Common bent-wing bat

Last updated

Common bent-wing bat
Miniopterus schreibersii dasythrix.jpg
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Mammalia
Order: Chiroptera
Family: Miniopteridae
Genus: Miniopterus
Species:
M. schreibersii
Binomial name
Miniopterus schreibersii
(Kuhl, 1817)

The common bent-wing bat (Miniopterus schreibersii), also known as the Schreibers's long-fingered bat or Schreibers's bat, is a species of insectivorous bat. They appear to have dispersed from a subtropical origin and distributed throughout the southern Palearctic, Ethiopic, Oriental, and Australian regions. In Europe, it is present in the southern half on the continent from Iberia to the Caucasus, with the largest populations found in the warmer Mediterranean area. The common and scientific names honor Carl Franz Anton Ritter von Schreibers.

Contents

Taxonomy

There are 13 recognised subspecies of the common bent-winged bat. [2]

Three former subspecies that were included in M.scheibersii have now been given species status. They are Miniopterus fuliginosus (eastern bent-wing bat), Miniopterus oceanensis (Australasian bent-wing bat) and Miniopterus pallidus (Pale Bent-wing Bat).

Roosting

Colony of common bent-wing bats hanging in a cluster Miniopterus scheibersii 02.jpg
Colony of common bent-wing bats hanging in a cluster

The common bent-wing bat is a bat that forms major colonies and the longest period of torpor (hibernation) observed was about 12 days. These colonies can range anywhere from a few dozen or several million bats. Most of these colonies are formed in large caves or mines but they can also be found in other areas such as tunnels or ruins or other man made sites. In these roosting sites the common bent-wing bat establishes its colony in a "bell-shaped" hollow, which traps body heat and raises the temperature of the roost higher than the surrounding portions of the cave. This method of trapping warmth is used to reduce energy loss from shivering. Also, they will often enter hollows through small openings in order to better secure themselves from large predators during torpor. The common bent-wing bat migrates multiple times a year depending on weather of the roosting area; the length of these migrations can vary but the longest migration recorded was 833 km.

Threats

The common bent-wing bat is categorized as "vulnerable" according to the International Union for Conservation of Nature. The explanation for the recent cause of these deaths is unknown but there have been many speculations as to why the mortality rate for this bat has increased. Researchers in Europe believe that the loss of underground habitats, the disturbance of their habitats, and pesticide use have caused an increase in deaths for the common bent-wing bat. In Australia, researchers suspect that the high tissue levels of DDT (Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane) they found in the common bent-wing bat, including the young ones that had not left the maternity roosts, was the cause of these deaths.

Distribution

Common bent-wing bat on a 2016 stamp of Romania Miniopterus schreibersii 2016 stamp of Romania.jpg
Common bent-wing bat on a 2016 stamp of Romania

The common bent-wing bat can be found in the following countries:Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria, Armenia, Australia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Cameroon, China, Croatia, Cyprus, possibly Ethiopia, France, Georgia, Gibraltar, Greece, Guinea, Hungary, India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Italy, Japan, Jordan, possibly Kenya, North Korea, South Korea, Laos, Lebanon, Liberia, Libya, Malaysia, Malta, Montenegro, Morocco, Myanmar, Nepal, Nigeria, North Macedonia, Pakistan, Palestine, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, Portugal, Romania, Russian Federation, San Marino, Saudi Arabia, Serbia, Sierra Leone, Slovakia, Slovenia, South Africa, Solomon Islands, Spain, Sri Lanka, Switzerland, Syrian Arab Republic, Taiwan, Tajikistan, Thailand, Tunisia, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Vietnam, and Yemen.

The bat appears to have become established for the first time in Poland in 2018 indicating a northerly expansion of the despite a trend in decreasing population in Europe. [5]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Emballonuridae</span> Family of bats

Emballonuridae is a family of microbats, many of which are referred to as sac-winged or sheath-tailed bats. They are widely distributed in tropical and subtropical regions around the world. The earliest fossil records are from the Eocene.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Threatened fauna of Australia</span> Animals at risk of becoming extinct

Threatened fauna of Australia are those species and subspecies of birds, fish, frogs, insects, mammals, molluscs, crustaceans, and reptiles to be found in Australia that are in danger of becoming extinct. This article lists species classified as threatened species under the Commonwealth Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999.

<i>Ozimops beccarii</i> Species of bat

Beccari's free-tailed bat is a species of bat in the free-tailed bat family Molossidae found to Indonesia and Papua New Guinea. It can be found in several habitat types, including savanna, tropical moist forest, and fragmented and urban habitat. It roosts in trees, caves, and buildings in small colonies. This is a common species which is not considered to be threatened. The names Beccari's free-tailed bat or Beccari's mastiff bat once applied to populations in Australia.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Greater mouse-eared bat</span> Species of bat

The greater mouse-eared bat is a European species of bat in the family Vespertilionidae.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Chocolate wattled bat</span> Species of bat

The chocolate wattled bat is a bat in the family Vespertilionidae. It is found only in Australia, including the island Tasmania, and widespread in southern regions. It is known to reside from sea level to at least 1,570 metres (5,150 ft) in Victoria.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Townsend's big-eared bat</span> Species of bat

Townsend's big-eared bat is a species of vesper bat.

<i>Nyctophilus geoffroyi</i> Species of bat

Nyctophilus geoffroyi is a vespertilionid bat. a flying nocturnal mammal found in Australia, The species is relatively common. They have been referred to as the lesser long-eared bat.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Hairy-legged myotis</span> Species of bat

The hairy-legged myotis is a species of mouse-eared bat. It is found from southern Tamaulipas in Mexico, through much of Central America and across northern South America as far east as Trinidad. Further south, it is found along the foothills of the Andes as far south as northern Argentina.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Yellow-bellied sheath-tailed bat</span> Species of bat

The yellow-bellied sheath-tailed bat, also known as the yellow-bellied sheathtail or yellow-bellied pouched bat, is a microbat species of the family Emballonuridae found extensively in Australia and less commonly in parts of Papua New Guinea.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Carl Franz Anton Ritter von Schreibers</span> Austro-Hungarian scientist

Carl Franz Anton Ritter von Schreibers was an Austrian naturalist who was a native of Pressburg, Hungary, Habsburg Empire.

<i>Miniopterus</i> Genus of bats

Miniopterus, known as the bent-winged or long winged bats, is the sole genus of the family Miniopteridae. They are small flying insectivorous mammals, micro-bats of the order Chiroptera, with wings over twice the length of the body. The genus had been placed in its own subfamily among the vespertilionid bats, as Miniopterinae, but is now classified as its own family.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Eastern bent-wing bat</span> Species of bat

The eastern bent-wing bat, is a species of vesper bat in the family Miniopteridae. It is found in South Asia, Far-east Asia, the east Caucasus Mountains and also in Southeast Asian regions.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Australasian bent-wing bat</span> Species of vesper bat

The Australasian bent-wing bat is a species of vesper bat in the family Miniopteridae. It is found in Australia and in Southeast Asia.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Maternity colony</span> Temporary association of reproductive female bats

A maternity colony refers to a temporary association of reproductive female bats for giving birth to, nursing, and weaning their pups. The colonies are initiated by pregnant bats. After giving birth, the colony consists of the lactating females and their offspring. After weaning, juveniles will leave the maternity colony, and the colony itself will break apart. The size of a maternity colony is highly variable by species, with some species forming colonies consisting of ten or fewer individuals, while the largest maternity colony in the world in Bracken Cave is estimated to have over 15 million bats.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Southern bent-wing bat</span> Subspecies of bat

The southern bent-wing bat is one of two subspecies of the Australasian bent-wing bat. Its population size has declined rapidly since the 1950s, and it is classified as critically endangered by the Australian government.

Miniopterus maghrebensis, also known as the Maghrebian bent-wing bat, is a species of bat found in North Africa.

Miniopterus pallidus, the pale bent-wing bat, is a species of bat found in Middle-East. Until 2010, it was considered as a sub-species of M. schreibersii.

The sandy long-fingered bat, also known as the sandy bent-winged bat, is a species of bat from the genus Miniopterus that is endemic to the Arabian Peninsula and East Africa. The species was initially described as a subspecies of either M. schreibersii or M. natalensis. Recent genetic research has revealed that specimens from the Arabian Peninsula and Ethiopia, which were tentatively ascribed to the genus, are significantly distinct from M. schreibersii and M. natalensis. A genetic analysis of type locality material is still needed before taxonomy can be resolved.

The Javanese long-fingered bat is a species of bat from the Miniopterus genus native to Indonesia. A common misconception was that Miniopterus blepotis belonged to the M. schreibersii subspecies. M. blepotis was recognized as a distinct species after the Schreibersii complex was divided. This is backed up by New Guinean mtDNA sequence data that is ascribed to M. blepotis. Whether it is a complex made up of multiple species is unknown.

References

  1. Cistrone, L.; Russo, D.; Aulagnier, S. (2023). "Miniopterus schreibersii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2023: e.T230918147A230918550. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2023-1.RLTS.T230918147A230918550.en . Retrieved 12 January 2024.
  2. Simmons, N.B. (2005). "Miniopterus schreibersii". In Wilson, D.E.; Reeder, D.M (eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed.). Johns Hopkins University Press. pp. 312–529. ISBN   978-0-8018-8221-0. OCLC   62265494.
  3. 1 2 Cardinal, B. R.; Christidis, L. (2000). "Mitochondrial DNA and morphology reveal three geographically distinct lineages of the large bentwing bat (Miniopterus schreibersii) in Australia". Australian Journal of Zoology. 48 (1): 1–19. doi:10.1071/ZO99067.
  4. Department of the Environment (2017). Miniopterus orianae bassanii in Species Profile and Threats Database, Department of the Environment, Canberra. Available from: http://www.environment.gov.au/sprat. Accessed Fri, 31 Mar 2017
  5. Piksa, Krzysztof; Gubała, Wojciech J (11 September 2020). "First record of Miniopterus schreibersii (Chiroptera: Miniopteridae) in Poland—a possible range expansion?". Mammal Research. 66: 211–215. doi: 10.1007/s13364-020-00533-8 .

Commons-logo.svg Media related to Miniopterus schreibersi at Wikimedia Commons