Upskirting or upskirt photography is the practice of taking nonconsensual photographs under a person's skirt or kilt,capturing an image of the crotch area,underwear,and sometimes genitalia. An "upskirt" is a photograph,video,or illustration which incorporates such an image,although the term may also be used to refer to the area of the body inside a skirt,usually from below and while being worn.
Sex-positive feminism, also known as pro-sex feminism,sex-radical feminism, or sexually liberal feminism, is a feminist movement centering on the idea that sexual freedom is an essential component of women's freedom. They oppose legal or social efforts to control sexual activities between consenting adults,whether they are initiated by the government,other feminists,opponents of feminism,or any other institution. They embrace sexual minority groups,endorsing the value of coalition-building with marginalized groups. Sex-positive feminism is connected with the sex-positive movement. Sex-positive feminism brings together anti-censorship activists,LGBT activists,feminist scholars,producers of pornography and erotica,among others. Sex-positive feminists generally agree that prostitutes themselves should not be criminalized.
Rape pornography is a subgenre of pornography involving the description or depiction of rape. Such pornography either involves simulated rape,wherein sexually consenting adults feign rape,or it involves actual rape. Victims of actual rape may be coerced to feign consent such that the pornography produced deceptively appears as simulated rape or non-rape pornography. The depiction of rape in non-pornographic media is not considered rape pornography. Simulated scenes of rape and other forms of sexual violence have appeared in mainstream cinema,including rape and revenge films,almost since its advent.
Pornography has been dominated by a few pan-European producers and distributors,the most notable of which is the Private Media Group that successfully claimed the position previously held by Color Climax Corporation in the early 1990s. Most European countries also have local pornography producers,from Portugal to Serbia,who face varying levels of competition with international producers. The legal status of pornography varies widely in Europe;its production and distribution are illegal in countries such as Ukraine,Belarus and Bulgaria,while Hungary has liberal pornography laws.
Jane Longhurst was a British special-needs teacher and musician who was murdered by Graham Coutts on 14 March 2003. Longhurst's partly decomposed body was found burning in woodland in West Sussex on 19 April. Coutts,who was dating Longhurst's best friend,was a guitarist and part-time salesperson living in Brighton.
Internet censorship in the United Kingdom is conducted under a variety of laws,judicial processes,administrative regulations and voluntary arrangements. It is achieved by blocking access to sites as well as the use of laws that criminalise publication or possession of certain types of material. These include English defamation law,the Copyright law of the United Kingdom,regulations against incitement to terrorism and child pornography.
Section 63 of the Criminal Justice and Immigration Act 2008 is a law in the United Kingdom criminalising possession of what it refers to as "extreme pornographic images". The law came into force on 26 January 2009. The legislation was brought in following the murder of Jane Longhurst by a man who was said at the time of his trial to have had "extreme pornography" in his possession at the time of the death. The law has been more widely used than originally predicted,raising concerns as to whether the legislation is being used for prosecutions beyond the scope originally envisaged by parliament.
An obscenity is any utterance or act that strongly offends the prevalent morality and social politics of the time. It is derived from the Latin obscēnus,obscaenus,"boding ill;disgusting;indecent",of uncertain etymology. Such loaded language can be used to indicate strong moral repugnance and outrage,vile,vigilance in conservation,or revenge. In expressions such as "obscene profits" and "the obscenity of war," ;misdirection. As a legal term,it usually refers to graphic depictions of people engaged in sexual and excretory activity,and related utterances of profanity,or the exploited child,human being or situation on display. It may also relate to a fear quotient in the public area affecting trend.
Feminist views on pornography range from total condemnation of the medium as an inherent form of violence against women to an embracing of some forms as a medium of feminist expression. This debate reflects larger concerns surrounding feminist views on sexuality,and is closely related to those on prostitution,BDSM,and other issues. Pornography has been one of the most divisive issues in feminism,particularly in Anglophone (English-speaking) countries. This division was exemplified in the feminist sex wars of the 1980s,which pitted anti-pornography activists against pro-pornography ones.
There are a number of sexual offences under the law of England and Wales,the law of Scotland,and the law of Northern Ireland.
Child pornography is unlawful pornography in most jurisdictions that exploits minors for sexual stimulation. It may be produced with the direct involvement or sexual assault of a child or it may be simulated child pornography. Abuse of the child occurs during the sexual acts or lascivious exhibitions of genitals or pubic areas which are recorded in the production of child pornography. Child pornography may use a variety of mediums,including writings,magazines,photos,sculpture,drawing,painting,animation,sound recording,video,virtual reality and video games. Child pornography may be created for profit or other reasons.
Feminists Fighting Pornography was a political activist organization against pornography. It advocated for United States Federal legislation to allow lawsuits against the porn industry by women whose attackers were inspired by pornography. FFP was based in New York,N.Y.,was founded in 1983 or 1984,and dissolved in 1997.
Feminism Unmodified:Discourses on Life and Law is a 1987 book by feminist legal scholar Catharine A. MacKinnon. The book is a collection of essays by MacKinnon delivered during the 1980s,in which she makes a radical feminist critique of pornography and liberal feminism.
Nicole Westmarland is a British academic and activist in the area of violence against women. She is currently a professor at the University of Durham,where she researches rape,domestic violence and prostitution. With Geetanjali Gangoli,she has edited two books:International Approaches to Rape,and International Approaches to Prostitution:Law and Policy in Europe and Asia. Originally a taxi driver,Westmarland’s first publication focused upon security issues for female taxi drivers,following her finding that female drivers were significantly more likely to face sexual harassment from customers than their male counterparts.
Revenge porn is the distribution of sexually explicit images or videos of individuals without their consent. The material may have been made by a partner in an intimate relationship with the knowledge and consent of the subject at the time,or it may have been made without their knowledge. The subject may have experienced sexual violence during the recording of the material,in some cases facilitated by narcotics such as "date rape" drugs which also cause a reduced sense of pain and involvement in the sexual act,dissociative effects and amnesia. The possession of the material may be used by the perpetrators to blackmail the subjects into performing other sexual acts,to coerce them into continuing a relationship or to punish them for ending one,to silence them,to damage their reputation,and/or for financial gain. In the wake of civil lawsuits and the increasing numbers of reported incidents,legislation has been passed in a number of countries and jurisdictions to outlaw the practice,though approaches have varied and been changed over the years. The practice has also been described as a form of psychological abuse and domestic violence,as well as a form of sexual abuse.
Anastasia Powell is a feminist criminologist at RMIT University,Melbourne,Australia.
Cyberflashing involves sending obscene pictures to strangers online,often done through Bluetooth or AirDrop transfers between devices.
The Voyeurism (Offences) Act 2019 is an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom which amends the Sexual Offences Act 2003 to make upskirting a specific offence of voyeurism. The Act came into force on 12 April 2019.
Deepfake pornography,or simply fake pornography,is a type of synthetic porn that is created via altering already-existing pornographic material by applying deepfake technology to the faces of the actors. The use of deepfake porn has sparked controversy because it involves the making and sharing of realistic videos featuring non-consenting individuals,typically female celebrities,and is sometimes used for revenge porn. Efforts are being made to combat these ethical concerns through legislation and technology-based solutions.
Nobody's Victim:Fighting Psychos,Stalkers,Pervs,and Trolls is a 2019 book by Carrie Goldberg,co-written with Jeannine Amber. It describes incidents of sexual violence experienced by Goldberg's clients and herself,as well as other famous cases. The acts of violence include rape and sexual assault,revenge porn,"doxing","swatting","sextortion",and abusive messages. Goldberg categorizes perpetrators as "assholes","psychos","pervs" or "trolls" depending on their nature,though "assholes" was omitted in the book's subtitle to avoid profanity.
