Daniel Musher

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Daniel Michael Musher is an American physician, scientist, and medical educator working in the field of infectious diseases, who has coauthored more than 600 publications. Musher is a Distinguished Service Professor of Medicine and Professor of Molecular Virology and Microbiology at the Baylor College of Medicine in Houston, Texas.

Contents

Education and early career

Musher was born in New York in 1938 to Hadassah and Sidney Musher. [1] His father [2] was a food chemist and inventor, [2] and his mother a school teacher. He graduated from Brooklyn Technical High School and then Harvard College magna cum laude [3] in history. He went on to Columbia College of Physicians and Surgeons, served as an intern and resident on the Columbia division of Bellevue Hospital, and then entered the military, where he was head of internal medicine at Laredo Air Force Base from 1965-1967. [4] Musher was then an NIH Fellow at Tufts-New England Medical Center under the mentorship of Louis Weinstein. [3]

Medical career

Musher’s principal scientific contributions have been in bacterial diseases. He called attention to the role of the macrophage in the immune response to syphilis, [5] described the spectrum and noted the increasing importance of infection due to Staphylococcus aureus , [6] recognized non-typeable Haemophilus influenzae , [7] and Moraxella catarrhalis [8] as common causes of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP), developed the currently used ELISA for measuring antibody to pneumococcal capsular polysaccharide, studied the response to pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine [9] and demonstrated that variable responsiveness was governed by genetic factors, [10] called attention to acute cardiac events during pneumococcal pneumonia [11] and other acute infections [12] reported on the etiology of CAP [13] and showed that normal respiratory flora cause CAP in some proportion of cases. [14]

He has written chapters on pneumonia and pneumococcal infections for textbooks of medicine and has co-authored national guidelines for management of CAP. His work has been recognized with the DeBakey Medal for research, the CDC’s Nakano citation for epidemiology and the Outstanding Clinician and Teacher award by the Infectious Diseases Society of America. [15]

Selected publications

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Pneumonia</span> Inflammation of the alveoli of the lungs

Pneumonia is an inflammatory condition of the lung primarily affecting the small air sacs known as alveoli. Symptoms typically include some combination of productive or dry cough, chest pain, fever, and difficulty breathing. The severity of the condition is variable.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Waterhouse–Friderichsen syndrome</span> Medical condition

Waterhouse–Friderichsen syndrome (WFS) is defined as adrenal gland failure due to bleeding into the adrenal glands, commonly caused by severe bacterial infection. Typically, it is caused by Neisseria meningitidis.

Atypical pneumonia, also known as walking pneumonia, is any type of pneumonia not caused by one of the pathogens most commonly associated with the disease. Its clinical presentation contrasts to that of "typical" pneumonia. A variety of microorganisms can cause it. When it develops independently from another disease, it is called primary atypical pneumonia (PAP).

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Pleural empyema</span> Medical condition

Pleural empyema is a collection of pus in the pleural cavity caused by microorganisms, usually bacteria. Often it happens in the context of a pneumonia, injury, or chest surgery. It is one of the various kinds of pleural effusion. There are three stages: exudative, when there is an increase in pleural fluid with or without the presence of pus; fibrinopurulent, when fibrous septa form localized pus pockets; and the final organizing stage, when there is scarring of the pleura membranes with possible inability of the lung to expand. Simple pleural effusions occur in up to 40% of bacterial pneumonias. They are usually small and resolve with appropriate antibiotic therapy. If however an empyema develops additional intervention is required.

<i>Haemophilus influenzae</i> Species of bacterium

Haemophilus influenzae is a Gram-negative, non-motile, coccobacillary, facultatively anaerobic, capnophilic pathogenic bacterium of the family Pasteurellaceae. The bacteria are mesophilic and grow best at temperatures between 35 and 37 °C.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Lower respiratory tract infection</span> Medical term

Lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI) is a term often used as a synonym for pneumonia but can also be applied to other types of infection including lung abscess and acute bronchitis. Symptoms include shortness of breath, weakness, fever, coughing and fatigue. A routine chest X-ray is not always necessary for people who have symptoms of a lower respiratory tract infection.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Bacterial pneumonia</span> Disease of the lungs

Bacterial pneumonia is a type of pneumonia caused by bacterial infection.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Bacterial capsule</span> Polysaccharide layer that lies outside the cell envelope in many bacteria

The bacterial capsule is a large structure common to many bacteria. It is a polysaccharide layer that lies outside the cell envelope, and is thus deemed part of the outer envelope of a bacterial cell. It is a well-organized layer, not easily washed off, and it can be the cause of various diseases.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine</span> Pneumonia vaccine

Pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine, sold under the brand name Pneumovax 23, is a pneumococcal vaccine that is used for the prevention of pneumococcal disease caused by the 23 serotypes of Streptococcus pneumoniae contained in the vaccine as capsular polysaccharides. It is given by intramuscular or subcutaneous injection.

Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) refers to pneumonia contracted by a person outside of the healthcare system. In contrast, hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP) is seen in patients who have recently visited a hospital or who live in long-term care facilities. CAP is common, affecting people of all ages, and its symptoms occur as a result of oxygen-absorbing areas of the lung (alveoli) filling with fluid. This inhibits lung function, causing dyspnea, fever, chest pains and cough.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Gemifloxacin</span> Chemical to treat chronic bronchitis

Gemifloxacin mesylate is an oral broad-spectrum quinolone antibacterial agent used in the treatment of acute bacterial exacerbation of chronic bronchitis and mild-to-moderate pneumonia. Vansen Pharma Inc. has licensed the active ingredient from LG Life Sciences of Korea.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Hospital-acquired pneumonia</span>

Hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP) or nosocomial pneumonia refers to any pneumonia contracted by a patient in a hospital at least 48–72 hours after being admitted. It is thus distinguished from community-acquired pneumonia. It is usually caused by a bacterial infection, rather than a virus.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Panton–Valentine leukocidin</span>

Panton–Valentine leukocidin (PVL) is a cytotoxin—one of the β-pore-forming toxins. The presence of PVL is associated with increased virulence of certain strains (isolates) of Staphylococcus aureus. It is present in the majority of community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) isolates studied and is the cause of necrotic lesions involving the skin or mucosa, including necrotic hemorrhagic pneumonia. PVL creates pores in the membranes of infected cells. PVL is produced from the genetic material of a bacteriophage that infects Staphylococcus aureus, making it more virulent.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Adenoiditis</span> Medical condition

Adenoiditis is the inflammation of the adenoid tissue usually caused by an infection. Adenoiditis is treated using medication or surgical intervention.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Cefditoren</span> Chemical to treat skin infections

Cefditoren, also known as cefditoren pivoxil is an antibiotic used to treat infections caused by Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria that are resistant to other antibiotics. It is mainly used for treatment of community acquired pneumonia. It is taken by mouth and is in the cephalosporin family of antibiotics, which is part of the broader beta-lactam group of antibiotics.

Pneumococcal infection is an infection caused by the bacterium Streptococcus pneumoniae.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Delafloxacin</span> Chemical compound

Delafloxacin sold under the brand name Baxdela among others, is a fluoroquinolone antibiotic used to treat acute bacterial skin and skin structure infections.

Linopristin/flopristin is an experimental drug candidate under development by Novexel. It is an oral streptogramin antibiotic that has potent in vitro activity against certain Gram-positive bacteria including methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), as well as the important respiratory pathogens including penicillin-, macrolide- and quinolone-resistant strains. It is a combination of linopristin and flopristin.

Claire Veronica Broome is an American epidemiologist, specializing in public health surveillance and vaccine evaluation, who has contributed to the development and effective utilization of key vaccines against pathogens causing pneumonia and meningitis. She joined the Centers for Disease Control and served with the CDC for 28 years, eventually holding the positions of deputy director, acting CDC director (1998), and senior advisor for integrated heath information systems. In 1995 she was promoted to assistant surgeon general in the US Public Health Service.

Necrotizing pneumonia (NP), also known as cavitary pneumonia or cavitatory necrosis, is a rare but severe complication of lung parenchymal infection. In necrotizing pneumonia, there is a substantial liquefaction following death of the lung tissue, which may lead to gangrene formation in the lung. In most cases patients with NP have fever, cough and bad breath, and those with more indolent infections have weight loss. Often patients clinically present with acute respiratory failure. The most common pathogens responsible for NP are Streptococcus pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae. Diagnosis is usually done by chest imaging, e.g. chest X-ray, CT scan. Among these CT scan is the most sensitive test which shows loss of lung architecture and multiple small thin walled cavities. Often cultures from bronchoalveolar lavage and blood may be done for identification of the causative organism(s). It is primarily managed by supportive care along with appropriate antibiotics. However, if patient develops severe complications like sepsis or fails to medical therapy, surgical resection is a reasonable option for saving life.

References

  1. ↑ Frommer, Myrna; Frommer, Harvey (October 1, 1999). Growing Up Jewish in America: An Oral History. U of Nebraska Press. ISBN   0803269005 – via Google Books.
  2. 1 2 Narvaez, Alfonso A. (November 22, 1990). "Sidney Musher, 85, Inventor, Executive And Philanthropist" – via NYTimes.com.
  3. 1 2 "Daniel M Musher, M.D." Baylor College of Medicine.
  4. ↑ "Daniel M Musher, M.D." CARMiG. Archived from the original on 2019-12-27. Retrieved 2019-12-27.
  5. ↑ Schell R, Musher D, Jacobson K, Schwethelm P. Induction of acquired cellular resistance following transfer of thymus-dependent lymphocytes from syphilitic rabbits. J Immunol 1975;114:550-3.
  6. ↑ Musher DM, McKenzie SO. Infections due to Staphylococcus aureus. Medicine (Baltimore) 1977;56:383-409.
  7. ↑ Musher DM, Kubitschek KR, Crennan J, Baughn RE. Pneumonia and acute febrile tracheobronchitis due to Haemophilus influenzae. Ann Intern Med 1983;99:444-50.
  8. ↑ Wallace RJ, Jr., Musher DM. In honor of Dr. Sarah Branham, a star is born. The realization of Branhamella catarrhalis as a respiratory pathogen. Chest 1986;90:447-50.
  9. ↑ Musher DM, Luchi MJ, Watson DA, Hamilton R, Baughn RE. Pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine in young adults and older bronchitics: determination of IgG responses by ELISA and the effect of adsorption of serum with non-type-specific cell wall polysaccharide. J Infect Dis 1990;161:728-35.
  10. ↑ Musher DM, Groover JE, Watson DA, et al. Genetic regulation of the capacity to make immunoglobulin G to pneumococcal capsular polysaccharides. J Investig Med 1997;45:57-68.
  11. ↑ Musher DM, Rueda AM, Kaka AS, Mapara SM. The association between pneumococcal pneumonia and acute cardiac events. Clin Infect Dis 2007;45:158-65.
  12. ↑ Corrales-Medina VF, Fatemi O, Serpa J, et al. The Association between Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia and acute myocardial infarction. Scand J Infect Dis 2009;In press.
  13. ↑ Musher DM, Roig IL, Cazares G, Stager CE, Logan N, Safar H. Can an etiologic agent be identified in adults who are hospitalized for community-acquired pneumonia: results of a one-year study. J Infect 2013;67:11-8.
  14. ↑ Musher DM, Abers MS. Community-Acquired Pneumonia Requiring Hospitalization. N Engl J Med 2015;373:2381.
  15. ↑ "Daniel M. Musher, MD". Center for Antimicrobial Resistance and Microbial Genomics at McGovern Medical School. Archived from the original on 2019-12-27. Retrieved 2019-12-27.
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