| Cruentotrema | |
|---|---|
Scientific classification  | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Fungi |
| Division: | Ascomycota |
| Class: | Lecanoromycetes |
| Order: | Graphidales |
| Family: | Graphidaceae |
| Genus: | Cruentotrema Rivas Plata, Papong, Lumbsch & Lücking (2012) |
| Type species | |
| Cruentotrema cruentatum (Mont.) Rivas Plata, Lumbsch & Lücking (2012) | |
| Species | |
C. amazonum Contents | |
Cruentotrema is a genus of corticolous (bark-dwelling) lichens in the family Graphidaceae. It has seven species.
The genus was circumscribed in 2012 by Rivas Plata, Papong, H. Thorsten Lumbsch, and Robert Lücking, with Cruentotrema cruentatum assigned as the type species. This enigmatic lichen had previously been described three times under different names: as Stictis cruentataMont. (1855), as Arthothelium puniceumMüll.Arg. (1893), and as Thelotrema rhododiscumHomchantara and Coppins (2002). Molecular phylogenetics revealed its true affinities in the subfamily Fissurinoideae of the family Graphidaceae. The genus name combines the species epithet of the type species with the suffix -trema. Three species were included in the original circumscription of the genus. [1]
Characteristics of the genus include rounded, erumpent ascomata, a carbonised (blackened) excipulum , the absence of a columella, and inamyloid asci and hamathecium . The ascospores of Cruentotrema lichens number eight per ascus, and are colourless and ellipsoid with thick septa and diamond-shaped chambers ( lumina ) of the Trypethelium -type. [1]
The Graphidaceae are a family of lichen-forming fungi in the order Graphidales. The family contains nearly a hundred genera and more than 2000 species. Although the family has a cosmopolitan distribution, most Graphidaceae species occur in tropical regions, and typically grow on bark.
Fissurina is a genus of lichenized fungi in the family Graphidaceae. It has about 160 species, most of which are found in tropical regions.
Diorygma is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Graphidaceae. The genus was circumscribed by Franz Gerhard Eschweiler in 1824. Species of the genus are widely distributed in tropical and subtropical regions of the world.
Acanthothecis is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Graphidaceae. The genus was circumscribed by Frederick Edward Clements in 1909.
Myriotrema is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Graphidaceae.
Leucodecton is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Graphidaceae. The genus was circumscribed in 1860 by Swiss lichenologist Abramo Bartolommeo Massalongo, with Leucodecton compunctum assigned as the type species.
Chapsa is a genus of lichens in the family Graphidaceae. The genus was circumscribed by Italian lichenologist Abramo Bartolommeo Massalongo in 1860.
Malmidea is a genus of crustose lichens and the type genus of the family Malmideaceae. It was established in 2011 to contain a phylogenetically distinct group of species formerly placed in the genus Malcolmiella. Malmidea comprises more than 50 mostly tropical species that grow on bark, although a few grow on leaves.
Coenogonium is a genus of crustose lichens in the monotypic family Coenogoniaceae. It has about 90 species. Most species are leaf-dwelling or grow on bark, although a few are known to grow on rocks under certain conditions, and some are restricted to growth on termite nests. The genus was circumscribed in 1820 by German naturalist Christian Gottfried Ehrenberg.
Astrochapsa is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the subfamily Graphidoideae of the family Graphidaceae. It has 28 species. The genus was circumscribed by Sittiporn Parnmen, Robert Lücking, and H. Thorsten Lumbsch in 2012, with Astrochapsa astroidea assigned as the type species. It was segregated from the genus Chapsa, from which it differs in having a more frequently densely corticate thallus, an apothecial margin that is mostly recurved, and the almost exclusively subdistoseptate, non-amyloid ascospores.
Wirthiotrema is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Graphidaceae. The genus was circumscribed in 2010 by Eimy Rivas Plata, Klaus Kalb, Andreas Frisch, and H. Thorsten Lumbsch, with Wirthiotrema glaucopallens assigned as the type species. Wirthiotrema contains species that were formerly considered part of the Thelotrema glaucopallens species group. The genus name honours lichenologist Volkmar Wirth, "for his numerous outstanding contributions to lichenology".
Halegrapha is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Graphidaceae. It has nine species. The genus was circumscribed in 2011 by Eimy Rivas Plata and Robert Lücking, with Halegrapha chimaera assigned as the type species. The generic name honors American lichenologist Mason Hale.
Rhabdodiscus is a genus of script lichens in the family Graphidaceae. It has 36 species.
Pseudochapsa is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Graphidaceae. It has 19 species. It was circumscribed in 2012 by Sittiporn Parnmen, Robert Lücking, and Helge Thorsten Lumbsch, with Pseudochapsa dilatata as the type species. Pseudochapsa differs from Chapsa it that its excipulum is typically brown. Additionally, its ascospores are mostly discoseptate and amyloid. The generic name combines the Greek pseudo ("false") with the genus name Chapsa.
Robert Lücking is a German lichenologist. He earned his master's and PhD from the University of Ulm, focusing on the taxonomy, ecology, and biodiversity of foliicolous lichens. He has received numerous awards for his work, including the Mason E. Hale award for his doctoral thesis, the Augustin Pyramus de Candolle prize for his monograph, and the Tuckerman Award twice for his publications in The Bryologist. Since 2015, he has been serving as the curator of lichens, fungi, and bryophytes at the Berlin Botanical Garden and Botanical Museum, and several lichen species and a genus have been named in his honour.
Graphidales is an order of lichen-forming fungi in the class Lecanoromycetes. It contains 6 families, about 81 genera and about 2,228 species. Family Graphidaceae are the largest crustose family within Graphidales order comprising more than 2000 species, which are widely distributed in tropical and subtropical regions of the world.
Clandestinotrema is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Graphidaceae. It has 17 species. They typically inhabit montane and cloud forest at higher elevations in the tropics.
Gintarasia is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Graphidaceae. It has seven species, all of which are found in Australia. Gintarasia species are corticolous (bark-dwelling), crustose lichens with a thelotremoid form.
Compositrema is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Graphidaceae. It has four species. The genus was circumscribed in 2012 by lichenologists Eimy Rivas Plata, Robert Lücking, and Helge Thorsten Lumbsch, with C. cerebriforme assigned as the type species. The genus is distinguished by its unique, composite pseudostromatic ascomata, which sets it apart from the otherwise similar genus Stegobolus.