Daphniphyllum macropodum

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Daphniphyllum macropodum
Daphniphyllum macropodum subsp humile2.jpg
In habitat in Japan
Scientific classification Red Pencil Icon.png
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Order: Saxifragales
Family: Daphniphyllaceae
Genus: Daphniphyllum
Species:
D. macropodum
Binomial name
Daphniphyllum macropodum
Synonyms

Daphniphyllum humile Maxim. ex Franch. & Sav. [2] [3]

Contents

Daphniphyllum macropodum is a shrub or small tree found in China, Japan and Korea. Like all species in the genus Daphniphyllum , D. macropodum is dioecious, that is male and female flowers are borne on different plants. The timber is used in China in construction and furniture making. [1] It is grown as an ornamental plant, chiefly for its foliage. [4]

Description

Daphniphyllum macropodum is a small tree or shrub, usually 3–10 m (10–33 ft) tall, but occasionally up to 20 m (66 ft) tall. It has long leaves, 14–25 cm (6–10 in) long by 3–6.5 cm (1–3 in) wide, with purplish red stalks (petioles) and conspicuous veins. The leaves are arranged in a tight spiral, almost like whorls at the branch tips. Very young branches are red, turning brown with age; older trunks are greyish brown. [1] [4]

The clusters of flowers (inflorescences) emerge from leaf axils on the previous year's growth. Each cluster has a pink bract at its base which initially encloses it; they have been described as being like "miniature tissue-wrapped bunches of grapes". [4] The tiny flowers, which have a disagreeable smell, lack sepals or petals. Each plant is either male or female (i.e. has flowers with either functional stamens or functional ovaries). Male flowers have 6–12 pink stamens, about 3 mm (0.1 in) long. Female flowers have a single green ovary, 2–3 mm (0.1 in) long; they sometimes also have staminodes – nonfunctional stamens. [4] When female flowers are fertilized, purplish brown fruits (drupes) develop, about 1 cm (0.4 in) long. [1]

Taxonomy

Daphniphyllum macropodum was first described by Friedrich Miquel in 1867. In 1966, Tseng Chieng Huang reduced it to D. himalayense subsp. macropodum. [5] Other sources, such as the Flora of China and the World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP), do not accept this placement. [1] [5] Further synonyms include D. humile Maxim. ex Franch. & Sav. , which has also been treated as D. macropodum subsp. (or var.) humile, names not accepted by the WCSP. [5]

Fossil record

Among the middle Miocene Sarmatian palynoflora from the Lavanttal Basin Austria, researchers have firmly recognized Daphniphyllum fossil pollen. The sediment containing the Daphniphyllum fossil pollen had accumulated in a lowland wetland environment with various vegetation units of mixed evergreen/deciduous broadleaved/conifer forests surrounding the wetland basin. Key relatives of the fossil taxa found with Daphniphyllum are presently confined to humid warm temperate environments, suggesting a subtropical climate during the middle Miocene in Austria. [6]

Cultivation

D. macropodum, like other species in the genus, can be grown as an ornamental evergreen shrub or small tree, when its main attractions are its large leaves and pink-flushed new growth. A sheltered situation in moist but well-drained soil is recommended. The newly emerged shoots are easily damaged by frost. Although growing to become a small tree in its natural habitat, in gardens it is more often found as a well-branched shrub. Propagation is by heel cuttings or fresh seed. [4]

Uses

The leaves are dried and smoked by the Ainu in Japan and Siberia. [7]

In China, a decoction of the fresh leaves, combined with either straw ash and water or fresh pumpkin leaves, is strained to create grass jelly. [8]

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References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 Min, Tianlu & Kubitzki, Klaus (2008), "Daphniphyllum macropodum", in Wu, Zhengyi; Raven, Peter H. & Hong, Deyuan (eds.), Flora of China, Vol. 11 (online version), eFloras.org, retrieved 2012-05-02
  2. Tropicos 2019.
  3. WCSP 2019.
  4. 1 2 3 4 5 Boyce, Peter (2004), "Plate 376. Daphniphyllum himalaense subsp. macropodum", Curtis's Botanical Magazine, 16 (4): 267–272, doi:10.1111/1467-8748.00229
  5. 1 2 3 Search for "Daphniphyllum", World Checklist of Selected Plant Families, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew , retrieved 2012-05-03
  6. Combined LM and SEM study of the middle Miocene (Sarmatian) palynoflora from the Lavanttal Basin, Austria: part III. Magnoliophyta 1 – Magnoliales to Fabales, Friðgeir Grímsson, Barbara Meller, Johannes M. Bouchal & Reinhard Zetter, Grana 2015, Vol 54, No. 2,85-128.
  7. Christenhusz et al 2017.
  8. Longmeimei cooking channel: 树叶和草灰做成绿色的豆腐,酷热的夏天来一碗正好 , retrieved 2021-06-25

Bibliography