Crofters Party

Last updated

The results of the 1885 UK general election in Scotland, showing the western Highlands and Caithness having elected MPs from the Crofters Party United Kingdom general election 1885 in Scotland.svg
The results of the 1885 UK general election in Scotland, showing the western Highlands and Caithness having elected MPs from the Crofters Party

The Crofters' Party was the parliamentary arm of the Highland Land League. It gained five MPs in the 1885 general election and a sixth the following year.

Contents

The Highland Land League had started on the Isle of Skye, and in 1884 protest action was much more widespread: many thousands of crofters became members of the Highland Land League. A number of candidates stood with the Highland Land League's backing in the 1885 general election and in subsequent elections in the rest of the 19th century.

MPs

The MPs elected with the backing of the Highland Land League formed themselves into the Crofters' Party, although they were also known as Independent Liberals. The MPs were: [1]

Also standing in 1885 was Walter McLaren, a Land League-endorsed Independent Liberal who was beaten by Liberal candidate Robert Finlay in the Inverness Burghs.

A year later Parliament passed the Crofters Act, formally the Crofters' Holdings (Scotland) Act 1886, which applied to croft tenure in an area which is now recognisable as a definition of the Highlands and Islands [2] The Act granted real security of tenure of existing crofts and established the first Crofters Commission [3] which had rent-fixing powers. Rents were generally reduced and 50% or more of outstanding arrears were cancelled. The Act failed however to address the issue of severely limited access to land, and crofters renewed their protest actions.[ citation needed ]

At the same time there was a shift in the political climate: William Gladstone's Liberal government fell from power; the new Conservative government was much less sympathetic to the plight of crofters and much more willing to use troops to quell protests. [4] The Liberal Party appeared to adopt and champion Land League objectives and, as a distinct parliamentary force, the Land League fragmented during the 1890s.[ citation needed ]

Electoral results

Constituency 1885 1886 1892 1894 1895 1895
Argyllshire Macfarlane * (Ind. Lib.) Malcolm† (U.) Macfarlane * (Lib.) Nicol† (U., to 1903)
Caithness Clark *‡ (Ind. Lib., then Lib.)
Inverness-shire Fraser-Mackintosh * (Ind. Lib., then Lib. U.) MacGregor * (Lib.) Baillie‡ (U.)
Inverness Burghs Finlay (Lib.) Finlay (now Lib. U.) Beith (Lib.) Finlay (Lib. U., to 1906)
Ross and Cromarty Macdonald * (Ind. Lib., then Lib.) Weir * (Lib., to 1911)
Sutherland Mqs of Stafford (Lib.) Sutherland * (Ind. Lib., then Lib.) MacLeod *† (Lib.)
Wick Burghs Cameron * (WRWA, then Lib.) Pender† (Lib. U., resigned 1896)
References [1] [5] [1] [5] [1] [6] [1] [7] [1] [1] [7]

Candidates with asterisks (*) and names in bold were endorsed by the Land League as Crofters Party candidates. Candidates with a dagger (†) were elected ahead of candidates endorsed by the Land League. Candidates with a double dagger (‡) were unseated in the 1900 United Kingdom general election. John Macdonald Cameron, MP for Wick Burghs, ran under the banner of the Wick Radical Workingmen's Association in 1885, but was endorsed by the Land League; subsequently he ran as the official Liberal Party candidate. Liberal Unionist John Pender beat John Macdonald Cameron in 1892 but his 1896 opponent was not Land League endorsed.

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Highland (council area)</span> Council area of Scotland

Highland is a council area in the Scottish Highlands and is the largest local government area in the United Kingdom. It was the 7th most populous council area in Scotland at the 2011 census. It shares borders with the council areas of Aberdeenshire, Argyll and Bute, Moray and Perth and Kinross. Their councils, and those of Angus and Stirling, also have areas of the Scottish Highlands within their administrative boundaries.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Dornoch</span> Town in Highlands, Scotland

Dornoch is a town, seaside resort, parish and former royal burgh in the county of Sutherland in the Highlands of Scotland. It lies on the north shore of the Dornoch Firth, near to where it opens into the Moray Firth to the east.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Highland Land League</span> Political group active in the 1880s and 1890s

The first Highland Land League emerged as a distinct political force in Scotland during the 1880s, with its power base in the country's Highlands and Islands. It was known also as the Highland Land Law Reform Association and the Crofters' Party. It was consciously modelled on the Irish Land League.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Caithness, Sutherland and Easter Ross (UK Parliament constituency)</span> Parliamentary constituency in the United Kingdom, 1997 onwards

Caithness, Sutherland and Easter Ross is a constituency of the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom (Westminster). It is the most northerly constituency on the British mainland. It elects one Member of Parliament (MP) by the first-past-the-post system of election.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Caithness and Sutherland (UK Parliament constituency)</span> Parliamentary constituency in the United Kingdom, 1918–1997

Caithness and Sutherland was a county constituency of the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom from 1918 to 1997. It elected one Member of Parliament (MP) by the first past the post system of election.

Sutherland was a Scottish constituency of the House of Commons of the Parliament of Great Britain from 1708 to 1801 and of the Parliament of the United Kingdom from 1801 to 1918.

Ross and Cromarty was a county constituency of the House of Commons of the UK Parliament from 1832 to 1983. It elected one Member of Parliament (MP) using the first-past-the-post voting system.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Crofters Holdings (Scotland) Act 1886</span> United Kingdom legislation

The Crofters Holdings (Scotland) Act 1886 is an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom that created legal definitions of crofting parish and crofter, granted security of land tenure to crofters and produced the first Crofters Commission, a land court which ruled on disputes between landlords and crofters. The same court ruled on whether parishes were or were not crofting parishes. In many respects the Act was modelled on the Irish Land Acts of 1870 and 1881. By granting the crofters security of tenure, the Act put an end to the Highland Clearances.

The Napier Commission, officially the Royal Commission of Inquiry into the Condition of Crofters and Cottars in the Highlands and Islands was a royal commission and public inquiry into the condition of crofters and cottars in the Highlands and Islands of Scotland.

Inverness Burghs was a district of burghs constituency of the House of Commons of the Parliament of Great Britain from 1708 to 1801 and of the Parliament of the United Kingdom from 1801 to 1918. It elected one Member of Parliament (MP).

Inverness-shire was a county constituency of the House of Commons of the Parliament of Great Britain from 1708 to 1801 and of the Parliament of the United Kingdom from 1801 until 1918.

Caithness was a county constituency of the House of Commons of the Parliament of Great Britain from 1708 to 1801 and of the Parliament of the United Kingdom from 1801 to 1918.

Inverness was a county constituency of the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom from 1918 until 1983. It elected one Member of Parliament (MP) by the first-past-the-post system of election.

Wick Burghs, sometimes known as Northern Burghs, was a constituency of the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom from 1832 to 1918. It elected one Member of Parliament (MP) by the first past the post voting system.

Charles Fraser-Mackintosh was a Scottish lawyer, land developer, author, and independent Liberal and Crofters Party politician. He was a significant champion of the Scottish Gaelic language in Victorian Britain.

John Macdonald Cameron was a Scottish chemist and Liberal Party politician who sat in the House of Commons from 1885 to 1892.

John Macleod, sometimes John Macleod of Gartymore, was MP for Sutherland, representing the Crofters Party.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Caithness, Sutherland and Ross (Scottish Parliament constituency)</span> Region or constituency of the Scottish Parliament

Caithness, Sutherland and Ross is a constituency of the Scottish Parliament covering the northern part of the Highland council area. It elects one Member of the Scottish Parliament (MSP) by the first past the post method of election. It is also one of eight constituencies in the Highlands and Islands electoral region, which elects seven additional members, in addition to eight constituency MSPs, to produce a form of proportional representation for the region as a whole.

The Wick Burghs by-election was a Parliamentary by-election held on 8 December 1913. It was a Scottish Highland constituency that returned one Member of Parliament (MP) to the House of Commons of the United Kingdom, elected by the first past the post voting system. The constituency was a district of burghs representing the parliamentary burghs of Cromarty, Dingwall, Dornoch, Kirkwall, Tain and Wick. The by-election took place during the third anniversary of the Liberal Government's re-election of December 1910. It was thought to be a key indicator to the outcome of the following general election anticipated to take place in 1914–15.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">1885 United Kingdom general election in Scotland</span>

A general election was held in the United Kingdom between 24 November and 18 December 1885 and 70 constituency seats in Scotland were contested. One of the two university seats for Scotland was also contested. Scotland had gained 12 seats since the previous election as a result of the Redistribution of Seats Act 1885, and the electorate had increased from 293,581 to 560,580 as a result of the Representation of the People Act 1884.

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Craig, F. W. S. (1989) [1974]. British parliamentary election results 1885–1918 (2nd ed.). Chichester: Parliamentary Research Services. p. 527. ISBN   0-900178-27-2.
  2. The ancient counties of Argyll, Inverness-shire, Ross and Cromarty, Sutherland, Caithness, Orkney and Shetland. The name is used now as a name for an electoral area of the Scottish Parliament; see Highlands and Islands .
  3. The same name was given to a different body in 1955 Commission website today Archived 2010-11-21 at the Wayback Machine
  4. Hunter, James (1999). Last of the Free: A History of the Highlands and Islands of Scotland. Edinburgh: Mainstream Publishing. p. 323.
  5. 1 2 Debrett's House of Commons and the Judicial Bench, 1889
  6. Whitaker's Almanack, 1893
  7. 1 2 Debrett's House of Commons and the Judicial Bench, 1901