Comparison of anti-ballistic missile systems

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This is a table of the most widespread or notable anti-ballistic missile (ABM) systems intended in whole or part to counter ballistic missiles. Since many systems have developed in stages or have many iterations or upgrades, only the most notable versions are described. Such systems are typically highly integrated with radar and guidance systems, so the emphasis is chiefly on system capability rather than the specific missile employed. For example, David's Sling is a system that employs the Stunner missile.

Contents

Legend for ABM system status in below table:  Operational  In development  Inactive  Unknown status

System nameCountry of originPeriod of useInterceptRoleWeightWarhead typesRange (max)Ceiling (max)SpeedLauncher
A-35M/A-350 (5V61R) [1] [nb 1] Flag of the Soviet Union.svg  Soviet Union 1978–1995Exo-atmospheric [1] ICBM 32,700 kgNuclear 2-3 MT320–350 km [1] 120 kmMach 4Fixed launcher
A-135 ABM (51T6 Gorgon) [1] Flag of Russia.svg  Russia 1995–presentExo-atmosphericMRBM, ICBM [3] 33,000–45,000 kgNuclear 10 KT350–900 kmMach 7 Silo
A-135 ABM (53T6 Gazelle) [1] Flag of Russia.svg  Russia 1995–presentRe-entryMRBM, ICBM [1] [3] 10,000 kgNuclear 10 KT80–100 km80–100 kmMach 17Silo
A-235 Nudol [4] [5] Flag of Russia.svg  Russia In developmentRe-entry, terminalICBM, [4] ASAT [5] Conventional [4] [5] 150 km [4] 5–80 km [4] (ASAT 700 km) [5] Mobile, silo
S-300 (V/SA-12B/9M82 Giant) [6] [7] [nb 2] Flag of Russia.svg  Russia 1983–present [7] Terminal MRBM, IRBM 5800 kg [6] Blast [6] [7] 40 km [6] [7] 30 km [6] Mach 5+ [6] Mobile [6]
S-400 (48N6DM Triumf) [4] [8] [9] Flag of Russia.svg  Russia 2007–present [9] Terminal SRBM, IRBM [8] 1800–1900 kg [8] Blast [9] 80–250 km [4] [8] 30 km [4] [8] Mach 14Mobile
S-500 [4] [10] [11] Flag of Russia.svg  Russia 2021–presentIRBM, MRBM, ICBM, [4] ASAT [11] 600 km [11] 200 kmMobile
HQ-9/HQ-19 [12] [13] Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg  China 2018–present [14] TerminalSRBM, MRBM, [14] IRBM [13] 1300 kg25 km [12] 15 km [12] Mobile
Aster (30 1N, SAMP/T) [15] [16] Flag of France.svg  France Flag of Italy.svg  Italy 2011–present [16] TerminalSRBM, MRBM450 kg [15] [16] Blast [15] 150 km [15] 25 km [15] Mach 4.5 [15] Ship silo, mobile [15]
Prithvi ADV Phase I [17] [18] Flag of India.svg  India Awaiting deployment?Exo-atmospheric [19] MRBM, IRBMBlast300–>1000 km50–180 km [15] Mach 5
AAD/Ashwin Phase I [17] [18] Flag of India.svg  India Awaiting deloyment?Terminal [19] MRBM, IRBM1200 kgKill vehicle200 km15–50 km [15]
AD-1 Phase II [17] [18] [20] Flag of India.svg  India In developmentEndo-exo-atmosphericMRBM, IRBM18,000 kg
AD-2 Phase II [17] [18] [20] Flag of India.svg  India In developmentTerminalIRBM
David's Sling/Stunner [21] [22] Flag of Israel.svg  Israel 2018–present [23] TerminalSRBM, MRBM [21] Kill vehicle [21] [22] 250 km [24] 15 km [22] Mach 7.5Mobile
Arrow 2 (Block 4) [21] [25] [nb 3] Flag of Israel.svg  Israel 2012–presentRe-entry [25] MRBM, IRBM2800 kgBlast [25] 90 km +Exo-atmospheric [26] Mach 9Mobile
Arrow 3 [21] [27] [28] Flag of Israel.svg  Israel 2017–present [27] Exo-atmospheric, [21] ASAT MRBM, IRBMless than 1400 kg [27] Kill vehicle [28] 2400 km [27] 100 km [27] Mach 9+Mobile [27]
L-SAM (Block I) [29] Flag of South Korea.svg  Republic of Korea In developmentExo-atmosphericSRBMKill vehicle [29] 150 km40–60 km [30] Mobile [29]
Sky Bow III/Tien-Kung III [31] Flag of the Republic of China.svg  Republic of China 2014-presentTerminalSRBM [32] 40 kmMobile
Strong Bow I [33] Flag of the Republic of China.svg  Republic of China In developmentExo-atmosphericSRBM70 km [34] Mobile
Violet Friend/Bloodhound Mk. III Flag of the United Kingdom.svg  United Kingdom Canceled 1965TerminalNuclear low KT [35] 120 km [36] 9 km+Mobile
Patriot (PAC-3) [37] [38] [39] [nb 4] Flag of the United States (23px).png  United States 2009–presentTerminal [38] SRBM, MRBM [38] 312 kg [39] Kill vehicle [38] 40 km +24 km +Mobile
THAAD [37] [40] [41] Flag of the United States (23px).png  United States 2008–presentRe-entrySRBM, MRBM, IRBM [37] [40] 900 kg [42] Kill vehicle [40] [42] 200 km + [42] [41] 150 km [42] Mach 8.2Mobile [40]
Aegis SM-6 ERAM [43] [44] [45] [nb 5] Flag of the United States (23px).png  United States 2009–presentTerminal [43] MRBM, IRBM1500 kg [46] Blast [46] 240–370 km [44] [46] 33 km [46] Mach 3.5Ship silo
Aegis SM-3 (IIA) [44] [47] [48] [49] [nb 6] Flag of the United States (23px).png  United States 2014–presentBoost (naval), mid-courseMRBM, IRBM, [47] ICBM, [49] [50] ASAT [48] [49] 1500 kg [51] Kill vehicle [51] 1500 km [44] 160 km + [51] Mach 13.2 (IIA)Ship and land silo
Nike Zeus (B) [52] [nb 7] Flag of the United States (23px).png  United States Canceled 1963, ASAT role to 1964 [53] Re-entryICBM, [52] ASAT [53] 10,300 kg [52] Nuclear 400 KT [52] 400 km [52] 280 km [52] Mach 4+Silo
Safeguard/Spartan [nb 8] Flag of the United States (23px).png  United States 1975–76 [56] [52] Exo atmospheric [57] ICBM [52] 13,100 kg [52] Nuclear 5 MT [52] 740 km [52] 560 km [52] Mach 3–4Silo
Safeguard/Sprint [nb 9] Flag of the United States (23px).png  United States 1975–76TerminalICBM [6] 3,500 kg [6] Nuclear low KT [6] 40 km [6] 30 km [6] Mach 10+ [6] Silo
Sentry/Overlay [58] [59] Flag of the United States (23px).png  United States 1977–83 (study)Exo-atmosphericICBMExo-atmospheric [58] [59] Silo
Sentry/LoAD [60] [59] [nb 10] Flag of the United States (23px).png  United States 1977–83 (study)TerminalICBMConventional [60] or nuclear [61] 15 km [60] [59] Silo
Ground-Based Midcourse Defense/GBI [62] [63] [nb 11] Flag of the United States (23px).png  United States 2010–presentMid-courseICBM [62] 21,600 kgKill vehicle [62] Silo
Next Generation Interceptor [64] [65] Flag of the United States (23px).png  United States In developmentMid-courseICBMKill vehicleSilo

Notes

The Israeli Iron Dome system is not specifically an anti-ballistic missile system, as it is intended primarily to counter unguided rockets and artillery projectiles, rather than guided missiles on trajectories that take them above Earth's atmosphere, re-entering at extreme velocities. [76]

The U.S. Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI) investigated a variety of missile defense strategies, many involving exotic technologies such as the X-ray lasers [77] envisioned by Project Excalibur, or the Brilliant Pebbles kinetic-kill satellite system. [78] None of the more exotic systems were pursued to prototyping.

Footnotes

  1. ↑ The original A-35 was introduced in 1972 with the A-350Zh missile. It was replaced by the A-350R in 1974, and then by A-350M in 1978. [2]
  2. ↑ The S-300 requires specific missile models to be used in the ABM role. Most missiles are optimized for anti-aircraft use.
  3. ↑ The Arrow 1 (Hetz) never went into service, as it was quickly overtaken by the smaller Arrow 2.
  4. ↑ Patriot initially was solely an anti-aircraft missile. with no capability against ballistic missiles. The PAC-1 upgrade introduced this capability as a software upgrade. PAC-2 improved this capability, and the GEM+ upgrade introduced separate versions optimized for cruise missiles or ballistic missiles. PAC-3 is a new design, intended primarily for ABM use.
  5. ↑ SM-6 is a general-purpose weapon that can be used against ballistic missiles, cruise missiles, aircraft, and surface targets.
  6. ↑ SM-3 is a specialty weapon intended solely for ABM use .
  7. ↑ The U.S. ABM concepts proposed in the 1950s, 60s and 70s share a common genesis, with overlapping technologies and often confusingly similar names. Refer to the individual articles on these topics for fuller discussions of their histories and characteristics.
  8. ↑ The precursor programs to Safeguard (or follow-on to Nike-Zeus) were Nike-X and then the Sentinel programs. These projects incorporated most of the same systems and concepts, differing chiefly in scope of coverage and defensive philosophy. Nike-X emphasized close-range interception using small, fast missiles with low-yield neutron-enhanced weapons for the terminal defense component. These became Sprint. Sentinel resurrected Nike-Zeus, now named Spartan, alongside Sprint, using large x-ray-enhanced nuclear warheads for the Spartan exo-atmospheric component, allowing the system to operate with significantly loosened accuracy requirements due to the much greater kill radius of an x-ray-enhanced nuclear explosive outside the atmosphere compared to pure blast or neutron effects. [54] [55] After China demonstrated a nuclear capability in 1967, Nike-X became the Sentinel program, using both Spartan and Sprint, but in a scaled-back scope.
  9. ↑ Sprint was the principal component of Nike-X, and was combined with Spartan for Sentinel.
  10. ↑ LoAD used a Sprint-like missile.
  11. ↑ The GBI uses a three-stage booster based on the Minotaur-C launch vehicle, itself a derivative of the Peacekeeper/MX ICBM.

See also

Related Research Articles

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Intercontinental ballistic missile</span> Ballistic missile with a range of more than 5,500 kilometres

An intercontinental ballistic missile (ICBM) is a ballistic missile with a range greater than 5,500 kilometres (3,400 mi), primarily designed for nuclear weapons delivery. Conventional, chemical, and biological weapons can also be delivered with varying effectiveness, but have never been deployed on ICBMs. Most modern designs support multiple independently targetable reentry vehicle (MIRVs), allowing a single missile to carry several warheads, each of which can strike a different target. The United States, Russia, China, France, India, the United Kingdom, Israel, and North Korea are the only countries known to have operational ICBMs.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Multiple independently targetable reentry vehicle</span> Ballistic missile payload containing multiple warheads which are independently targetable

A multiple independently targetable reentry vehicle (MIRV) is an exoatmospheric ballistic missile payload containing several warheads, each capable of being aimed to hit a different target. The concept is almost invariably associated with intercontinental ballistic missiles carrying thermonuclear warheads, even if not strictly being limited to them. An intermediate case is the multiple reentry vehicle (MRV) missile which carries several warheads which are dispersed but not individually aimed. All nuclear-weapon states except Pakistan and North Korea are currently confirmed to have deployed MIRV missile systems. Israel is suspected to possess or be in the process of developing MIRVs.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">United States national missile defense</span> Nationwide missile defense program of the United States

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Terminal High Altitude Area Defense</span> US ballistic missile defense system

Terminal High Altitude Area Defense (THAAD), formerly Theater High Altitude Area Defense, is an American anti-ballistic missile defense system designed to shoot down short, medium, and intermediate-range ballistic missiles in their terminal phase by intercepting with a hit-to-kill approach. THAAD was developed after the experience of Iraq's Scud missile attacks during the Gulf War in 1991. The THAAD interceptor carries no warhead, instead relying on its kinetic energy of impact to destroy the incoming missile.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Missile defense</span> System that destroys attacking missiles

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Safeguard Program</span> System designed to protect U.S. missile silos

The Safeguard Program was a U.S. Army anti-ballistic missile (ABM) system designed to protect the U.S. Air Force's Minuteman ICBM silos from attack, thus preserving the US's nuclear deterrent fleet. It was intended primarily to protect against the very small Chinese ICBM fleet, limited Soviet attacks and various other limited-launch scenarios. A full-scale attack by the Soviets would easily overwhelm it. It was designed to allow gradual upgrades to provide similar lightweight coverage over the entire United States over time.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Sprint (missile)</span> Anti-ballistic missile

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Air-launched ballistic missile</span> Experimental weapon

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">RIM-161 Standard Missile 3</span> Kinetic surface-to-air missile (Aegis Ballistic Missile Defense System)

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">NATO missile defense system</span>

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Missile defense systems by country</span> Introduction of protective military equipments

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Nike Zeus</span> Type of anti-ballistic missile

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Project Wizard</span> US anti-ballistic missile system

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Nike-X</span> Anti-ballistic missile system

Nike-X was an anti-ballistic missile (ABM) system designed in the 1960s by the United States Army to protect major cities in the United States from attacks by the Soviet Union's intercontinental ballistic missile (ICBM) fleet during the Cold War. The X in the name referred to its experimental basis and was supposed to be replaced by a more appropriate name when the system was put into production. This never came to pass; in 1967 the Nike-X program was canceled and replaced by a much lighter defense system known as Sentinel.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Sentinel program</span> Proposed US Army anti-ballistic missile system

Sentinel was a proposed US Army anti-ballistic missile (ABM) system designed to provide a light layer of protection over the entire United States, able to defend against small ICBM strikes like those expected from China, or accidental launches from the USSR or other states. The system would have seventeen bases, each centered on its Missile Site Radar (MSR) and a computerized command center buried below it. The system was supported by a string of five long-range Perimeter Acquisition Radars (PAR) spread across the US/Canada border area and another in Alaska. The primary weapon was the long-range Spartan missile, with short range Sprint missiles providing additional protection near US ICBM fields and PAR sites. The system would initially have a total of 480 Spartan and 192 Sprint missiles.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Exoatmospheric Reentry-vehicle Interceptor Subsystem</span> American ICBM-defense technology

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Project BAMBI was a project as part of the United States national missile defense.

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  59. 1 2 3 4 Lang, Sharon (June–July 2007). "From LoAD to Sentry: Defense of the MX" (PDF). The Eagle. p. 14. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-10-21.
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  61. ↑ Strategic Defenses: Two Reports by the Office of Technology Assessment. Office of Technology Assessment. 1986. ISBN   978-1-4008-5509-4.
  62. 1 2 3 "Ground-Based Midcourse Defense (GMD)". Missile Defense Advocacy Alliance. January 31, 2019. Retrieved 18 April 2024.
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  66. ↑ "Glossary - boost phase". Nuclear Threat Initiative. Retrieved 17 April 2024.
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  68. ↑ "Glossary - terminal phase". Nuclear Threat Initiative. Retrieved 17 April 2024.
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  76. ↑ Doyle, Gerry; Zafra, Mariano; Arranz, Adolfo; Chowdhury, Jitesh (April 18, 2024). "Israel's Iron Dome How layers of air defences protected the country against the biggest onslaught of missiles and drones in its history". Reuters. Retrieved 19 April 2024.
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