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The Politics of Burundi takes place in a framework of a transitional presidential representative democratic republic,whereby the President of Burundi is both head of state and head of government,and of a multi-party system. Executive power is exercised by the government. Legislative power is vested in both the government and the two chambers of parliament,the Senate and the National Assembly.
The BurundiNational Defence Force is the state military organisation responsible for the defence of Burundi.
Burundi's relations with its neighbours have often been affected by security concerns. Hundreds of thousands of Burundian refugees have at various times crossed to neighboring Rwanda,Tanzania,and the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Hundreds of thousands of Burundians are in neighboring countries as a result of the ongoing civil war. Most of them,more than 340,000 since 1993,are in Tanzania. Some Burundian rebel groups have used neighboring countries as bases for insurgent activities. The 1993 embargo placed on Burundi by regional states hurt diplomatic relations with its neighbors;relations have improved since the 1999 suspension of these sanctions.
Burundi originated in the 16th century as a small kingdom in the African Great Lakes region. After European contact,it was united with the Kingdom of Rwanda,becoming the colony of Ruanda-Urundi - first colonised by Germany and then by Belgium. The colony gained independence in 1962,and split once again into Rwanda and Burundi. It is one of the few countries in Africa to be a direct territorial continuation of a pre-colonial era African state.
The National Council for the Defense of Democracy –Forces for the Defense of Democracy is the major political party in Burundi. During the Burundian Civil War,the CNDD–FDD was the most significant rebel group active and became a major political party in Burundi. The party's rule has been described as authoritarian.
Pierre Nkurunziza was a Burundian politician who served as the ninth president of Burundi for almost 15 years from August 2005 until his death in June 2020.
The position of vice-president of the Republic of Burundi was created in June 1998,when a transitional constitution went into effect. It replaced the post of Prime Minister.
In 1962,the United States established diplomatic relations with Burundi when it gained its independence from Belgium. Following independence,the country experienced political assassinations,ethnic violence,and cyclical periods of armed conflict;several governments were installed through coups. The 2000 Arusha Peace and Reconciliation Agreement provided a negotiated settlement framework that,along with later ceasefire agreements,led to the end of the 1993-2006 civil war. President Pierre Nkurunziza's decision to seek a third presidential term in 2015 sparked protests in the capital and was followed by a failed coup d’état. The resultant violence and political and economic crises resulted in massive refugee flows to neighboring countries. The United States Embassy in Burundi's policy states:"The United States supports the achievement of long-term stability and prosperity in Burundi through broad,inclusive reconciliation;humanitarian assistance;economic growth;and the promotion of political openness and expansion of democratic freedoms. The United States supports the East African Community (EAC)-facilitated Burundian dialogue and other conflict resolution efforts within Burundi. The United States seeks to facilitate Burundi's deeper integration into regional and international markets,as a means to promote sustainable economic development."
Burundi,officially the Republic of Burundi,is a landlocked country in the Great Rift Valley at the junction between the African Great Lakes region and East Africa. It is bordered by Rwanda to the north,Tanzania to the east and southeast,and the Democratic Republic of the Congo to the west;Lake Tanganyika lies along its southwestern border. The capital cities are Gitega and Bujumbura,the latter being the country's largest city.
Parliamentary elections were held in Burundi on 29 June 2015. The vote had been initially set for 5 June 2015,alongside local elections,but it was delayed due to unrest. Indirect elections to the Senate occurred on 24 July.
Presidential elections were held in Burundi on 21 July 2015. President Pierre Nkurunziza ran for a third term despite controversy over whether he was eligible to run again. The opposition boycotted the vote,and Nkurunziza won re-election.
On 25 April 2015,the ruling political party in Burundi,the National Council for the Defense of Democracy –Forces for the Defense of Democracy (CNDD-FDD),announced that the incumbent President of Burundi,Pierre Nkurunziza,would run for a third term in the 2015 presidential election. The announcement sparked protests by those opposed to Nkurunziza seeking a third term in office.
On 13 May 2015,army general Godefroid Niyombare said that he was "dismissing President Pierre Nkurunziza" following the 2015 Burundian unrest. However,the presidency tweeted that the "situation is under control" and there is "no coup".
The Constitutional Court is the supreme authority on Burundi's constitutional law. The Constitutional Court deals with the interpretation of the Constitution of 2005 and is considered the country's second highest court. In conjunction with the Burundian Supreme Court,the Constitutional Court can sit en banc as a High Court of Justice with special prerogatives,such as the power to try an incumbent president. It sits at Bujumbura and its incumbent president is Charles Ndagijimana.
General Évariste Ndayishimiye is a Burundian politician who has served as the tenth President of Burundi since 18 June 2020. He became involved in the rebel National Council for the Defense of Democracy –Forces for the Defense of Democracy during the Burundian Civil War and rose up the ranks of its militia. At the end of the conflict,he entered the Burundian Army and held a number of political offices under the auspices of President Pierre Nkurunziza. Nkurunziza endorsed Ndayishimiye as his successor ahead of the 2020 elections which he won with a large majority.
Jean-Jacques Nyenimigabo is a Burundian politician. He was the former Minister of Youth,Culture and Sports in Burundi,having been appointed to the position in 2010 by the former president of Burundi,Pierre Nkurunziza. His term began on August 30,2010. He is the member of parliament of Mubuga zone.
Jean Baptiste Gahimbare is a Burundian politician. Gahimbare was the former Minister of Good Governance,Privatization,General Inspection of the State and Local Administration in Burundi,having been appointed to the position in 2010 by the former president of Burundi,Pierre Nkurunziza. The term began on August 30,2010.
Moïse Bucumi is a Burundian politician. He was the former Minister of Water,Energy and Minerals in Burundi,having been appointed to the position in 2010 by the former president of Burundi,Pierre Nkurunziza. His term began on August 30,2010.
Jean Bosco Ndikumana is a Burundian politician. Ndikumana was the former Minister of Justice and Keeper of the Government Seals in Burundi,having been appointed to the position in 2007 by the former president of Burundi,Pierre Nkurunziza. The term began on 14 November 2007.
Emmanuel Gikoro is a Burundian politician. He was the former Minister of Public Health and HIV/Aids fight in Burundi,having been appointed to the position in 2007 by the former president of Burundi,Pierre Nkurunziza. His term began on 14 November 2007.
References
- ↑ ITU Pictures (2011-05-15), DSC_0377 , retrieved 2024-01-04
- ↑ "Disputes within UPRONA party". IWACU English News. Retrieved 2024-01-04.
- 1 2 "Archived Newsroom • Photo Display". www.itu.int. Retrieved 2024-01-04.
- ↑ "Charles Nditije Avuga kw'Ivyatangajwe Na Concilie Nibigira Bidafise Ifatiro". Ijwi ry'Amerika (in Kinyarwanda). 2014. Retrieved 2024-01-04.
- 1 2 Archive, No (2011-09-30). "Burundi media defy censorship order". Committee to Protect Journalists. Retrieved 2024-01-04.
- ↑ https://www.opennetafrica.org/media-black-out-following-a-massacre/
- 1 2 "IST-Africa". www.ist-africa.org. Retrieved 2024-01-04.
- ↑ ISSAfrica.org (2015-08-24). "The true price of Nkurunziza's third term". ISS Africa. Retrieved 2024-01-04.
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