Comilla District

Comilla কুমিল্লা জেলা
District of Bangladesh
Cumilla District
Clockwise from top-left: Skyline of Comilla, Shah Shuja Mosque, Nawab Faizunnesa House at Laksam, Gomti River, Shalban Vihara in Mainamati
Location of Comilla within Bangladesh
Expandable map of Comilla
Coordinates: 23°16′N91°07′E / 23.27°N 91.12°E / 23.27; 91.12
Country	Bangladesh
Division	Chittagong Division
Capital	Comilla
Government
•  Deputy Commissioner	Md. Kamrul Hasan [1]
•  District Council Chairman	Abu Taher [2]
• Chief Executive Officer	Md. Helal Uddin [3]
Area
• Total	3,146.30 km2 (1,214.79 sq mi)
Population  (2022 census) [4]
• Total	6,212,216
• Density	2,000/km2 (5,100/sq mi)
Time zone	UTC+06:00 (BST)
HDI (2018)	0.614 [5] medium · 7th of 21
Notable sport teams	Comilla Victorians

Comilla District, officially known as Cumilla District, ^[6] is a district located in southeastern Bangladesh. It lies about 100 kilometres south east of Dhaka. Comilla is bordered by Brahmanbaria and Narayanganj districts to the north, Noakhali and Feni districts to the south, Tripura state of India to the east and Munshiganj and Chandpur districts to the west. ^[7]

History

World War II cemetery in Mainamati.

The name Comilla is derived from the Bengali word Komolangko (Bengali : কমলাঙ্ক), the previous ancient name of the region, which means 'lotus pond'. The present Comilla is a district under the Chittagong Division. It was once under ancient Samatata and later became part of the state of Tripura. As far as is known from the ancient archeology found in the region, Gupta emperors ruled Tripura since the fifth century AD. According to historians, the Buddhist Deva dynasty ruled the region from the seventh to the middle of the eighth century. In the ninth century, Comilla came under the control of the kings of Harikela and then ruled by the Chandra dynasty during the tenth and mid-eleventh century AD. Later on, it was ruled by the Mughals and then it came under the rule of East India Company in 1765.

In order to facilitate revenue collection, the company hired a district collector in the province in 1769. Comilla then belonged to the province of Dhaka. Comilla was made under the office of the district collector in 1776. The Tripura Collector's journey began with the formation of Tippera or Tipperah district of Bengal by the British in 1790. ^[8] According to the Third Regulation in 1793, a civil judge was appointed for the Tripura district and in that year he was given magisterial powers. In 1837, the posts of magistrates and collectors were separated. In 1859, these two posts were merged again. After the partition in 1947, the district was renamed Comilla in 1960 and the post of district magistrate and collector was named deputy commissioner. ^[9] Chandpur and Brahmanbaria sub-divisions of this district became districts in 1984.

Geography and climate

Comilla has a total area of 3146.30.17 square kilometres. It is bounded by Brahmanbaria district and Narayanganj district of Dhaka division to the north, Munshiganj district of Dhaka division and Chandpur district to the west, Noakhali and Feni districts to the south and the Indian state of Tripura to the east. The district headquarters of Comilla is located close to the Indian border, with the town of Sonamura on the other side. Major rivers passing through Comilla include the Gumti and the Little Feni. It is hot in summer and cold in winter. ^[7]

The district is primarily plain land.

Administration

The administrative headquarters of Comilla are located in the city of Comilla which has a total area of 11.47 square kilometres. It consists of 18 mouzas and 3 wards. Comilla thana was officially converted into an upazila in 1983 which contains one municipality, 18 wards, 19 union parishads, 452 mouzas, and 458 villages. ^[7]

Administrator of Zila Parishad: M. Omar Faruque ^[10]

Deputy Commissioner (DC): Md Jahangir Alam ^[11]

Subdistricts

Comilla district consists of the following Upazilas: ^[12]

1. Barura Upazila
2. Brahmanpara Upazila
3. Burichong Upazila
4. Comilla Sadar Upazila
5. Comilla Sadar Dakshin Upazila
6. Chandina Upazila
7. Chauddagram Upazila
8. Daudkandi Upazila
9. Debidwar Upazila
10. Homna Upazila
11. Laksam Upazila
12. Lalmai Upazila
13. Monohorgonj Upazila
14. Meghna Upazila
15. Muradnagar Upazila
16. Nangalkot Upazila
17. Titas Upazila

Demographics

Historical population

Year	Pop.	±% p.a.
1974	2,802,944	—
1981	3,355,953	+2.61%
1991	4,032,666	+1.85%
2001	4,595,557	+1.32%
2011	5,387,288	+1.60%
2022	6,212,216	+1.30%
Sources: [4] [13]

According to the 2022 Census of Bangladesh, Comilla District had 1,407,368 households and a population of 6,212,216. The population density was 1,974 people per km². Comilla district had a literacy rate (age 7 and over) of 76.68%, compared to the national average of 74.80%, and a sex ratio of 1142 females per 1000 males. 1,356,351 (21.83%) were under 10 years of age. 20.43% of the population lived in urban areas. ^[4]

Religions in Comilla district (2022) [4]
Religion			Percent
Islam			95.56%
Hinduism			4.33%
Other or not stated			0.11%

Religion in present-day Comilla district ^{[lower-alpha 1]}

Religion	Population (1941) [14] : 102–103	Percentage (1941)	Population (2022) [4]	Percentage (2022)
Islam	1,407,494	80.41%	5,936,146	95.56%
Hinduism	340,010	19.43%	269,206	4.33%
Others [lower-alpha 2]	2,804	0.16%	6,864	0.11%
Total Population	1,750,308	100%	6,212,216	100%

Muslims make up 95.56% of the population, while Hindus are 4.33% of the total population. Formerly a centre of Buddhism, there are now only 6,000 Buddhists in the district, concentrated in Lalmai Upazila. ^[13]

Economy

Manufacturers of popular Comilla sweetmeats are mostly based on this Manoharpur area of the main town.

Mainly based on agriculture, the economy of Comilla has flourished through trade and cottage industries, especially the 'Khadi' textile. For the economic development of the region the "Bangladesh Export Processing Zone Authority" has established the "Comilla Export Processing Zone" spread over an area of 104.44 hectares (258.1 acres) in the Comilla Airport area in 2000. ^[15] The export zone employs 20 thousand people as of 2013. ^[16]

Places of interest

Landmarks include Kotbari, a cantonment, or military installation and Kandirpar, considered the heart of the Comilla district. Ancient Buddhist monastery ruins are the major attraction of Mainamati, near Kotbari. There is an ancient Hindu Temple named Comilla Jagannath Temple located on East Bibirbazar Road. There is also the recently constructed Allah Chattar, a tower in Muradnagar.

A Second World War cemetery, Mainamati War Cemetery, lies about 3.1 kilometres (1.9 mi) away from Comilla Cantonment, which was a frontier military base in the fight against the Japanese who had occupied Burma. British Army soldiers killed during the fight with the Japanese Army at the Burma (Myanmar) frontier were buried here. ^[17] Pashchimgaon Nawab Bari, the place of only lady Jaminder Nawab Faizunnesa, a poet, educationist and a philanthropist. ^[18]

Kazi Nazrul Islam, the national poet of Bangladesh, passed a significant time of his life in this town. Both his wives, Promila Devi and Nargis, hailed from this district. ^[19]

Comilla Victoria College and Comilla Zilla School are here, the latter since 1837. ^[20] Bangladesh Academy for Rural Development (BARD) is situated in Kotbari. The area saw the development of Comilla Model. ^[21]

Education

• Comilla University
• Comilla Medical College
• Comilla Victoria Government College
• Comilla Government Women's College
• Bangladesh Army International University of Science & Technology
• Comilla Polytechnic Institute
• Comilla Government College
• Comilla Government Women's College
• Comilla Cadet College
• Comilla Zilla School
• Chandina Pilot High School
• Nawab Faizunnesa Government College
• Laksam Pilot High School

Notable people

The following people were either born or stayed in this district for a significant span of their lifetime:

• Khondaker Mostaq Ahmad, 5th President of Bangladesh (15 August 1975 to 3 November 1975). ^[22]
• Ferdous Ahmed - film actor
• Kazi Zafar Ahmed: former Prime Minister
• Kamrul Ahsan  : secretary to the government and now serving as Bangladesh Ambassador to Russia. Earlier served as High Commissioner to Canada and Singapore.
• Buddhadeb Basu (1908–1974): Indian poet, novelist, essayist, translator and editor.
• General Iqbal Karim Bhuiyan  : former chief of Army Staff
• Sachin Dev Burman (1906–1975): singer, composer and music director.
• Sabitri Chatterjee: actress in Indian Bengali film, TV serial and theatre.
• Nawab Faizunnesa Choudhurani (1834–1903): poet and philanthropist.
• Alaka Das, artist of classical music, principal of Sangeet Shikhharthee Sammilan (সঙ্গীত শিক্ষার্থী সম্মেলন) ^[23] Talpukur Par, Comilla
• Shib Narayan Das: The designer of the first national flag of Bangladesh in 1971, a freedom fighter and political activist
• Sudhin Das, Swaralipikar of Nazrul Sangeet, awarded by Ekushe Padak
• Dhirendranath Datta (1886–1971): political leader, provincial minister of the than East Pakistan, Language Movement activist and lawyer.
• Muhammad Hasanuzzaman (1900–1968), politician and educationist
• Kazi Shamsul Hoque eminent journalist, founder editor of weekly Akhon Samoy , New York.
• Akbar Hossain BP: former minister of Bangladesh Government.
• Abdul Gani: (1919 – 1957) was a Bengali military officer. He was the founder and the first in-charge of one of the pioneer companies of 1st East Bengal Regiment.
• Sagarmoy Ghosh  : Indian editor and author
• Atiqul Islam - Mayor, Dhaka North City Corporation
• Md Mainul Islam - former chief, Border Guards Bangladesh
• Md. Tafazzul Islam - 17th Chief Justice of Bangladesh. ^[24]
• AKM Bazlul Karim - theater personality ^[25]
• Akhtar Hameed Khan (1914–1999): social reformer and development activist. He is from U.P -undivided India, but spent an important part of his life as asst magistrate (ICS) and thereafter as principal Victoria College and creator of co-operative programme and BARD at Comilla.
• Abul Manzoor, sector commander during Bangladesh War of Independence and decorated with the award Bir Uttom, was born in Comilla.

See also

• List of educational institutions in Comilla

Notes

1. Sadar subdivision of Tippera district
2. Including Jainism, Christianity, Buddhism, Zoroastrianism, Judaism, Ad-Dharmis, or not stated

References

1. "List of Deputy Commissioners". pmis.mopa.gov.bd. Archived from the original on 8 November 2019. Retrieved 2 April 2021.
2. "কুমিল্লা জেলা". www.comilla.gov.bd.
3. "কুমিল্লা জেলা". www.comilla.gov.bd.
4. Population and Housing Census 2022 National Report (PDF). Vol. 1. Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics. November 2023.
5. "Sub-national HDI - Area Database - Global Data Lab". hdi.globaldatalab.org. Retrieved 18 March 2020.
6. Mahadi Al Hasnat (2 April 2018). "Mixed reactions as govt changes English spellings of 5 district names". Dhaka Tribune. Retrieved 8 April 2018.
7. Siddiqi, Mamun (2012). "Comilla District". In Islam, Sirajul; Jamal, Ahmed A. (eds.). Banglapedia: National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh (Second ed.). Asiatic Society of Bangladesh.
8. "Gazetteer - Bengal District Gazetteer Tipperah District - South Asia Archive". www.southasiaarchive.com. 1933.
9. কুমিল্লা জেলা [District background]. Comilla District (in Bengali).
10. "AL men appointed administrators". The Daily Star. 16 December 2011. Retrieved 19 September 2017.
11. "Outcry over Comilla DC's misbehaviour with journos". Dhaka Tribune. Retrieved 20 September 2017.
12. Upazilas of Comilla Archived 24 November 2007 at the Wayback Machine . Bangladesh Government.
13. "Bangladesh Population and Housing Census 2011 Zila Report – Comilla" (PDF). bbs.gov.bd. Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics.
14. "Census of India, 1941 Volume VI Bengal Province" (PDF).
15. "Profile Of Zone Comilla | Comilla EPZ". www.bepza.gov.bd. Archived from the original on 20 September 2017. Retrieved 20 September 2017.
16. "9 new units to start production in Comilla EPZ soon". Dhaka Tribune. Archived from the original on 20 September 2017. Retrieved 20 September 2017.
17. "Tributes paid at Maynamati War Cemetery". Dhaka Tribune. Retrieved 20 September 2017.
18. "Choudhurani, Nawab Faizunnesa". Banglapedia. Retrieved 20 September 2017.
19. "Islam, Kazi Nazrul". Banglapedia. Archived from the original on 6 July 2017. Retrieved 20 September 2017.
20. "Comilla Zila School". Banglapedia. Retrieved 20 September 2017.
21. Binswanger-Mkhize, Hans P.; Regt, Jacomina P. de; Spector, Stephen (12 February 2010). Local and Community Driven Development: Moving to Scale in Theory and Practice. World Bank Publications. p. 32. ISBN   9780821381953.
22. Khan, Saleh Athar (2012). "Ahmad, Khondakar Mostaq". In Islam, Sirajul; Jamal, Ahmed A. (eds.). Banglapedia: National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh (Second ed.). Asiatic Society of Bangladesh.
23. রবীন্দ্রনাথকে হৃদয়ে ধারণ ও নজরুল চেতনায় উজ্জীবিত হতে হবে. Comillar Kagoj (in Bengali). Archived from the original on 28 February 2019. Retrieved 18 April 2017.
24. "Life sketch of newly appointed Chief Justice of Bangladesh". Bangladesh Sangbad Sangstha. 23 December 2009. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016.
25. "Karim, AKM Bazlul". Banglapedia.

External links

• Bangladesh Academy for Rural Development