Colombian white-faced capuchin

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Colombian white-faced capuchin
Cebus capucinus at the Bronx Zoo 001.jpg
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Mammalia
Order: Primates
Suborder: Haplorhini
Infraorder: Simiiformes
Family: Cebidae
Genus: Cebus
Species:
C. capucinus
Binomial name
Cebus capucinus
Cebus capucinus and imitator Range Map.png
Distributions of Cebus capucinus (red) [2] and Cebus imitator (blue). C. capucinus is found in eastern Panama as well as South America.

The Colombian white-faced capuchin (Cebus capucinus), also known as the Colombian white-headed capuchin or Colombian white-throated capuchin, is a medium-sized New World monkey of the family Cebidae, subfamily Cebinae. It is native to the extreme eastern portion of Panama and the extreme north-western portion of South America in western Colombia and northwestern Ecuador. [3]

The Colombian white-faced capuchin was one of the many species originally described by Carl Linnaeus in his landmark 1758 10th edition of Systema Naturae. [4] It is a member of the family Cebidae, the family of New World monkeys containing capuchin monkeys and squirrel monkeys. It is the type species for the genus Cebus , the genus that includes all the capuchin monkeys. [5]

Until the 21st century the Panamanian white-faced capuchin, Cebus imitator, was considered conspecific with the Colombian white-faced capuchin, as the subspecies C. capucinus imitator. [5] Some primatologists continue to consider the Panamanian and Colombian white-faced capuchins as a single species. [3] In 2012 a study by Boubli, et al demonstrated that C. imitator and C. capucinus split up to 2 million years ago. [6] [7] Although the Panamanian white-faced capuchin is the most well-studied capuchin monkey species, as of 2014 there had been no field studies of the Colombian white-faced capuchin. [7]

Two subspecies of Colombian white-faced capuchin are recognized: [3] [8]

Like other monkeys in the genus Cebus , the Colombian white-faced capuchin is named after the order of Capuchin friars because the cowls of these friars closely resemble the monkey's head coloration. [9] [10] The coloration is black on the body, tail, legs and the top of the head, with white chest, throat, face, shoulders and upper arms. [3] The head and body length is between 33 and 45  cm (13 and 18  in ) with a tail length of between 35 and 55 cm (14 and 22 in). [3] Males weigh between 3 and 4  kg (6.6 and 8.8  lb ), while females are about 27% smaller, weighing between 1.5 and 3 kg (3.3 and 6.6 lb). [3] C. c. curtus has a shorter tail. [8]

The white-faced capuchin is found in the extreme north-western strip between the Pacific Ocean and the Andes Mountains in Colombia and northwestern Ecuador. [2]

C. c. capucinus has been listed as endangered from a conservation standpoint by the IUCN, while C. c. curtus has been listed as vulnerable. [1] [11]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Cebidae</span> Family of New World monkeys

The Cebidae are one of the five families of New World monkeys now recognised. Extant members are the capuchin and squirrel monkeys. These species are found throughout tropical and subtropical South and Central America.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Panamanian white-faced capuchin</span> Species of primate

The Panamanian white-faced capuchin, also known as the Panamanian white-headed capuchin or Central American white-faced capuchin, is a medium-sized New World monkey of the family Cebidae, subfamily Cebinae. Native to the forests of Central America, the white-faced capuchin is important to rainforest ecology for its role in dispersing seeds and pollen.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Capuchin monkey</span> Subfamily of New World monkeys

The capuchin monkeys are New World monkeys of the subfamily Cebinae. They are readily identified as the "organ grinder" monkey, and have been used in many movies and television shows. The range of capuchin monkeys includes some tropical forests in Central America and South America as far south as northern Argentina. In Central America, where they are called white-faced monkeys ("carablanca"), they usually occupy the wet lowland forests on the Caribbean coast of Costa Rica and Panama and deciduous dry forest on the Pacific coast.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Large-headed capuchin</span> Subspecies of New World monkey

The large-headed capuchin is a subspecies of the tufted capuchin monkey from South America. It is found in Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador and Peru. It was formerly thought to be its own species, but studies have found it to be a subspecies of the tufted capuchin.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Gracile capuchin monkey</span> Genus of mammals belonging to the capuchin and squirrel monkey family of primates

Gracile capuchin monkeys are capuchin monkeys in the genus Cebus. At one time all capuchin monkeys were included within the genus Cebus. In 2011, Jessica Lynch Alfaro et al. proposed splitting the genus between the robust capuchin monkeys, such as the tufted capuchin, and the gracile capuchins. The gracile capuchins retain the genus name Cebus, while the robust species have been transferred to Sapajus.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">White-faced capuchin</span> Common name for several monkey species

White-faced capuchin, or white headed capuchin, can refer to either of two species of gracile capuchin monkey:

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Humboldt's white-fronted capuchin</span> Species of New World monkey

Humboldt's white-fronted capuchin is a species of gracile capuchin monkey. It is found in Colombia, Venezuela, Brazil, and potentially the island of Trinidad.

The Río Cesar white-fronted capuchin is a species of gracile capuchin monkey from the Río Cesar Valley in northern Colombia. It had previously been considered a subspecies of the white-fronted capuchin. Genetic analysis by Jean Boubli in 2012 revealed that the Río Cesar white-fronted capuchin is actually more closely related to the Colombian white-faced capuchin than it is to C. albifrons. Some authors regard it to be a subspecies of the varied white-fronted capuchin.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Brown weeper capuchin</span> Species of New World monkey

The brown weeper capuchin or Venezuelan brown capuchin is a species of gracile capuchin monkey endemic to Venezuela, although some sources also consider it to occur on Trinidad.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Trinidad white-fronted capuchin</span> Subspecies of New World monkey

The Trinidad white-fronted capuchin is a subspecies or species of gracile capuchin monkey. It is found on the island of Trinidad.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Varied white-fronted capuchin</span> Species of New World monkey

The varied white-fronted capuchin is a species of gracile capuchin monkey from Colombia. It had been classified as a subspecies of the white-fronted capuchin Genetic analysis by Jean Boubli in 2012 revealed it to be a separate species. Some authors regard the Río Cesar white-fronted capuchin to be a subspecies of the varied white-fronted capuchin.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Santa Marta white-fronted capuchin</span> Species of New World monkey

The Santa Marta white-fronted capuchin is a species of gracile capuchin monkey from Colombia. It was formerly considered a subspecies of the Cebus albifrons or a synonym of the Colombian white-faced capuchin, but Mittermeier and Rylands elevated it to a species in 2013, following previous work by Rylands, Hershkovitz, Cooper and Hernandez-Camacho. The IUCN follows this taxonomy.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Sierra de Perijá white-fronted capuchin</span> Species of New World monkey

The Sierra de Perijá white-fronted capuchin is a species of gracile capuchin monkey from Colombia and Venezuela. It had formerly been regarded as a subspecies of the Humboldt's white-fronted capuchin but was reclassified by Mittermeier and Rylands as a separate species in 2013, based on genetic studies by Jean Boubli.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Marañón white-fronted capuchin</span> Species of New World monkey

The Marañón white-fronted capuchin also or known as Peruvian white-fronted capuchin or Andean white-fronted capuchin is a species of gracile capuchin monkey from the upper Amazon Basin. It had been regarded as synonymous with the shock-headed capuchin, which was then considered a subspecies of Humboldt's white-fronted capuchin, but it was classified as a separate species by Mittermeier and Rylands based on genetic studies by Boubli.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Shock-headed capuchin</span> Species of New World monkey

The shock-headed capuchin is a species of gracile capuchin monkey from Bolivia and Peru. It was previously classified as a subspecies of the Humboldt's white-fronted capuchin, but in 2013 Mittermeier and Rylands elevated it to a separate species, following genetic studies by Boubli et al. in 2012 and Lynch Alfaro et al. in 2010.

Spix's white-fronted capuchin is a species of gracile capuchin monkey. It had previously been classified as a subspecies of the Humboldt's white-fronted capuchin. Following genetic studies by Boubli, et al, Mittermeier and Ryland elevated it to a full species.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Chestnut capuchin</span> Species of capuchin monkey

The chestnut capuchin or chestnut weeper capuchin is a species of capuchin monkey from northeastern Brazil, southern Guyana, Suriname, and French Guiana.

References

  1. 1 2 de la Torre, S.; Moscoso, P.; Méndez-Carvajal, P.G.; Rosales-Meda, M.; Palacios, E.; Link, A.; Lynch Alfaro, J.W.; Mittermeier, R.A. (2021). "Cebus capucinus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2021: e.T81257277A191708164. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T81257277A191708164.en . Retrieved 13 November 2021.
  2. 1 2 Rylands, A.; Groves, C.; Mittermeier, R.; Cortes-Ortiz, L. & Hines, J. (2006). "Taxonomy and Distributions of Mesoamerican Primates". In Estrada, A.; Garber, P.; Pavelka, M. & Luecke, L (eds.). New Perspectives in the Study of Mesoamerican Primates. New York: Springer. pp. 40–43. ISBN   978-0-387-25854-6.
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Mittermeier, Russell A.; Rylands, Anthony B. (2013). Mittermeier, Russell A.; Rylands, Anthony B.; Wilson, Don E. (eds.). Handbook of the Mammals of the World: Volume 3, Primates. Lynx. pp. 412–413. ISBN   978-8496553897.
  4. ↑ Linnaeus, C (1758). Systema naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata (in Latin) (10th ed.). Holmiae. (Laurentii Salvii). p. 29.
  5. 1 2 Groves, C. P. (2005). Wilson, D. E.; Reeder, D. M. (eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed.). Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. p. Cebus. ISBN   0-801-88221-4. OCLC   62265494.
  6. ↑ Boubli, Jean P.; et al. (2012). "Cebus Phylogenetic Relationships: A Preliminary Reassessment of the Diversity of the Untufted Capuchin Monkeys" (PDF). American Journal of Primatology. 74 (4): 1–13. doi:10.1002/ajp.21998. PMID   22311697. S2CID   12171529. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-03-04. Retrieved 2018-12-30.
  7. 1 2 Lynch Alfaro, Jessica; et al. (2014). "Capuchin Monkey Research Priorities and Urgent Issues" (PDF). American Journal of Primatology. 76 (8): 1–16. doi:10.1002/ajp.22269. PMID   24668460. S2CID   14778572. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2017-08-10. Retrieved 2018-12-30.
  8. 1 2 Phillips, Kimberly A. (2016). Rowe, Noel; Myers, Marc (eds.). All the World's Primates. Pogonias Press. pp. 283–284. ISBN   9781940496061.
  9. ↑ "Capuchin Franciscans F.A.Q." Capuchin Franciscans Vocation Office Province of Saint Joseph. Archived from the original on 2011-07-25. Retrieved 2008-09-01.
  10. ↑ Wainwright, M. (2002). The Natural History of Costa Rican Mammals. Zona Tropical. pp. 135–139. ISBN   978-0-9705678-1-9.
  11. ↑ Palacios, E.; Mittermeier, R.A.; Lynch Alfaro, J.W. (2020). "Cebus capucinus ssp. curtus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020: e.T4087A17981356. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T4087A17981356.en . Retrieved 13 November 2021.
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