Related Research Articles
The politics of Bolivia takes place in a tree of a presidential representative democratic republic, whereby the president is head of state, head of government and head of a diverse multi-party system. Executive power is exercised by the government. Legislative power is vested in both the government and the two chambers of parliament. Both the Judiciary and the electoral branch are independent of the executive and the legislature. After the 2015 election, 53.3% of the seats in national parliament were held by women, a higher proportion of women than that of the population.
Abortion laws vary widely among countries and territories, and have changed over time. Such laws range from abortion being freely available on request, to regulation or restrictions of various kinds, to outright prohibition in all circumstances. Many countries and territories that allow abortion have gestational limits for the procedure depending on the reason; with the majority being up to 12 weeks for abortion on request, up to 24 weeks for rape, incest, or socioeconomic reasons, and more for fetal impairment or risk to the woman's health or life. As of 2022, countries that legally allow abortion on request or for socioeconomic reasons comprise about 60% of the world's population.
Ayuntamiento is the general term for the town council, or cabildo, of a municipality or, sometimes, as is often the case in Spain and Latin America, for the municipality itself. Ayuntamiento is mainly used in Spain; in Latin America alcaldía is also for municipal governing bodies, especially the executive ones, where the legislative body and the executive body are two separate entities. In Catalan-speaking parts of Spain, municipalities generally use the Catalan cognate, ajuntament, while Galician ones use the word concello, Astur-Leonese conceyu and Basque udaletxea. Since ayuntamiento is a metonym for the building in which the council meets, it also translates to "city/town hall" in English.
In law, a sentence is the punishment for a crime ordered by a trial court after conviction in a criminal procedure, normally at the conclusion of a trial. A sentence may consist of imprisonment, a fine, or other sanctions. Sentences for multiple crimes may be a concurrent sentence, where sentences of imprisonment are all served together at the same time, or a consecutive sentence, in which the period of imprisonment is the sum of all sentences served one after the other. Additional sentences include intermediate, which allows an inmate to be free for about 8 hours a day for work purposes; determinate, which is fixed on a number of days, months, or years; and indeterminate or bifurcated, which mandates the minimum period be served in an institutional setting such as a prison followed by street time period of parole, supervised release or probation until the total sentence is completed.
The Political Constitution of Colombia of 1991, is the Constitution of the Republic of Colombia. It was promulgated in Constitutional Gazette number 114 on Thursday, July 4, 1991, and is also known as the Constitution of Human Rights. It replaced the Political Constitution of 1886 and was issued during the presidency of the liberal César Gaviria, with ideas from the also liberal Luis Carlos Galán.
The Independent Movement of Absolute Renovation is a political party in Colombia, founded on March 21, 2000 by 51,095 Colombians led by lawyer and former senator Carlos Alberto Baena and Alexandra Moreno Piraquive. The party also has functions as a non-profit organization. It has representation in the Chamber of Representatives and in the Senate of the Congress of Colombia, and has also participated in the public corporations of Colombia at a regional level, being stated as the eighth-most influential political force in the country.
Michael Angelo Morales is an American convicted murderer who was scheduled to be executed by the State of California on February 21, 2006. Two hours before the scheduled execution, the State of California notified the 9th Circuit Court of Appeals that they could not comply with a lower federal judge's ruling that the execution must be carried out by a medical professional due to the chemical used in the execution. Consequently, California has indefinitely suspended Morales's execution. The case subsequently led to a moratorium on capital punishment in California entirely, as the only legal method of execution must be carried out with the participation of a licensed physician, who are ethically prohibited from participating in executions.
Gustavo Francisco Petro Urrego is a Colombian economist, politician, and former member of the M19 armed guerrilla movement, who is the current president of Colombia since 2022. Upon his inauguration, he became the first left-wing president in the recent history of Colombia.
Abortion in Colombia is freely available on request up to the 24th week of pregnancy, due to a ruling by the Constitutional Court on February 21, 2022. Later in pregnancy, it is only allowed in cases of risk of death to the mother, fetal malformation, or rape, according to a Constitutional Court ruling in 2006.
The law of Panama is based on civil law with influences from Spanish legal tradition and Roman laws. For the first several years of its existence Panamanian law depended upon the legal code inherited from Colombia. The first Panamanian codes, promulgated in 1917, were patterned upon those of Colombia and other Latin American states that had earlier broken away from the Spanish Empire. Therefore, Panama's legal heritage incorporated elements from Spain and its colonies.
Carlos Eduardo Medellín Becerra is a Colombian lawyer and diplomat and has served as Minister of Justice of Colombia and as Ambassador of Colombia to the United Kingdom.
Viviane Aleyda Morales Hoyos was the 7th Attorney General of Colombia and the first woman to hold that post. She was elected by the Supreme Court of Justice out of a list of three candidates presented by President Juan Manuel Santos Calderón that also included Juan Carlos Esguerra Portocarrero and Carlos Gustavo Arrieta Padilla. On 2 March 2012, she resigned days after her election as Attorney General was invalidated by the Council of State due to irregularities in her election. Her resignation was accepted on 5 March 2012 by the Supreme Court.
The Scottish Sentencing Council is an advisory non-departmental public body in Scotland that produces sentencing guidelines for use in the High Court of Justiciary, sheriff courts and justice of the peace courts. Judges, sheriffs, and justices of the peace must use the guidelines to inform the sentence they pronounce against a convict, and they must give reasons for not following the guidelines.
María José Segarra Crespo, is a Spanish jurist, Attorney General between 2018 and 2020. She began her career in the prosecutor's office in 1987. From 2004 to 2018 she was in charge of the Prosecutor's Office of Province of Seville.
Eduardo Torres-Dulce Lifante, is a Spanish prosecutor, professor of Criminal Law and a film critic. He was, from December 2011 to December 2014, State Attorney General. He has now returned to his position as Prosecutor at the Constitutional Court.
Martha Lucía Zamora Ávila is a Colombian lawyer and politician. She served as Attorney General of Colombia from 5 to 29 March 2012, after the resignation of Viviane Morales.
Amid the COVID-19 pandemic, anti-abortion government officials in several American states enacted or attempted to enact restrictions on abortion, characterizing it as a non-essential procedure that can be suspended during the medical emergency. The orders have led to several legal challenges and criticism by abortion-rights groups and several national medical organizations, including the American Medical Association. Legal challenges on behalf of abortion providers, many of which are represented by the American Civil Liberties Union and Planned Parenthood, have successfully stopped some of the orders on a temporary basis, though bans in several states have not been challenged.
María Claudia Rojas Lasso is a Colombian jurist who serves as chairman of the Investigative Chamber of the FIFA Ethics Committee since 11 May 2017. From January 2014 to March 2015, she was the judge of the country's highest administrative court as President of the Council of State of Colombia. She is a specialist in bioethics and an expert in analysis and conflict resolution and graduated in international tax law.
Kontacto is a case of colombian national political corruption that began with the use of a system structured by a digital application and the logistical spread of around 1,500 contractors from various public entities, to favor the election of figures close to the colombian Colombian Liberal Party in various corporations in the department of Risaralda, through coercion of public officials and contractors. Its operation was based on a pyramid scheme with the renewal of their public contracts promess, based on the volume of voters registered into the database managed from the Pereira mayor's office, according to the denominations of: Quarterback, Pitcher and Catcher. Evidence shows that up to 55,000 people from the Metropolitan Area were housed in the system, most of them without authorization and others with complete ignorance on it, as demonstrated by the swedish computer forensics group Qurium in coordination with the media. Investigative Cuestión Pública and with the subsequent confirmation of the Karisma Foundation. This fact became known after a citizen complaint in 2019 regional elections performance, involving the former mayor of Pereira and today senator Juan Pablo Gallo, the current mayor Carlos Maya, the former representative of the Chamber Diego Naranjo Escobar, the company GoDaddy, the Office of the Attorney General of Colombia, Senator Samy Meregh and the former president and permanent leader of the Colombian Liberal Party César Gaviria Trujillo.
References
- 1 2 Litigation 2016: Colombia Archived 2016-06-01 at the Wayback Machine , Latin Lawyer
- ↑ Linea de Tiempo (timeline) Archived 2016-03-29 at the Wayback Machine , Council of State website
- 1 2 Organigrama Archived 2016-06-29 at the Wayback Machine , Council of State website
- 1 2 "Consejo de Estado", El Tiempo (Colombia)
- ↑ "The Colombian Council of State Issues its First Legal Opinion on Domain Names", Mondaq, March 6, 2002
- ↑ "Q&A: CRITIC QUESTIONS RATIONALE FOR U.S. BASES IN COLOMBIA." Inter Press Service English Newswire. IPS Inter Press Service News Agency (IPS). August 14, 2009.
- ↑ Brodzinsky, Sibylla. "US and Colombia sign accord for US to access military bases.(WORLD)." The Christian Science Monitor. The Christian Science Publishing Society. October 30, 2009.
- ↑ Prada, Elena; Isaac Maddow-Zimet,; Fatima Juarez. "The Cost of Postabortion Care and Legal Abortion in Colombia." International Perspectives on Sexual and Reproductive Health. Guttmacher Institute. September 1, 2013.
- ↑ "Colombia’s Council of State Unseats Viviane Morales as Chief Prosecutor", Council on Hemispheric Affairs, March 2, 2012
- ↑ "Colombia's Council of State Suspends Isagen Stake Sale." SeeNews Latin America. Aii Data Processing Ltd. May 15, 2015.
