Celeriac | |
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Genus | Apium |
Species | Apium graveolens |
Cultivar group | Celeriac Group |
Cultivar group members |
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Celeriac (Apium graveolens var. rapaceum), also called celery root, [1] knob celery, [2] and turnip-rooted celery [3] (although it is not a close relative of the turnip), is a variety of celery cultivated for its edible stem or hypocotyl, and shoots. Celeriac is like a root vegetable except it has a bulbous hypocotyl with many small roots attached.
Celeriac is widely cultivated in the Mediterranean Basin and in Northern Europe. [4] [3] It is also but less commonly cultivated in North Africa, Siberia, Southwest Asia, and North America. [4] [5] In North America, the 'Diamant' cultivar predominates.
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Wild celery (Apium graveolens var. graveolens), from which both celeriac and celery derive, originated in the Mediterranean Basin. [4] It was mentioned in the Iliad [6] and Odyssey [7] [8] as selinon. [notes 1] Celeriac was grown as a medicinal crop in some early civilizations. [7] [9] Celery contains a plant compound called apigenin, which was used in traditional Chinese medicine as an anti-inflammatory agent. [10]
Typically, celeriac is harvested when its hypocotyl is 10 to 14 centimetres (4 to 5+1⁄2 inches) in diameter. [5] However, a growing trend (specifically in South American cuisine, particularly Peruvian) is to use the immature vegetable, valued for its intensity of flavour and tenderness overall. It is edible raw or cooked, and tastes similar to the leaf stalks of common celery cultivars but with a different texture. Celeriac may be roasted, stewed, or blanched, and may be mashed. Sliced celeriac is used as an ingredient in soups, casseroles, and other savory dishes. The leaves (both the stalks and the blades) of the vegetable are also quite flavoursome, and aesthetically delicate and vibrant, which has led to their use as a garnish in contemporary fine dining.[ citation needed ]
The shelf life of celeriac is approximately six to eight months if stored between 0 and 5 °C (32 and 41 °F), and not allowed to dry out. [11] However, the vegetable will tend to rot through the centre if the finer stems surrounding the base are left attached. The centre of celeriac becomes hollow as it ages, though even freshly harvested celeriacs can have a small medial hollow. [11] The freshness will also be obvious from the taste; the older it is, the weaker the celery flavour.[ citation needed ]
Nutritional value per 100 g (3.5 oz) | |
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Energy | 176 kJ (42 kcal) |
9.2 g | |
Sugars | 1.6 g |
Dietary fiber | 1.8 g |
0.3 g | |
1.5 g | |
Vitamins | Quantity %DV† |
Thiamine (B1) | 4% 0.05 mg |
Riboflavin (B2) | 5% 0.06 mg |
Niacin (B3) | 4% 0.7 mg |
Pantothenic acid (B5) | 7% 0.352 mg |
Vitamin B6 | 10% 0.165 mg |
Vitamin C | 9% 8 mg |
Vitamin K | 34% 41 μg |
Minerals | Quantity %DV† |
Calcium | 3% 43 mg |
Iron | 4% 0.7 mg |
Magnesium | 5% 20 mg |
Manganese | 7% 0.158 mg |
Phosphorus | 9% 115 mg |
Potassium | 10% 300 mg |
Sodium | 4% 100 mg |
Zinc | 3% 0.33 mg |
Other constituents | Quantity |
Water | 88 g |
†Percentages estimated using US recommendations for adults, [12] except for potassium, which is estimated based on expert recommendation from the National Academies. [13] |
Celery is a marshland plant in the family Apiaceae that has been cultivated as a vegetable since ancient times. Celery has a long fibrous stalk tapering into leaves. Depending on location and cultivar, either its stalks, leaves or hypocotyl are eaten and used in cooking. Celery seed powder is used as a spice.
Kohlrabi, also called German turnip or turnip cabbage, is a biennial vegetable, a low, stout cultivar of wild cabbage. It is a cultivar of the same species as cabbage, broccoli, cauliflower, kale, Brussels sprouts, collard greens, Savoy cabbage, and gai lan.
Parsley, or garden parsley is a species of flowering plant in the family Apiaceae that is native to Greece, Morocco and the former Yugoslavia. It has been introduced and naturalized in Europe and elsewhere in the world with suitable climates, and is widely cultivated as a herb, and a vegetable.
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Apium is a genus of about 20 species of flowering plants in the family Apiaceae, with a subcosmopolitan distribution in Europe, Asia, Africa, South America and Australia. They are medium to tall biennials or perennials growing up to 1 m high in the wet soil of marshes and salt marshes, and have pinnate to bipinnate leaves and small white flowers in compound umbels. Some species are edible, notably Apium graveolens, which includes the commercially important vegetables celery, celeriac and Chinese celery. Apium bermejoi from the island of Menorca is one of the rarest plants in Europe, with fewer than 100 individuals left.
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