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Electron ionization is an ionization method in which energetic electrons interact with solid or gas phase atoms or molecules to produce ions. EI was one of the first ionization techniques developed for mass spectrometry. However,this method is still a popular ionization technique. This technique is considered a hard ionization method,since it uses highly energetic electrons to produce ions. This leads to extensive fragmentation,which can be helpful for structure determination of unknown compounds. EI is the most useful for organic compounds which have a molecular weight below 600. Also,several other thermally stable and volatile compounds in solid,liquid and gas states can be detected with the use of this technique when coupled with various separation methods.
In mass spectrometry,matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) is an ionization technique that uses a laser energy-absorbing matrix to create ions from large molecules with minimal fragmentation. It has been applied to the analysis of biomolecules and various organic molecules,which tend to be fragile and fragment when ionized by more conventional ionization methods. It is similar in character to electrospray ionization (ESI) in that both techniques are relatively soft ways of obtaining ions of large molecules in the gas phase,though MALDI typically produces far fewer multi-charged ions.
Electron-capture dissociation (ECD) is a method of fragmenting gas-phase ions for structure elucidation of peptides and proteins in tandem mass spectrometry. It is one of the most widely used techniques for activation and dissociation of mass selected precursor ion in MS/MS. It involves the direct introduction of low-energy electrons to trapped gas-phase ions.
Thermospray is a soft ionization source by which a solvent flow of liquid sample passes through a very thin heated column to become a spray of fine liquid droplets. As a form of atmospheric pressure ionization in mass spectrometry these droplets are then ionized via a low-current discharge electrode to create a solvent ion plasma. A repeller then directs these charged particles through the skimmer and acceleration region to introduce the aerosolized sample to a mass spectrometer. It is particularly useful in liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS).
Laser spray ionization refers to one of several methods for creating ions using a laser interacting with a spray of neutral particles or ablating material to create a plume of charged particles. The ions thus formed can be separated by m/z with mass spectrometry. Laser spray is one of several ion sources that can be coupled with liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry for the detection of larger molecules.
Desorption atmospheric pressure photoionization (DAPPI) is an ambient ionization technique for mass spectrometry that uses hot solvent vapor for desorption in conjunction with photoionization. Ambient Ionization techniques allow for direct analysis of samples without pretreatment. The direct analysis technique,such as DAPPI,eliminates the extraction steps seen in most nontraditional samples. DAPPI can be used to analyze bulkier samples,such as,tablets,powders,resins,plants,and tissues. The first step of this technique utilizes a jet of hot solvent vapor. The hot jet thermally desorbs the sample from a surface. The vaporized sample is then ionized by the vacuum ultraviolet light and consequently sampled into a mass spectrometer. DAPPI can detect a range of both polar and non-polar compounds,but is most sensitive when analyzing neutral or non-polar compounds. This technique also offers a selective and soft ionization for highly conjugated compounds.
Ambient ionization is a form of ionization in which ions are formed in an ion source outside the mass spectrometer without sample preparation or separation. Ions can be formed by extraction into charged electrospray droplets,thermally desorbed and ionized by chemical ionization,or laser desorbed or ablated and post-ionized before they enter the mass spectrometer.
In mass spectrometry,liquid junction interface is an ion source or set-up that couples peripheric devices,such as capillary electrophoresis,to mass spectrometry.
Milton L. Lee is the H. Tracy Hall Professor of Chemistry at Brigham Young University (BYU).
Richard Dale Smith is a chemist and a Battelle Fellow and chief scientist within the biological sciences division,as well as the director of proteomics research at the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL). Smith is also director of the NIH Proteomics Research Resource for Integrative Biology,an adjunct faculty member in the chemistry departments at Washington State University and the University of Utah,and an affiliate faculty member at the University of Idaho and the Department of Molecular Microbiology &Immunology,Oregon Health &Science University. He is the author or co-author of approximately 1100 peer-reviewed publications and has been awarded 70 US patents.
Robert Reed Squires was an American chemist known for his work in gas phase ion chemistry and flowing afterglow mass spectrometry.
The Aston Medal is awarded by the British Mass Spectrometry Society to individuals who have worked in the United Kingdom and have made outstanding contributions to our understanding of the biological,chemical,engineering,mathematical,medical,or physical sciences relating directly to mass spectrometry. The medal is named after one of Britain's founders of mass spectrometry and 1922 Nobel prize winner Francis William Aston.
The British Mass Spectrometry Society is a registered charity founded in 1964 that encourages participation in every aspect of mass spectrometry. It aims to encourage participation in all aspects of mass spectrometry on the widest basis,to promote knowledge and advancement in the field and to provide a forum for the exchange of views and information. It is committed to ensuring equal opportunities and reflecting the diversity of the society as a whole. The first foundations of the BMSS were laid in 1949 with the establishment of the Mass Spectrometry Panel by the Hydrocarbon Research Group.
John H. Beynon FRS was a Welsh chemist and physicist known for his work in mass spectrometry.
A. Gareth Brenton FLSW. is a Welsh physicist and chemist known for his work in mass spectrometry.
Ron M.A. Heeren is a Dutch scientist in mass spectrometry imaging. He is currently a distinguished professor at Maastricht University and the scientific director of the Multimodal Molecular Imaging Institute (M4I),where he heads the division of Imaging Mass Spectrometry.
Swansea University has had a long established history of development and innovation in mass spectrometry and chromatography.
Catherine E. Costello is the William Fairfield Warren distinguished professor in the department of biochemistry,Cell Biology and Genomics,and the director of the Center for Biomedical Mass Spectrometry at the Boston University School of Medicine.
John J. Monaghan is a British mass spectrometrist and former editor of Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry.
Brian Noel Green OBE was an English mass spectrometrist. He had a long career at Metropolitan-Vickers before moving to VG MICROMASS in 1972.
References
- 1 2 Langley, G. John (2020). "Dai Games Special Issue". Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry. 34 (S4): e8886. doi: 10.1002/rcm.8886 . ISSN 1097-0231. PMID 32652670.
- ↑ Jones, Jonathan J. (2020). "Remembering Dai Games". Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry. 34 (S4): e8889. doi: 10.1002/rcm.8889 . ISSN 1097-0231. PMID 32657448.
- ↑ "Member Only Content | BMSS". www.bmss.org.uk. Retrieved 2021-04-08.