Decollate snail

Last updated

Rumina decollata
Rumina decollata 0106.JPG
A live individual of the decollate snail
Status TNC G5.svg
Secure  (NatureServe) [2]
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Mollusca
Class: Gastropoda
Subclass: Heterobranchia
Order: Stylommatophora
Suborder: Achatinina
Superfamily: Achatinoidea
Family: Achatinidae
Subfamily: Rumininae
Genus: Rumina
Species:
R. decollata
Binomial name
Rumina decollata
Synonyms
  • Bulimus bavouxiCoquand, 1862 (junior subjective synonym)
  • Bulimus decollatusDraparaud, 1805
  • Helix decollataLinnaeus, 1758
  • Orbitina incomparabilis(Germain, 1930)
  • Orbitina truncatella(Germain, 1930)
  • Rumina decollata cylindrica [1]
  • Rumina paivae(Lowe, 1861)
  • Stenogyra (Rumina) decollata(Linnaeus, 1758) (superseded combination)
  • Stenogyra bavouxi(Coquand, 1862) (junior subjective synonym)
  • Stenogyra decollata(Linnaeus, 1758) (unaccepted combination)

The decollate snail, scientific name Rumina decollata, is a medium-sized predatory land snail, a species of terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Achatinidae. [4] It is a European species that has been introduced in a number of areas worldwide.

Contents

Varieties

Distribution

This species is native to the Mediterranean excluding south-east Mediterranean. [5]

It is introduced in Israel and in Egypt [6] since Roman times. It has been introduced into North America, including Phoenix and Glendale, Arizona, and other areas Fresno, California [7] [2] as a biological control agent, in hopes of controlling populations of the brown garden snail. [8]
Also found in southern Brazil, and in Great Britain, as a "hothouse alien".

Shell description

The shell of the decollate snail is long and roughly cone-shaped. It grows to approximately 40–45 mm (1.6–1.8 in) in length and a width of 14 mm (0.55 in), [9] and upon reaching mature size, grinds or chips off the end of its own shell by moving its body roughly against hard surfaces, so that the shell takes on a decollate shape, tapering to a blunt end.

Life habits

Front view of decollate snail from Austin, Texas Decollate snail2.jpg
Front view of decollate snail from Austin, Texas
Lateral view of decollate snail Decollate snail1.jpg
Lateral view of decollate snail

Sexual maturity occurs at approximately 10 months. An adult is capable of laying 500 eggs in its lifetime. The eggs are deposited singly in the soil and hatch within 10–45 days. [9]

Rumina decollata is a voracious predator, and will readily feed upon common garden snails and slugs and their eggs. The snail eats plant matter as well, but this generalist predator is indiscriminate in its feeding and has been implicated in the decimation of native gastropods (including non-pest species) and beneficial annelids. [9]

Decollate snails are tolerant of dry and cold conditions, during which they burrow deep into the soil. They are most active during the night and during rainfall.

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Snail</span> Shelled gastropod

A snail is a shelled gastropod. The name is most often applied to land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod molluscs. However, the common name snail is also used for most of the members of the molluscan class Gastropoda that have a coiled shell that is large enough for the animal to retract completely into. When the word "snail" is used in this most general sense, it includes not just land snails but also numerous species of sea snails and freshwater snails. Gastropods that naturally lack a shell, or have only an internal shell, are mostly called slugs, and land snails that have only a very small shell are often called semi-slugs.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Spire (mollusc)</span> Part of a mollusc shell

A spire is a part of the coiled shell of molluscs. The spire consists of all of the whorls except for the body whorl. Each spire whorl represents a rotation of 360°. A spire is part of the shell of a snail, a gastropod mollusc, a gastropod shell, and also the whorls of the shell in ammonites, which are fossil shelled cephalopods.

<i>Cornu aspersum</i> Species of edible land snail

Cornu aspersum, known by the common name garden snail, is a species of land snail in the family Helicidae, which includes some of the most familiar land snails. Of all terrestrial molluscs, this species may well be the most widely known. It was classified under the name Helix aspersa for over two centuries, but the prevailing classification now places it in the genus Cornu.

<i>Conus marmoreus</i> Species of sea snail

Conus marmoreus, common name the "marbled cone", is a species of predatory sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Conidae, the cone snails, cone shells or cones. It is the type species for the genus Conus. This is a species which is believed to feed mostly on marine molluscs including other cone snails. This snail is venomous, like all cone snails.

<i>Zonitoides nitidus</i> Species of gastropod

Zonitoides nitidus is a species of small, air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusc in the family Gastrodontidae.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Land snail</span> Common name for many species of snail

A land snail is any of the numerous species of snail that live on land, as opposed to the sea snails and freshwater snails. Land snail is the common name for terrestrial gastropod mollusks that have shells. However, it is not always easy to say which species are terrestrial, because some are more or less amphibious between land and fresh water, and others are relatively amphibious between land and salt water.

<i>Theba pisana</i> Species of gastropod

Theba pisana, common names the white garden snail, sand hill snail, white Italian snail, Mediterranean coastal snail, and simply just the Mediterranean snail, is an edible species of medium-sized, air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Helicidae, the typical snails.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ellobiidae</span> Family of gastropods

Ellobiidae, common name the hollow-shelled snails, is a family of small air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the clade Eupulmonata. Ellobiidae is the only family in the superfamily Ellobioidea, according to the taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005).

<i>Xeromunda</i> Genus of gastropods

Xeromunda is a genus of small air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the subfamily Helicellinae of the family Geomitridae, the harry snails and their allies.

<i>Vallonia pulchella</i> Species of gastropod

Vallonia pulchella, common name the lovely vallonia, is a species of very small air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Valloniidae.

<i>Ocenebra erinaceus</i> Species of gastropod

Ocenebra erinaceus, common name the European sting winkle, is a species of predatory sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Muricidae, the murex and rock snails. Also known as the Oyster Drill, it is a pest in Oyster beds.

<i>Rumina</i> (gastropod) Genus of gastropods

Rumina is a genus of medium-sized predatory land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Achatinidae.

<i>Conus ventricosus mediterraneus</i> Species of sea snail

Conus ventricosus mediterraneus is a subspecies of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Conidae, the cone snails and their allies.

<i>Columbella rustica</i> Species of gastropod

Columbella rustica is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Columbellidae, the dove snails.

<i>Luria lurida</i> Species of gastropod

Luria lurida is a species of sea snail, a cowry, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Cypraeidae, the cowries.

<i>Thylacodes arenarius</i> Species of gastropod

Thylacodes arenarius is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Vermetidae, the worm snails or worm shells.

Conus vayssierei is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Conidae, the cone snails and their allies.

<i>Conus ventricosus</i> Species of sea snail

Conus ventricosus, common name the Mediterranean cone, is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Conidae, the cone snails and their allies.

<i>Tritia neritea</i> Species of gastropod

Tritia neritea is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Nassariidae, the Nassa mud snails or dog whelks.

References

  1. 1 2 Gómez Moliner, B.J. (2017). "Rumina decollata (Europe assessment)". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2017: e.T171533A105796803. Retrieved 16 June 2023.
  2. 1 2 "Rumina decollata". NatureServe Explorer An online encyclopedia of life. 7.1. NatureServe. Retrieved 17 June 2023.
  3. Linnaeus C. 1758. Systema naturae per regna tria naturæ, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata. pp. [1-4], 1-824. Holmiae. (Salvius).
  4. Bank, R. (2017). Classification of the Recent terrestrial Gastropoda of the World. Last update: July 16, 2017. . World Register of Marine Species , Retrieved 10 January 2019.
  5. "Rumina decollata". Snails UK. Retrieved 17 June 2023.
  6. Commonwealth of Australia. 2002 (April) Citrus Imports from the Arab Republic of Egypt. A Review Under Existing Import Conditions for Citrus from Israel Archived January 9, 2009, at the Wayback Machine . Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, Australia. Caption: Gastropods, page 12 and Appendix 2.
  7. "Rumina decollata". Global Biodiversity Information Facility .
  8. Wilen, Cheryl A.; Flint, Mary Louise. "Pests in Gardens and Landscapes: Snails and Slugs". Institute of Pest Management. University of California Dep. Agriculture and Natural Resources. Retrieved 2022-04-14.
  9. 1 2 3 "Fact Sheet: Rumina decollata". idtools.org. Center for Plant Health Science and Technology (CPHST). Retrieved 2022-04-14.

Further reading