Until the military coup of March 22,2012 and a second military coup in December 2012 the politics of Mali took place in a framework of a semi-presidential representative democratic republic,whereby the President of Mali is head of state with a Presidentially appointed Prime Minister as the head of government,and of a multi-party system.
Modibo Keïta was a Malian politician who served as the first President of Mali from 1960 to 1968. He espoused a form of African socialism. He was deposed in a coup d'état in 1968 by Moussa Traoré.
Ibrahim Boubacar Keïta,often known by his initials IBK,was a Malian politician who served as the president of Mali from September 2013 to August 2020,when he was forced to resign in the 2020 Malian coup d'état. He served as Mali's prime minister from February 1994 to February 2000 and as president of the National Assembly of Mali from September 2002 to September 2007.
Stade Malien is a Malian professional football and sports club based in Bamako. One of the two dominant clubs of Malian football,their eastern Bamako training grounds host other sports as well,including a successful basketball club.
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Dioncounda Traoré is a Malian politician who was President of Mali in an interim capacity from April 2012 to September 2013. Previously he was President of the National Assembly of Mali from 2007 to 2012,and he served as Minister of Foreign Affairs from 1994 to 1997. He was President of the Alliance for Democracy in Mali-African Party for Solidarity and Justice (ADEMA-PASJ) beginning in 2000,and he was also President of the Alliance for Democracy and Progress (ADP),an alliance of parties that supported the re-election of President Amadou Toumani Touréin 2007.
CisséMariam Kaïdama Sidibé was a Malian politician and the Prime Minister of Mali at the time of the 2012 Malian coup d'état. She was the first female prime minister in the country's history. She was announced to the position by decree on 3 April 2011,replacing Modibo Sidibé. She held the position for slightly less than a year under the presidency of Amadou Toumani Tourébefore she was removed from office in the 22 March 2012 coup.
Presidential elections were held in Mali on 28 July 2013,with a second round run-off held on 11 August. Ibrahim Boubacar Keïta defeated Soumaïla Cisséin the run-off to become the new President of Mali.
The 2012 Malian coup d'état began on 21 March that year,when mutinying Malian soldiers,displeased with the management of the Tuareg rebellion,attacked several locations in the capital Bamako,including the presidential palace,state television,and military barracks. The soldiers,who said they had formed the National Committee for the Restoration of Democracy and State,declared the following day that they had overthrown the government of Amadou Toumani Touré,forcing him into hiding. The coup was followed by "unanimous" international condemnation,harsh sanctions by Mali's neighbors,and the swift loss of northern Mali to Tuareg forces,leading Reuters to describe the coup as "a spectacular own-goal". On 6 April,the junta agreed with Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) negotiators that they would step down from power in return for the end of sanctions,giving power to a transitional government led by parliament speaker Dioncounda Traoré. In the following days,both Touréand coup leader Amadou Sanogo formally resigned;however,as of 16 May,the junta was still "widely thought to have maintained overall control". On 3 December 2013,a mass grave was discovered in Diago holding the remains of 21 soldiers that went missing the year before,loyal to the ousted president.
Amadou Haya Sanogo is a Malian military officer who was leader of the 2012 Malian coup d'état against President Amadou Toumani Touré. He proclaimed himself the leader of the National Committee for Recovering Democracy and Restoring the State (CNRDRE). Sanogo was also said to be involved in the arrest and resignation of acting Prime Minister Cheick Modibo Diarra in December 2012,leading to the appointment of civil servant Django Sissoko as Prime Minister. According to Human Rights Watch,Sanogo’s forces were implicated in serious human rights abuses including torture,sexual abuse,and intimidation against journalists and family members of detained soldiers.
Django Sissoko was a Malian civil servant who was Prime Minister of Mali from December 2012 to September 2013. He was Minister of Justice from 1984 to 1988 and subsequently served twice as Secretary-General of the Presidency,from 1988 to 1991 and from 2008 to 2011. He also served as Ombudsman from 2011 to 2012.
The 26 March 1991 Malian coup d'état resulted in the overthrow of President Moussa Traoréafter over two decades of dictatorship and eventually led to multi-party elections.
Kafougouna Koné was a Malian politician,diplomat and military officer. He served as Minister of Defense from 1991 to 1992 during the country's transition to democracy.
The 1968 Malian coup d'état was a bloodless military coup in Mali staged on 19 November 1968 against the government of President Modibo Keïta. The coup was led by Lieutenant Moussa Traoré,who then became the head of state.
On 18 August 2020,elements of the Malian Armed Forces began a mutiny,and subsequently undertook a coup d'état. Soldiers on pick-up trucks stormed the Soundiata military base in the town of Kati,where gunfire was exchanged before weapons were distributed from the armory and senior officers arrested. Tanks and armoured vehicles were seen on the town's streets,as well as military trucks heading for the capital,Bamako. The soldiers detained several government officials including President Ibrahim Boubacar Keïta,who resigned and dissolved the government. This was the country's second coup in less than 10 years,following the 2012 coup d'état. On a subregional level,the coup also marked an end to a period of nearly six years,since the 2014 Burkina Faso uprising and the ousting of Burkina Faso's President Blaise Compaoré,during which there was not a single undemocratic change of government in West Africa. For this subregion,where many countries have a history of civil war and violent conflict,this was a period of remarkable stability,during which ECOWAS even managed to find a peaceful resolution to the 2016–2017 Gambian constitutional crisis.
Bah Ndaw is a Malian retired military officer and politician who served as the president of Mali between 25 September 2020 and 24 May 2021 when he was overthrown during the 2021 Malian coup d'état. Between May 2014 and January 2015 he was Minister of Defense.
Events in the year 2021 in Mali.
The 2021 Malian coup d'état began on the night of 24 May 2021 when the Malian Army led by Vice President Assimi Goïta captured President Bah N'daw,Prime Minister Moctar Ouane and Minister of Defence Souleymane Doucouré. Assimi Goïta,the head of the junta that led the 2020 Malian coup d'état,announced that N'daw and Ouane were stripped of their powers and that new elections would be held in 2022. It is the country's third coup d'état in ten years,following the 2012 and 2020 military takeovers,with the latter having happened only nine months earlier.
Colonel Sadio Camara is a Malian military officer currently serving as Minister of Defence,who took active part in the 2020 Malian coup d'état along with Colonel Assimi Goïta that ousted the government of Ibrahim Boubacar Keïta.
