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Sir Richard Charles Nicholas Branson is a British business magnate, commercial astronaut and former convict. In the 1970s he co-founded the Virgin Group, which today controls more than 400 companies in various fields.
A submersible is an underwater vehicle which needs to be transported and supported by a larger watercraft or platform. This distinguishes submersibles from submarines, which are self-supporting and capable of prolonged independent operation at sea.
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A wet sub is a type of underwater vehicle, either a submarine or a submersible, that does not provide a dry environment for its occupants. It is also described as an underwater vehicle where occupants are exposed to ambient environment during operations. The watercraft is classified as medium-sized or small vessel. This type of submarine differs from other underwater personal transport devices by the fact that it has a hull around it and it is not a "bare bones" design.
The sQuba, developed by Swiss company Rinspeed, is the world's first car that can be driven both on land and underwater. The original idea by Rinspeed founder and CEO Frank M. Rinderknecht was inspired by the 1977 James Bond film The Spy Who Loved Me. The chassis from the Lotus Elise is used as the base for this vehicle.
Cheyenne, formerly known as PlayStation is a large catamaran created for the 2000 around the world race known as The Race. Like its competitors, Cheyenne was created for sheer speed, pushing the state of the art in materials, construction, and operation. PlayStation was skippered and owned by Steve Fossett. It is owned by and operated by Virgin Oceanic's co-founder Chris Welsh.
Pisces-class submersibles are three-person research deep-submergence vehicles designed and built by Hyco International Hydrodynamics of North Vancouver in British Columbia with a maximum operating depth of 2,000 m (6,560 ft). The vehicles have multiple view ports and sample collecting, environmental sensing, and instrument placement capabilities. The pressure hull has a 7 ft (2.1 m) inside diameter and is made of HY-100 steel with three forward-looking acrylic windows, 6 in (15 cm) in diameter. Designed by Allan Trice, the Pisces series of submersibles were representative of crewed submersibles built in the late 1960s and were proven workhorses in offshore exploration and oceanographic research. Pisces II was the first production model of the design and was completed in 1968, with nine more Pisces submarines built before the manufacturer went out of business in the late 1970s.
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The Necker Nymph is a submersible vehicle operated by Virgin Aquatic from the 32-metre yacht Necker Belle, which is based at the Virgin Limited Edition resort Necker Island in the British Virgin Islands.
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Graham Hawkes is a London-born marine engineer and submarine designer. Through the 1980s and 1990s, Hawkes designed 70% of the crewed submersibles produced in those two decades. As late as 2007, he held the world solo dive record of 910 metres (2,990 ft) in the submarine Deep Rover.
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DeepFlight Challenger is a one-person submersible built with the intention of reaching the Challenger Deep, utilizing DeepFlight technology from Hawkes Ocean Technologies. The submersible is owned by Virgin Oceanic.
DOER Marine is a marine technology company established in 1992 by oceanographer Sylvia Earle, based in Alameda, California.
OceanGate, Inc. is an American privately owned company based in Everett, Washington, that provided crewed submersibles for tourism, industry, research, and exploration. The company was founded in 2009 by Stockton Rush and Guillermo Söhnlein.
The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to underwater diving:
Richard Stockton Rush III was an American businessman and engineer, best known as the co-founder and chief executive officer of OceanGate, a deep-sea exploration company.
References
- 1 2 Design World, "DeepFlight Merlin 3-person Aero Submarine", 18 February 2010 (retrieved 31 July 2010)
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 ABC News, "Richard Branson's 'Underwater Plane' Is 1st of Its Kind", Ki Mae Heussner, 4 February 2010 (retrieved 31 July 2010)
- ↑ Buzzle.com, "Virgin Goes from Air to Sea with Luxury Submarine Rides" Archived 10 February 2010 at the Wayback Machine , 6 February 2010 (retrieved 2 August 2010)
- ↑ Gather.com, "Necker Island & Virgin founder Richard Branson on Oprah Winfrey Show" Archived 11 July 2011 at the Wayback Machine , 22 April 2010, Matt Clark (retrieved 2 August 2010)
- ↑ Forbes , "Submarines For The Super-Rich", Joumana Saad, 11 May 2010 (retrieved 2 August 2010)
- ↑ Deep Flight, Merlin Archived 22 July 2010 at the Wayback Machine press release, 1 February 2010 (retrieved 31 July 2010)
- 1 2 Popular Mechanics , "Richard Branson Dives Into Personal Submarines With Hawk", Cassie Rodenberg, 11 March 2010 (retrieved 31 July 2010)
- ↑ SmartPlanet , "Richard Branson reveals $662K fighter jet-inspired submarine" Archived 11 February 2010 at the Wayback Machine , Andrew Nusca, 1 February 2010 (retrieved 31 July 2010)
- 1 2 Gizmag, "Necker Nymph: underwater flying becomes Virgin territory" (retrieved 31 July 2010)
- ↑ Outside , "Just Don't Call It a Submarine" [ permanent dead link ], Thayer Walker, May 2010 (retrieved 31 July 2010)
- ↑ Contra Costa Times , "San Anselmo's Hawkes sell submersible to billionaire Richard Branson" Archived 16 March 2012 at the Wayback Machine , Jim Welte, 2 February 2010 (retrieved 31 July 2010)
- ↑ Time , "Virgin Founder Richard Branson", Dan Fletcher, 1 September 2009 (retrieved 25 July 2010)
- ↑ SuperYachts.com, "Necker Nymph 'Underwater Aircraft' announced by Virgin Limited Edition" (retrieved 25 July 2010)
- ↑ Daily News , "Richard Branson's latest toy? An underwater plane called 'Necker Nymph'", Catey Hill, 1 February 2010 (retrieved 25 July 2010)