The top quark,sometimes also referred to as the truth quark,is the most massive of all observed elementary particles. It derives its mass from its coupling to the Higgs Boson. This coupling is very close to unity;in the Standard Model of particle physics,it is the largest (strongest) coupling at the scale of the weak interactions and above. The top quark was discovered in 1995 by the CDF and DØexperiments at Fermilab.
The Collider Detector at Fermilab (CDF) experimental collaboration studies high energy particle collisions from the Tevatron,the world's former highest-energy particle accelerator. The goal is to discover the identity and properties of the particles that make up the universe and to understand the forces and interactions between those particles.
The DØexperiment was a worldwide collaboration of scientists conducting research on the fundamental nature of matter. DØwas one of two major experiments located at the Tevatron Collider at Fermilab in Batavia,Illinois. The Tevatron was the world's highest-energy accelerator from 1983 until 2009,when its energy was surpassed by the Large Hadron Collider. The DØexperiment stopped taking data in 2011,when the Tevatron shut down,but data analysis is still ongoing. The DØdetector is preserved in Fermilab's DØAssembly Building as part of a historical exhibit for public tours.
The Xi baryons or cascade particles are a family of subatomic hadron particles which have the symbol Ξ and may have an electric charge of +2 e,+1 e,0,or −1 e,where e is the elementary charge.
QuarkNet is a long-term,research-based teacher professional development program in the United States jointly funded by the National Science Foundation and the US Department of Energy. Since 1999,QuarkNet has established centers at universities and national laboratories conducting research in particle physics across the United States,and have been bringing such physics to high school classrooms. QuarkNet programs are designed and conducted according to “best practices”described in the National Research Council National Science Education Standards report (1995) and support the Next Generation Science Standards (2013).
In particle physics,B mesons are mesons composed of a bottom antiquark and either an up,down,strange or charm quark. The combination of a bottom antiquark and a top quark is not thought to be possible because of the top quark's short lifetime. The combination of a bottom antiquark and a bottom quark is not a B meson,but rather bottomonium,which is something else entirely.
Arie Bodek is an American experimental particle physicist and the George E. Pake Professor of Physics at the University of Rochester.
Don Lincoln is an American physicist,author,host of the YouTube channel Fermilab,and science communicator. He conducts research in particle physics at Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory,and was an adjunct professor of physics at the University of Notre Dame,although he is no longer affiliated with the university. He received a Ph.D. in experimental particle physics from Rice University in 1994. In 1995,he was a co-discoverer of the top quark. He has co-authored hundreds of research papers,and more recently,was a member of the team that discovered the Higgs boson in 2012.
Soo-Bong Kim is a South Korean physicist.
Young-Kee Kim is a South Korea-born American physicist and Louis Block Distinguished Service Professor of Physics at the University of Chicago. She is chair of the Department of Physics at the university.
Yaşar Önel is a Turkish-born physicist who holds Swiss and American citizenship. He received his Ph.D. in Physics from London University in 1975. He worked at the Queen Mary University of London in the United Kingdom,and Neuchatel and Geneva Universities in Switzerland before joining the University of Texas at Austin in 1986. Then,he moved to the University of Iowa in 1988. He is a tenured faculty professor. of Physics at the University of Iowa in Iowa City,IA,USA.
Paraskevas Andreas Sphicas is a particle physicist who focuses on studies of High energy collisions in the Large Hadron Collider through which he explores supersymmetry and the mechanism of spontaneous symmetry breaking. He is a senior scientist at CERN and professor of physics at the National and Kapodistrian University of Athens. He was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society (FRS) in 2019.
Olga Evdokimov is a Russian born professor of physics at the University of Illinois,Chicago (UIC). She is a High Energy Nuclear Physicist,who currently collaborates on two international experiments;the Solenoidal Tracker At RHIC (STAR) experiment at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC),Brookhaven National Laboratory,Upton,New York and the Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS) experiment at the LHC,CERN,Geneva,Switzerland.
Tulika Bose is a professor of physics at the University of Wisconsin-Madison,whose research focuses on developing triggers for experimental searches of new phenomena in high energy physics. Bose is a leader within the Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS) experiment,a CERN collaboration famous for its experimental observation of the Higgs boson in 2012.
Teresa Rodrigo Anoro was a Spanish scientist who worked in particle physics. She worked at CERN,Fermilab and the Instituto de Física de Cantabria and was professor at the University of Cantabria. Whilst at CERN,Rodrigo worked on the Compact Muon Solenoid and research for the Higgs boson.
Sinéad Farrington is a British particle physicist who works on the ATLAS experiment at the Large Hadron Collider.
Kevin T. Pitts is an American high energy particle physicist. In addition to his faculty appointment at the University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign,in 2021 he was appointed chief research officer at Fermilab National Accelerator Laboratory. His research interests have included the CDF experiment and the Muon g-2 experiment at Fermilab.
Meenakshi Narain was an Indian-born American experimental physicist. She was a Professor of Physics and Chair of the Department of Physics at Brown University,and was also Chair of the Collaboration Board of U.S. institutions in the Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS) Collaboration. She contributed to the discovery of the top quark in 1995 and Higgs Boson in 2012.
Steven Michael Errede is an American experimental physicist,known for his leadership in the collaboration that experimentally confirmed the existence of the top quark.
Carol Elizabeth Anway is a retired American physicist known for her work on computational industrial physics for Boeing,and particularly on lightning protection for airplanes.
