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Sierra Leone,officially the Republic of Sierra Leone,informally Salone,is a country on the southwest coast of West Africa. It is bordered by Liberia to the southeast and Guinea to the northeast. Sierra Leone has a tropical climate with a diverse environment ranging from savanna to rainforests,a total area of 71,740 km2 (27,699 sq mi) and a population of 7,092,113 as of the 2015 census. The capital and largest city is Freetown. The country is divided into five administrative regions which are subdivided into sixteen districts. Sierra Leone is a constitutional republic with a unicameral parliament and a directly elected president serving a five-year term with a maximum of two terms. Sierra Leone is a Muslim-majority country at approximately 78%,though with an influential Christian minority at about 21%. Muslims and Christians in Sierra Leone are extremely tolerant of each other,and all the major Muslim and Christian holidays are officially national holidays in the country. Sierra Leone gained independence from the United Kingdom on 27 April 1961,and became a member of the Commonwealth of Nations on the same day. Sir Milton Margai became the country's first Prime Minister.
Sierra Leone first became inhabited by indigenous African peoples at least 2,500 years ago.The Limba were the first tribe known to inhabit Sierra Leone. The dense tropical rainforest partially isolated the region from other West African cultures,and it became a refuge for peoples escaping violence and jihads. Sierra Leone was named by Portuguese explorer Pedro de Sintra,who mapped the region in 1462. The Freetown estuary provided a good natural harbour for ships to shelter and replenish drinking water,and gained more international attention as coastal and trans-Atlantic trade supplanted trans-Saharan trade.
Siaka Probyn Stevens was the leader of Sierra Leone from 1967 to 1985,serving as Prime Minister from 1967 to 1971 and as President from 1971 to 1985. Stevens' leadership was often characterized by patrimonial rule and self-indulgence,consolidating power by means of corruption and exploitation.
Julius Maada Bio is a Sierra Leonean politician,and the current president of Sierra Leone since April 4,2018. He is a retired brigadier general in the Sierra Leone Army and was the military head of state of Sierra Leone from January 16,1996,to March 29,1996,in a military Junta government known as the NPRC. As the candidate of the main opposition Sierra Leone People's Party,Bio defeated Samura Kamara of the ruling All People's Congress in the runoff vote of the 2018 Sierra Leone presidential election with 51.8% of the votes to Kamara's 48.2%. International and local observers declared the election free and fair. Bio succeeded Ernest Bai Koroma as president. As the main opposition leader,Bio was a critic of his predecessor president Ernest Bai Koroma and his administration. As president,Bio has overturned most of the policies of Ernest Bai Koroma,whom he accuses of corruption,and the two men rarely speak to each other.
Charles Francis Kondo Margai is a Sierra Leonean politician and constitutional lawyer who served as Attorney General and Minister of Justice of Sierra Leone in 2018.
Sir Desmond Edgar Fashole Luke was a former politician and lawyer in Sierra Leone. Luke served as foreign minister (1973–75),Minister of Health (1977–78),and ambassador to the West Germany (1969–73),France (1971–73) and the European Economic Community (1971–73) at various points in his political career. Luke competed in the 1996 presidential election against several other candidates,eventually losing to current President Ahmed Tejan Kabbah after only receiving 1.1% of the vote in the initial round of voting. In March 1998,Luke was appointed to replace Samuel Beccles-Davies as Chief Justice of the Supreme Court. Luke retired from that position in 2002. He was an alumnus of Cambridge University and Oxford University. Luke was a strong supporter of Kabbah's government-in-exile after the 1997 coup by Johnny Paul Koroma.
Ernest Bai Koroma is a Sierra Leonean politician who served as the fourth President of Sierra Leone from 17 September 2007 to 4 April 2018.
General elections were held in Sierra Leone on 11 August 2007. Seven candidates competed in the first round of the presidential election;no candidate received the necessary 55% of the vote to win in the first round,and a second round was held between the top two candidates,Ernest Bai Koroma of the All People's Congress (APC) and Solomon Berewa of the Sierra Leone People's Party (SLPP),on 8 September. According to official results,Koroma won the election with 54.6% of the vote.
Sorie Ibrahim Koroma commonly known as S.I. Koroma was a Sierra Leonean politician,labor activist,and one of the founding members of the All People's Congress political party. He served as first Vice President of Sierra Leone from April 19,1971 to retirement on November 28,1985 under president Siaka Stevens.
Sia Nyama Koroma is Sierra Leonean biochemist and psychiatric nurse. She served as First Lady of Sierra Leone from 17 September 2007 - 4 April 2018. She is the wife of Ernest Bai Koroma,the 4th President of Sierra Leone.
Mabinty Daramy is a Sierra Leonean politician. She was a deputy minister in President Ernest Bai Koroma's cabinet during both his terms and is currently the Ambassador to the Republic of Guinea.
Paramount Chief Ella Koblo Gulama OBE,GCOR was a Sierra Leonean paramount chief and politician. In 1957,she became the first elected female Member of Parliament in Sierra Leone. She was re-elected in 1962. During the government of Milton Margai,Gulama became Sierra Leone and sub-Saharan Africa's first female Cabinet Minister.
Bai Koblo Pathbana II, was a paramount chief and politician in Lunsar,Port Loko District,Sierra Leone. He was crowned the 43rd Paramount Chief of Marampa-Masimera Chiefdom in 1943.
Samura Mathew Wilson Kamara is a Sierra Leonean politician and economist. He was the All Peoples Congress (APC) Party's nominee for President of Sierra Leone in the 2018 election. He was the Minister of Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation of Sierra Leone from 2012 to 2017,Minister of Finance and Economic Development from 2009 to 2013,Governor of the Bank of Sierra Leone from 2007 to 2009,Financial Secretary in the Ministry of Finance during President Ahmad Tejan Kabbah's administration.
Mandinka people of Sierra Leone is a major ethnic group in Sierra Leone and a branch of the Mandinka people of West Africa. Most Sierra Leonean Mandingo are the direct descendants of Mandinka settlers from Guinea,who settled in the north and eastern part of Sierra Leone,beginning in the late 1870s to the 1890s under the rule of prominent Mandinka Muslim cleric Samori Ture. Also later a significantly large population of Mandinka from Guinea migrated and settled in Eastern Sierra Leone and Northern Sierra Leone in the early to mid 20th century. The Mandingo people of Sierra Leone have a very close friendly and allies relationship with their neighbors the Mandingo people of Guinea and Liberia,as they share pretty much identical dialect of the Mandingo language,tradition,culture and food.
In April 1961,Sierra Leone became politically independent of Great Britain. It retained a parliamentary system of government and was a member of the British Commonwealth of Nations. The Sierra Leone People's Party (SLPP),led by Sir Milton Margai were victorious in the first general election under universal adult franchise in May 1962. Upon Sir Milton's death in 1964,his half-brother,Sir Albert Margai,succeeded him as Prime Minister. Sir Albert attempted to establish a one-party state had the ready cooperation of the opposition All People' Congress but met fierce resistance from some cadre within his party Sierra Leone People's Party (SLPP) and ultimately abandoned the idea.
Sierra Leone,officially the Republic of Sierra Leone,is a Constitutional Republic in West Africa. Since it was founded in 1787,the women in Sierra Leone have been a major influence in the political and economic development of the nation.
Abdulai Hamid Charm is a Sierra Leonean judge,who was formerly the Chief Justice of Sierra Leone until his resignation in December 2018.
India–Sierra Leone relations refers to the international relations that exist between India and Sierra Leone. India maintains a High Commission in Freetown. Sierra Leone does not have a resident diplomatic mission in India. The Sierra Leonean embassy in Abu Dhabi,United Arab Emirates is accredited to India.
Richard Konteh is a Sierra Leonean educator,public servant,and a businessman.
References
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Michael Davies-Venn (17 October 2007). "Sierra Leone's Chief National Electoral Commissioner Dr. Christiana Thorpe". Worldpress. Retrieved 17 November 2012.
- 1 2 "President Koroma's Cabinet: 13 March 2016 to Present". sierra-leone.org.
- 1 2 Lansana Fofana (31 March 2016). "MPs Grill Christiana Thorpe". globaltimes-sl.com.
- 1 2 Kemo Cham (14 March 2016). "Sierra Leone President overhauls government". africareview.com.
- 1 2 Lansana Fofanah (6 April 2016). "Why Christiana Thorpe Was Not Approved". globaltimes-si.com.
- 1 2 3 Umaru Fofana (21 August 2007). "The ex-nun running Sierra Leone's polls". BBC News.
- 1 2 3 4 Miller, Whitney McIntyre; Wundah, Michael (2015). "Peace Profile: Christiana Thorpe". Peace Review . 27 (4): 515–521. doi:10.1080/10402659.2015.1094347. S2CID 146503956.
- 1 2 3 4 5 Taylor-Pearce, Modupe; James, Brian (10 October 2014). How I Made It: Striking Sustainable Success In Sierra Leone. Lulu Publishing Services. pp. 66–. ISBN 9781483419091.
- 1 2 "Forging ahead for free and equal elections". UN Women. 31 August 2015.
- 1 2 3 "Christiana Thorpe". Joan B. Kroc Institute for Peace and Justice. Archived from the original on 2016-11-09. Retrieved 2016-11-09.
- ↑ Dr. Sylvia Olayinka Blyden, OOR (24 August 2012). "What about Civilians in Sierra Leone's NPRC Military Junta? - A Look at Opposition Browbeating to Silence Bio's Critics". Awareness Times. Archived from the original on 16 November 2012. Retrieved 17 November 2012.
- ↑ Bangura, Joseph J.; Mustapha, Marda (29 April 2016). Democratization and Human Security in Postwar Sierra Leone. Palgrave Macmillan US. pp. 113–. ISBN 9781137486745.
- ↑ "Women's Commission for Refugee Women and Children: Annual Report 2006" (PDF). Women’s Commission for Refugee Women and Children.
- ↑ "IFES Presents the Joe Baxter Award to Dr. Christiana Thorpe". International Foundation for Electoral Systems. 20 November 2014.