Photo stitching software produce panoramic pictures and VR photographs. The other method involves using panoramic cameras or panoramic mirror lenses (i.e. one-shot lenses).
Photo stitching software produce panoramic pictures and VR photographs. The other method involves using panoramic cameras or panoramic mirror lenses (i.e. one-shot lenses).
| Name | Developer(s) | Operating system(s) | License | Price | WWW | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Affinity Photo | Serif | Windows, Mac OS, or iOS | Proprietary | $69.99 for desktop, $19.99 for iOS [1] | affinity.serif.com | |
| Adobe Lightroom | Adobe Inc. | Windows, MacOS, iOS, Android, TvOS [2] | Proprietary | $9.99 a month | www.adobe.com/photoshop-lightroom-classic | There is Lightroom CC which doesn't store data to the desktop Lightroom Classic which stores data locally on the desktop. [3] |
| Panoweaver Standard / Professional | Easypano Holdings Inc. | Windows XP/7/8; Mac OS X 10.4 or later | Proprietary | Standard: $99 / Professional: $299 | easypano.com | Branding free, trial version works will be watermarked. |
| WidsMob Panorama | WidsMob Technology Ltd. | Mac OS X 10.8 or later | Proprietary | $19.99 | widsmob.com | Branding free, trial version works will be watermarked. |
| i2Align Std / Pro | DualAlign LLC | Windows 7 or higher; Mac OS X 10.2 or higher | Proprietary | Express: $50 / Pro: $100 | dualalign.com | Express is limited to four images per panorama |
| Pixtra OmniStitcher | Pixtra Corp. | Windows 95 or later | Proprietary | $49 | Pixtra.com | Designed for 360x180 degree omniramas. |
| Pixtra PanoStitcher | Pixtra Corp. | Windows 95 or later | Proprietary | $30 | Pixtra.com | Includes virtual tool authoring package. |
| QuickPHOTO | PROMICRA | Windows 7 or later | Proprietary | Trial Available | promicra.com | Stitching together fields of view from microscope. |
| Dermandar | Dermandar | Browser based (Adobe Flash player required), Apple iOS4 | Proprietary | Free | Dermandar.com | Panoramas are uploaded on the Dermandar server and they can be viewed with the provided Flash viewer. |
| PhotoFit Harmony / Premium | Tekmate, Inc. | Windows 98 or later | Proprietary | Harmony: $52 / Premium: $277 | PhotoFit4Panorama.com | Premium has bigger output size limits (12 vs. 1200 Mpix) and more output projections. |
| PanoramaPlus X4 | Serif (Europe) Ltd. | Windows XP or later | Proprietary | £20 | Serif.com | Video input. |
| PanoramaBuilder 7.0 / PanoramaBuilder 7.0 Pro | 3cim, Inc. | Windows ?? | Proprietary | $199 / Pro: $499 + annual $199 | PanoBuilder.com | Price incl. hosting for virtual tours. |
| Pixloo VT Builder | Pixloo | Windows and Mac | Proprietary | $9 Month | Pixloo | Unlimited hosting of virtual tours. |
| 360 Panorama Professional | 360 Degrees of Freedom | Windows only | Proprietary | $99 | 360dof.com | Includes virtual tool authoring package. |
| VRstitcher Fisheye Pro | 360 Degrees of Freedom | Windows only | Proprietary | $499 | 360dof.com | Includes virtual tool authoring package. specifically designed for fisheye lenses. |
| COOL 360 | Ulead / Corel Corp. | Windows, up to XP only | Proprietary | $40 | Corel.com | Support discontinued. |
| The Panorama Factory v5 | Smoky City Design, LLC | Windows 98 or later; Mac OS X 10.3.9 or later | Proprietary | $80 | panoramafactory.com | |
| PixMaker Lite / Home / Business | ? | Windows 95 or later | Proprietary | Lite: Free / Home: $20 / Business: $349 | Singnet.com | |
| PTAssembler | Max Lyons | Windows only | Proprietary | $49 / $299 | Tawbaware.com | Based on Panorama Tools |
| PTgui / PTgui Pro | New House Internet Services BV | Windows; Mac OS X | Proprietary | €79 (personal) / €180 (company); Pro: €149 (personal / €349 (company) (+taxes) | ptgui.com | Based on Panorama Tools. |
| Autopano Pro / Giga / Server | Kolor | Windows 2000 or later; Mac OS X 10.5 or later with Intel processor; Linux 2.6 or later | Proprietary | Ceased trading September 2018 | www.kolor.com | Free trial version (watermarked) |
| Autostitch | Matthew Brown & David Lowe | Windows; Mac OS X; Android 4.0.3 and up [4] | Proprietary | Time limited demo only | Autostitch home page | |
| Calico Panorama | Kekus | Mac only | Proprietary | $39 | kekus.com | Based on Autostitch. |
| Hugin | Pablo d'Angelo et al. | Windows, Mac, Linux, FreeBSD | GPL | Free | hugin.sf.net | Based on Panorama Tools. |
| Stitcher 4 | 3DVista | Windows & Mac | Proprietary | €99 | ||
| D Joiner | D Vision Works, Ltd. | Windows 95 or later | Proprietary | £300 | d-vw.com | |
| Panorama Maker 6 | Arcsoft, Inc. | Windows XP/Vista/7; Mac OS X | Proprietary | $79.99 | arcsoft.com | Video input, 3D output |
| Photovista Panorama | iseemedia, inc. | Windows 98 SE or later; Mac OS 9.1 or later | Proprietary | $250 | iseephotovista.com | |
| PanoramaStudio / Pro | Tobias Hüllmandel Software | Windows 2000 or later | Proprietary | €35/€70 | tshsoft.de | RAW file support. Multirow stitching only with Pro version. |
| Stitcher Unlimited 2009 | Autodesk | Windows Vista SP2 or later; Mac OS X 10.4.10 or later | Proprietary | $400 | autodesk.com | Export to Flash, VRML, QTVR. |
| ADG Panorama Tools / Pro | Albatross Design Group | Windows 95 or later | Proprietary | $40 / $99 | albatrossdesign.com | Pro version has ability to create hot spots for virtual tours. |
| Panorama Composer 3 | FirmTools | Windows 95 or later | Proprietary | $30 | Panorama.FirmTools.com | Includes Flash, ActiveX and Java based viewers for web. |
| Image Composite Editor | Microsoft | Windows Vista SP2 or later | Proprietary | Free for non-commercial use | research.microsoft.com | Video input (Windows 7+) |
| Panorama Perfect | Michal Pohanka | Windows 2000 or later | Proprietary | $29 | volny.cz | |
| Photoshop CS5 | Adobe Systems | Windows; Mac OS X | Proprietary | $699 [5] | adobe.com | |
| Photoshop CS6 | Adobe Systems | Windows; Mac OS X | Proprietary | $699 [6] | adobe.com | Can do auto stitching |
| AIPR Lite 1 | Mayachitra, Inc. | Windows*; Mac OS X 10.6+* | Proprietary | $29.95 | AIPR Lite | (*) both 32 and 64 bit versions available. |
| Gigapan Stitch 1.0 | Gigapan Systems | Windows; Mac OS X 10.4 or later | Proprietary | $79 | Gigapan Stitch 1.0 | Assumes images form approximate grid. Works well on large numbers of images ( hundreds, thousands ) |
| PanoramaMaker | STOIK Imaging | Windows; Mac OS X | Proprietary | €39 | STOIK.com | Requires all images to be the same size |
| Montage Image Mosaic | Caltech/IPAC, JPL, CACR, ISI | Unix | 3-Clause BSD | Free | official Web site | Produces science-grade mosaics for astronomical research |
| Panorama Stitcher | Alexander Boltnev, Olga Kacher | Mac OS X | Proprietary | $15 | Panorama Stitcher | Automatic stitching, exposure leveling. Interactive projection editor. |
| PhotoStitcher | Maxim Gapchenko | Windows; Mac OS X | Proprietary | $19.99 | www.photostitcher.com | Stitch panoramic images in one click without any preferences |
| SharpStitch | Libor Tinka | Windows | Proprietary | Full: $995.00; Source code: $4995.00 | www.imagingshop.com | Image alignment and stitching library for .NET |
| StitchUp | Michel Mürner | Mac OS X | Proprietary | $6.99 | www.stitchup.ch | |
| Pano2VR / Pano2VR pro | Garden Gnome Software | Windows; Mac OS X; Linux | Proprietary | regular: €99; pro: €299 (+taxes) | ggnome.com/pano2vr | Free trial version (watermarked) |
| Name | HDR input (EXR, HDR, Logluv, etc.) | Merging to HDR from LDR images | HDR output (EXR, HDR, Logluv, etc.) | Tonemapping | Exposure fusion | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Panoweaver Standard / Professional [7] | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | |
| i2Align Quickage Express / Pro [8] | No | Yes* | Yes* | No | No | *) Pro version only. |
| Pixtra PanoStitcher | No | No | No | No | No | |
| Pixtra OmniStitcher | No | No | No | No | No | |
| QuickPHOTO [9] | No | No | No | No | Yes | |
| PhotoFit Harmony / Premium | No | No | No | No | No | |
| PanoramaPlus X4 | No | No | No | No | No | |
| PanoramaBuilder 7.0 / PanoramaBuilder 7.0 Pro | No | No | No | No | No | |
| 360 Panorama Professional | No | No | No | No | No | |
| VRstitcher Fisheye Pro | No | No | No | No | No | |
| COOL 360 | No | No | No | No | No | |
| The Panorama Factory v5 | No | No | No | No | No | |
| PixMaker Lite / Home / Business | No | No | No | No | No | |
| PTAssembler | No | No | No | No | Yes | Exposure fusion with TuFuse or enfuse. Automatic detection of image stacks. |
| PTgui / PTgui Pro | Yes* | Yes* | Yes* | Yes* | Yes* | Exposure fusion with infuse or TuFuse. *) Pro version only. |
| Autopano Pro / Giga / Server | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Ceased trading September 2018 |
| Autostitch | No | No | No | No | No | |
| Calico Panorama | No | No | No | No | No | |
| Hugin | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Exposure fusion with enfuse, automatic detection of image stacks. |
| 3DVista Stitcher 3.0 | No | No | No | No | No | |
| D Joiner | No | No | No | No | No | |
| Panorama Maker 6 | No | No | No | No | No | |
| Photovista Panorama | No | No | No | No | No | |
| PanoramaStudio | No | No | No | No | No | |
| Stitcher Unlimited 2009 [10] | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | |
| ADG Panorama Tools / Pro | No | No | No | No | No | |
| Panorama Composer 3 | No | No | No | No | No | |
| Image Composite Editor | No | No | No | No | No | Supports 16-bit camera raw input via WIC plugins |
| Panorama Perfect | No | No | No | No | No | |
| Photoshop | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | |
| AIPR Lite 1 | No | No | No | Yes* | No | (*) color mapping around the seams allows to preserve the original photometric properties of the images |
| Gigapan Stitch 1.0 | No | No | No | No | No | |
| PanoramaMaker | No | No | No | No | No | |
| Panorama Stitcher | Yes | No | No | No | No | |
| SharpStitch | Yes | No | No | No | No | |
| Pano2VR / Pano2VR pro | Yes | No | Yes | No | No | |
| Name | HDR input (EXR, HDR, Logluv, etc.) | Merging to HDR from LDR images | HDR output (EXR, HDR, Logluv, etc.) | Tonemapping | Exposure fusion | Notes |
| Name | Panorama leveling | Vignetting correction | Lens distortion correcting | White balance correction | Exposure correction | Viewpoint adjustment | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Panoweaver Standard / Professional [11] | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | |
| Dermandar | Yes | No | Yes | No | Yes | No | |
| i2Align Quickage Express / Pro [12] | Yes | ? | Yes | ? | Yes | No | |
| Pixtra PanoStitcher [13] | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | No | Also chromatic aberration correction if correction parameters provided |
| Pixtra OmniStitcher | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | No | Also chromatic aberration correction if correction parameters provided |
| QuickPHOTO | No | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | No | |
| PhotoFit Harmony / Premium [14] | Yes | ? | Yes | Yes | ? | No | |
| PanoramaPlus X4 [15] | Yes | ? | ? | ? | ? | No | |
| PanoramaBuilder 7.0 / PanoramaBuilder 7.0 Pro | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | No | |
| 360 Panorama Professional | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | No | |
| VRstitcher Fisheye Pro [16] | Yes | ? | Yes | ? | ? | No | |
| COOL 360 | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | No | |
| PanaVue ImageAssembler Std. / Pro. / Ent. [17] | Yes | ? | Yes | Yes | ? | No | |
| The Panorama Factory v5 [18] | ? | Yes | Yes | ? | ? | No | |
| PixMaker Lite / Home / Business | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | No | |
| PTAssembler [19] | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | |
| PTgui / PTgui Pro | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes [20] | |
| Autopano Pro / Giga / Server | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes* [21] | (*) Giga only. |
| Autostitch | Yes | No | No | No | No | No | |
| Calico Panorama | Yes | ? | ? | ? | ? | No | |
| Hugin | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes [22] | |
| 3DVista Stitcher 3.0 | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | No | |
| D Joiner [23] | No | No | No | No | No | No | |
| Panorama Maker 6 | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | No | |
| Photovista Panorama [24] | No | No | No | No | No | No | |
| PanoramaStudio / Pro [25] | Yes | Yes | Yes | ? | Yes | No | |
| Stitcher Unlimited 2009 | ? | ? | ? | Yes | ? | No | |
| ADG Panorama Tools / Pro | Yes | ? | ? | Yes | ? | No | |
| Panorama Composer 3 [26] | Yes | ? | ? | ? | ? | No | |
| Image Composite Editor | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | No | |
| Panorama Perfect [27] | Yes | Yes | ? | Yes | Yes | No | |
| Photoshop | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | |
| AIPR Lite 1 | No | Yes* | Yes | No | No | No | (*) color mapping about the seams greatly mitigates the effects of vignetting |
| Gigapan Stitch 1.0 | No | No | Yes | No | No | No | |
| PanoramaMaker | Yes | ? | Yes | ? | Yes | No | |
| Panorama Stitcher | Yes | Yes | Yes* | No | Yes | Yes | (*) Only for rectilinear lenses |
| SharpStitch | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | |
| Pano2VR / Pano2VR pro [28] | Yes | No | No | No | No | Yes | |
| Name | Panorama leveling | Vignetting correction | Lens distortion correcting | White balance correction | Exposure correction | Viewpoint adjustment | Notes |
| Name | Raster images (JPEG, TIFF, etc.) | Flash viewer | Java viewer | QTVR | HTML 5* | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Panoweaver Standard / Professional | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Includes free Flash and HTML5 viewer. |
| Dermandar | Yes | Yes | No | No | Yes | Includes free Flash and HTML5 viewer. |
| i2Align Quickage Express / Pro | Yes | No | No | No | No | |
| Pixtra PanoStitcher | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Includes ActiveX viewer & export. |
| Pixtra OmniStitcher | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Includes ActiveX viewer & export. |
| QuickPHOTO | Yes | No | No | No | No | |
| PhotoFit Harmony / Premium | Yes | No | No | Yes | No | |
| PanoramaPlus X4 | Yes | No | No | Yes | No | Flickr export. |
| PanoramaBuilder 7.0 / PanoramaBuilder 7.0 Pro | Yes | Yes* | No | No | No | (*) Planar viewer. |
| 360 Panorama Professional | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | No | |
| VRstitcher Fisheye Pro | Yes | No | Yes | ? | No | |
| COOL 360 [29] | Yes | No | No | Yes | No | Embedding of panoramas into executables (.exe) and Microsoft Office files. ActiveX viewer. |
| PanaVue ImageAssembler Std. / Pro. / Ent. | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | |
| The Panorama Factory v5 | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | No | |
| PixMaker Lite / Home / Business | Yes | ? | ? | ? | No | |
| PTAssembler | Yes | No | No | No | No | |
| PTgui / PTgui Pro | Yes | No | No | Yes | Yes [30] | |
| Autopano Pro / Giga / Server | Yes | Yes | No | No | No | |
| Autostitch | Yes | No | No | No | No | |
| Calico | Yes | No | ? | ? | ? | |
| Hugin | Yes | No | No | No | No | |
| 3DVista Stitcher 3.0 | Yes | No | No | No | No | |
| D Joiner | Yes | ? | Yes | No | No | |
| Panorama Maker 6 | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | |
| Photovista Panorama | Yes | No | Yes | No | No | IVR export. |
| PanoramaStudio / pro [31] | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | |
| Stitcher Unlimited 2009 | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | VRML export. |
| ADG Panorama Tools / Pro | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | No | |
| Panorama Composer 3 | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Includes ActiveX viewer & export. |
| Image Composite Editor | Yes | No | No | No | No | Publish to Photosynth website, Silverlight based viewer. |
| Panorama Perfect | Yes | No | No | No | No | |
| Photoshop | Yes | No | No | No | No | |
| AIPR Lite 1 | Yes | No | No | No | No | |
| Gigapan Stitch 1.0 | Yes | Yes | No | No | No | 3D viewer in stitcher / Publishing to gigapan.org 2D flash viewer / Embeddable flash viewer |
| PanoramaMaker | Yes | No | No | No | No | |
| PanoEdit | Yes | No | No | No | No | |
| SharpStitch | Yes | No | No | No | No | |
| Pano2VR / Pano2VR pro | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | |
| Name | Raster images (JPEG, TIFF, etc.) | Flash viewer | Java viewer | QTVR | HTML 5* | Notes |
(*) Export to HTML 5 usually means WebGL based viewer application.
| Name | Rectilinear lenses (i.e. normal camera lenses) | Fish eye lenses | Partial or full (spherical) panoramas or images from panoramic cameras | Different focal lengths in single panorama | Different lens types in single panorama | Perspective correction lenses | Other/Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Panoweaver Standard / Professional [32] | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | |
| i2Align Quickage Express / Pro | Yes | No | No | ? | ? | No | |
| Pixtra PanoStitcher [33] | Yes | No | No | Yes | No | No | |
| Pixtra OmniStitcher [34] | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | No | No | |
| QuickPHOTO | No | No | No | No | No | No | PROMICAM [35] microscope camera needed |
| PhotoFit Harmony / Premium | Yes | No | No | No | No | No | |
| PanoramaPlus X4 | Yes | No | No | No | No | No | |
| PanoramaBuilder 7.0 / PanoramaBuilder 7.0 Pro | Yes | No | No | No | No | No | |
| 360 Panorama Professional | Yes | No | No | No | No | No | |
| VRstitcher Fisheye Pro | Yes | Yes | No | No | No | No | |
| COOL 360 | Yes | No | No | No | No | No | |
| PanaVue ImageAssembler Std. / Pro. / Ent. | Yes | Yes* | No | No | No | ? | *) Circular fish eyes not supported, [36] diagonal fish eyes up to 180 degree field of view. |
| The Panorama Factory v5 | Yes | No | No | No | No | ||
| PixMaker Lite / Home / Business | Yes | No | No | No | No | No | |
| PTAssembler [37] | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | |
| PTgui / PTgui Pro | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | |
| Autopano Pro / Giga / Server | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Also supports motorized panoramic heads, in Giga & Pro versions. |
| Autostitch | Yes | ? | No | No | Yes | ? | |
| Calico Panorama | Yes | No | No | No | No | No | |
| Hugin | Yes | Yes* | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | * As of v2010.2 onwards, all known fish eye projections are supported (equisolid, orthographic, stereographic) |
| 3DVista Stitcher 3.0 | Yes | Yes | No | No | No | No | "One shot" i.e. panoramic mirror lenses also supported. |
| D Joiner | Yes | No | No | No | No | No | |
| Panorama Maker 6 | Yes | No | No | No | No | No | |
| Photovista Panorama | Yes | No | No | No | No | No | |
| PanoramaStudio / Pro | Yes | No | No | No | No | No | |
| Stitcher Unlimited 2009 | Yes | Yes | Yes | ? | ? | No | |
| ADG Panorama Tools / Pro [38] | Yes | No | Yes* | No | No | No | *) Cylindrical only |
| Panorama Composer 3 | Yes | No | No | No | No | No | |
| Image Composite Editor | Yes | No | No | No | No | No | |
| Panorama Perfect | Yes | No | No | No | No | No | |
| Photoshop | Yes | No | No | No | No | No | |
| AIPR Lite 1 | Yes | No | No | Yes | Yes | Yes* | (*) homographic model compensates for these type of lenses |
| Gigapan Stitch 1.0 | Yes | No | Yes | No | No | No | |
| PanoramaMaker | Yes | ? | ? | Yes | ? | ? | |
| PanoEdit | Yes | No | No | No | No | ? | |
| SharpStitch | Yes | No | No | No | No | No | |
| Name | Rectilinear lenses (i.e. normal camera lenses) | Fish eye lenses | Partial or full (spherical) panoramas or images from panoramic cameras | Different focal lengths in single panorama | Different lens types in single panorama | Perspective correction lenses | Other/Notes |
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Panoramic photography is a technique of photography, using specialized equipment or software, that captures images with horizontally elongated fields of view. It is sometimes known as wide format photography. The term has also been applied to a photograph that is cropped to a relatively wide aspect ratio, like the familiar letterbox format in wide-screen video.
Corel Photo-Paint is a raster graphics editor developed and marketed by Corel since 1992. Corel markets the software for Windows and Mac OS operating systems, previously having marketed versions for Linux. Its primary market competitor is Adobe Photoshop.
Panorama Tools(also known as PanoTools) are a suite of programs and libraries for image stitching, i.e., re-projecting and blending multiple source images into immersive panoramas of many types. It was originally written by German physics and mathematics professor Helmut Dersch. Panorama Tools provides a framework An updated version of the Panorama Tools library serves as the underlying core engine for many software panorama graphical user interface front ends.
Hugin is a cross-platform open source panorama photo stitching and HDR merging program developed by Pablo d'Angelo and others. It is a GUI front-end for Helmut Dersch's Panorama Tools and Andrew Mihal's Enblend and Enfuse. Stitching is accomplished by using several overlapping photos taken from the same location, and using control points to align and transform the photos so that they can be blended together to form a larger image. Hugin allows for the easy creation of control points between two images, optimization of the image transforms along with a preview window so the user can see whether the panorama is acceptable. Once the preview is correct, the panorama can be fully stitched, transformed and saved in a standard image format.
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Image stitching or photo stitching is the process of combining multiple photographic images with overlapping fields of view to produce a segmented panorama or high-resolution image. Commonly performed through the use of computer software, most approaches to image stitching require nearly exact overlaps between images and identical exposures to produce seamless results, although some stitching algorithms actually benefit from differently exposed images by doing high-dynamic-range imaging in regions of overlap. Some digital cameras can stitch their photos internally.
Scott Kelby is an American photographer and an author and publisher of periodicals dealing with photography and Adobe Photoshop software, for design professionals, photographers, and artists.
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