supporters. Without wasting any time, he took control of the city. Heading to the Casbah, he found a small garrison and even Ali-Bey’s parents there. Bouchoucha's crew attacked the garrison, and during the chaos, the French Sergeant Basile was killed right at the start of the fight. This made Mousseli realize that he had already lost 6 out of his 66 Tirailleurs. Mousseli received an anonymous letter advising him to evacuate the citadel and head north with his army, where Bouchoucha supposedly wouldn't follow. He followed the advice and left on May 15th, but they hadn't even gone 5 kilometers from the city when they realized they were surrounded by Cherif’s Touggourtian crew. Mousseli was one of the first to be killed, and the garrison was massacred, with only 4 Tirailleurs managing to escape. Meanwhile, Ali-Bey’s parents were left completely abandoned by the city garrison in the Casbah. They fought fiercely against Cherif, but when they learned of Mousseli’s death, they surrendered to Bouchoucha. Later, they were handed over to Bouchoucha’s newest Khalifa, Bounchemal ben Goubi. [5] [4]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Regency of Algiers</span> 1516–1830 Autonomous Ottoman State in North Africa

The Regency of Algiers was an early modern tributary state of the Ottoman Empire on the Barbary Coast of North Africa from 1516 to 1830. Founded by the corsair brothers Oruç and Hayreddin Barbarossa, the regency was a formidable pirate base infamous for its corsairs, first ruled by Ottoman viceroys, and later a sovereign military republic that plundered and waged maritime holy war against Christian powers.

Abul Amlak Moulay Sharif ibn 'Ali was an Arab Emir of Tafilalt from 1631 to 1636. He was a sharif whose family claimed to be descended from the Islamic prophet Muhammad through his grandson Hasan. Moulay Sharif is considered to be the founder of the Alaouite Dynasty of Morocco for being the father of Sidi Muhammad, Al-Rashid of Morocco, and Ismail Ibn Sharif.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Senegalese Tirailleurs</span> Colonial infantry in the French Army

The Senegalese Tirailleurs were a corps of colonial infantry in the French Army. They were initially recruited from Senegal, French West Africa and subsequently throughout Western, Central and Eastern Africa: the main sub-Saharan regions of the French colonial empire. The noun tirailleur, which translates variously as 'skirmisher', 'rifleman', or 'sharpshooter', was a designation given by the French Army to indigenous infantry recruited in the various colonies and overseas possessions of the French Empire during the 19th and 20th centuries.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ahmed Bey ben Mohamed Chérif</span>

Ahmed Bey ben Mohamed Sherif, also known as Ahmed Bey or Hadj Ahmed Bey was the last bey of Constantine in the Regency of Algiers, ruling from 1826 to 1848. He was the successor of Mohamed Menamenni Bey ben Khan. As head of state, he led the local population in a fierce resistance to the French occupation forces. With the position vacant, in 1833 he adopted the title of leader of Algeria, and dey in exile، although this was not recognized by any other country. In 1837 Constantine was taken by the French after an intense siege. He retreated into the Aurès Mountains from where he continued to wage a low-intensity conflict with tribes still loyal to him, until he capitulated in 1848.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Igawawen</span> Ethnic group

Igawawen or Gawawa, mostly known as Zwawa were a group of Kabyle tribes inhabiting the Djurdjura mountains, Greater Kabylia, in Algeria, whose most famous and strongest confederations were those of the Aït Betrun, the Aït Iraten, and the Aït Mengellat, and are divided into various tribes, and the tribes themselves are divided into many villages. The Zouaoua are a branch of the Kutama tribe of the Baranis Berbers.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Kingdom of Beni Abbas</span> 1510–1872, Kabyle Berber state in North Africa

The Kingdom of the Ait Abbas or Sultanate of the Beni Abbas was a Kabyle, Berber state of North Africa, then a fief and a principality, controlling Lesser Kabylie and its surroundings from the sixteenth century to the nineteenth century. It is referred to in the Spanish historiography as "reino de Labes"; sometimes more commonly referred to by its ruling family, the Mokrani, in Berber At Muqran. Its capital was the Kalâa of Ait Abbas, an impregnable citadel in the Biban mountain range.

Dhouaouda is an Arab tribe that lives mainly in the high plains in eastern Algeria. They primarily live around Biskra and Constantine.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Paul Flatters</span> French soldier (1832-1881)

Paul Flatters was a French soldier who spent a long period as a military administrator in Algeria. He is known as leader of the Flatters expedition, an ill-fated attempt to explore the route of a proposed Trans-Saharan railway from Algeria to the Sudan. Almost all members of the expedition were massacred by hostile Tuaregs. The survivors resorted to eating grass and to cannibalism on the long retreat through the desert. After a brief outburst of public indignation the fiasco was forgotten.

The first Médéa expedition, also known as the Atlas expedition of 1830 was a military expedition conducted by the Kingdom of France against the remnants of the Deylik of Algiers, the Beylik of Titteri and the local resistance led by Mohamed ben Zaamoum. It began on 17 November 1830 and ended eight in early December.

The Battle of Chelif or Battle of Djidouia took place on 28 April 1701 on the banks of the Chelif River. It was fought between the armies of the Alaouite Sultan Ismail Ibn Sharif and those of the Regency of Algiers commanded by the Bey of Mascara, Mustapha Bouchelaghem. It took place in the context of an attempt by the Alaouites to conquer the west of the Regency of Algiers, coordinated with an offensive by Tunis on the east of the Regency of Algiers in 1700 and 1701.

Zawiyet Sidi Amar Cherif, or Zawiyet Sidi Daoud, is a zawiya school located in Boumerdès Province in Algeria.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Battle of the Col des Beni Aïcha (1846)</span>

The Battle of the Col des Beni Aïcha (1846) or Battle of Thénia (1846), which broke out on 3 February 1846, was a battle of the French conquest of Algeria between the Algerian rebels, and the France, which was the colonial power in the region since 1830.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">First Assault of Dellys</span>

The First Assault of Dellys in May 1837, during the French conquest of Algeria, opposed the troupes coloniales under Corvette captain Félix-Ariel d'Assigny (1794–1846) to the resistance fighters of the town of Dellys in Kabylia of the Igawawen.

The Shipwreck of Dellys took place in May 1830, during the French conquest of Algeria. It involved French troupes coloniales, under captains Félix-Ariel d'Assigny (1794-1846) and Armand Joseph Bruat (1796-1855), who were captured by the resistance fighters of the town of Dellys in Kabylia of the Igawawen.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Second Assault of Dellys</span> 1844 French assault in Algeria

The Second Assault of Dellys was an assault by troupes coloniales under General Thomas Robert Bugeaud (1784–1849) against the Algerian resistance fighters in the town of Dellys, Kabylia of the Igawawen. It was part of the French conquest of Algeria and took place in April–May 1844.

Mohamed ben Zamoum was a Kabyle marabout who participated in the Algerian resistance against the French conquest of Algeria.

Brahim Boushaki, was an Algerian Scholar, Imam and Sufi Sheikh. He was born in the village of Soumâa near the town of Thénia 53 km east of Algiers. He was raised in a very spiritual environment within Zawiyet Sidi Boushaki with high Islamic values and ethics. He had great interpersonal skills and devoted his entire life in service of Islam and Algeria according to the Algerian Islamic reference.

Mustapha Bouchelaghem, also known as Bey Bouchelaghem was the Bey of the Western Beylik from 1686 to 1734/37.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Tunisian–Algerian War (1694)</span> Conflict between Regency of Tunis and Deylik of Algiers (1694)

The Tunisian–Algerian war of 1694 was a conflict between the Deylik of Algiers, and the Regency of Tunis.

The Constantine campaign was launched by Bey of Tunis Murad III Bey in 1699 to capture the Beylik of Constantine, situated in the east of the Deylik of Algiers.

References

  1. Le Muséon (in French). Société des lettres et des sciences. 1892.
  2. Le Chatelier, Les Medaganat, archives des services des affaires indigènes, GGA, Alger, 1888.
  3. Louis Rinn, Histoire de l'insurrection de 1871 en Algérie,, Alger, Librairie Adolphe Jourdan, 1891.
  4. 1 2 Bernard Nantet, Le Sahara : Histoire, guerres et conquêtes, op. cit., p. 187.
  5. 1 2 Garrot, Henri (1910). Histoire générale de l'Algérie (in French). Impr. P. Crescenzo.