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The Incident at the Gaoping Tombs was a coup d'état that took place on 5 February 249 in the state of Cao Wei during the Three Kingdoms period (220–280) of China. The parties involved were Sima Yi and Cao Shuang, who were both regents for the Cao Wei emperor Cao Fang, who was then about 17 years old. On that day, while Cao Shuang and his brothers accompanied the emperor on a visit to the Gaoping tombs, Sima Yi staged a coup d'état; taking control of the capital city of Luoyang and issuing a memorial which listed out the various crimes Cao Shuang had committed. Cao Shuang surrendered and gave up his powers after further receiving reassurance that he and his family would be spared, thinking that he could still live a life in luxury. Shortly thereafter, Cao Shuang, his brothers, and his supporters were charged with treason and executed along with their families on 9 February. The coup d'état increased the Sima family's influence and paved the way for the eventual replacement of the Cao Wei regime by the Sima family's Jin dynasty in 266.
Wang Ling's Rebellion, or the First Rebellion in Shouchun, was a punitive uprising in 251 led by Wang Ling, a general of the state of Cao Wei, against the regent Sima Yi and his clan. This was the first of a series of three rebellions that all took place in Shouchun in the 250s during the Three Kingdoms period in Chinese history.
Wang Guan, courtesy name Weitai, was a Chinese politician of the state of Cao Wei during the Three Kingdoms period of China. An orphan who made a name for himself as an honest local official, he would become a partisan of the Sima family as they overtook the Cao family and reached the highest ranks, though he retired after regicide.
Jiang Ji, courtesy name Zitong, was an official and military general of the state of Cao Wei during the Three Kingdoms period of China. Born in the late Eastern Han dynasty, Jiang Ji started his career as a low-level official in his native Yang Province before becoming a subordinate of Cao Cao, the warlord who controlled the central government towards the end of the Eastern Han dynasty. After the end of the Eastern Han dynasty, he served in the state of Cao Wei through the reigns of the first three emperors – Cao Pi, Cao Rui and Cao Fang – and held various appointments in the military before rising to Grand Commandant, one of the top positions in the central government. During his service in Wei, he was known for being candid in giving advice to the emperor on various issues, including consolidating power, halting labour-intensive construction projects, and officials' abuses of power. In February 249, he joined the regent Sima Yi in staging a successful coup d'état against his co-regent Cao Shuang, but died from illness a few months later.
Sima Zhi, courtesy name Zihua, was a government official who served in the state of Cao Wei during the Three Kingdoms period of China. He previously served under the warlord Cao Cao during the late Eastern Han dynasty.
Wang Hun, courtesy name Xuanchong, was a Chinese military general and politician of Cao Wei during the Three Kingdoms period and Western Jin dynasty period. He spent most of his early career serving at the eastern borders of Jin and Eastern Wu, where he occasionally battled with the southern state. He was most known for his role in the Conquest of Wu between 279 and 280, during which he destroyed Wu's main forces under Zhang Ti, as well as his subsequent dispute with Wang Jun, who he accused of going against orders by capturing Jianye on his own and stealing Wang Hun's chance at glory. Despite the controversy surrounding him following the conquest, he remained an accomplished and well-respected figure within the state.
References
- ↑ ([嘉平元年春正月]戊戌，有司奏収黃門張當付廷尉，考實其辭，爽與謀不軌。又尚書丁謐、鄧颺、何晏、司隷校尉畢軌、荊州刺史李勝、大司農桓範皆與爽通姦謀，夷三族。) Sanguozhi vol. 4.
- ↑ (鄧颺字玄茂) Sanguozhi vol. 9.
- ↑ (鄧颺……鄧禹後也。) Sanguozhi vol. 9.
- ↑ (少得士名於京師。) Sanguozhi vol. 9.
- ↑ (明帝時爲尚書郎，除洛陽令，坐事免，拜中郎，又入兼中書郎。) Sanguozhi vol. 9.
- ↑ (初，颺與李勝等爲浮華友，及在中書，浮華事發，被斥出，遂不復用。) Sanguozhi vol. 9.
- ↑ (初，爽以宣王年德並高，恒父事之，不敢專行。及晏等進用，咸共推戴，說爽以權重不宜委之於人。乃以晏、颺、謐爲尚書，晏典選舉，軌司隷校尉，勝河南尹，諸事希復由宣王。宣王遂稱疾避爽。) Sanguozhi vol. 9.
- ↑ (正始初，乃出爲潁川太守，轉大將軍長史，遷侍中尚書。) Sanguozhi vol. 9.
- ↑ (颺爲人好貨，前在內職，許臧艾授以顯官，艾以父妾與颺) Sanguozhi vol. 9.
- ↑ (故京師爲之語曰：「以官易婦鄧玄茂。」) Sanguozhi vol. 9.
- ↑ (故于時謗書，謂「臺中有三狗，二狗崖柴不可當，一狗憑默作疽囊。」三狗，謂何、鄧、丁也。) Sanguozhi vol. 9.
- ↑ (是時大將軍爽专权，尚書何晏、邓飏等爲之輔翼。南陽圭泰嘗以言迕指，考系廷尉。飏讯獄，將致泰重刑。岐數飏曰：『夫枢机大臣，王室之佐，既不能輔化成德，齊美古人，而乃肆其私忿，枉論無辜。使百姓危心，非此焉在？』飏於是惭怒而退。Sanguozhi vol. 12.
- ↑ (颺等欲令爽立威名於天下，勸使伐蜀，爽從其言) Sanguozhi vol. 9.
- ↑ (是時，關中及氐、羌轉輸不能供，牛馬騾驢多死，民夷號泣道路。入穀行數百里，賊因山爲固，兵不得進。) Sanguozhi vol. 9.
- ↑ (十年正月，車駕朝高平陵，爽兄弟皆從。宣王部勒兵馬，先據武庫，遂出屯洛水浮橋。) Sanguozhi vol. 9.
- ↑ (侍中許允、尚書陳泰說爽，使早自歸罪。爽於是遣允、泰詣宣王，歸罪請死，乃通宣王奏事。《世語》曰：宣王使許允、陳泰解語爽，蔣濟亦與書達宣王之旨，又使爽所信殿中校尉尹大目謂爽，唯免官而已，以洛水爲誓。爽信之，罷兵。《魏氏春秋》曰：爽旣罷兵，曰：「我不失作富家翁。」) Sanguozhi vol. 9.
- ↑ (爽以支屬，世蒙殊寵，親受先帝握手遺詔，託以天下，而包藏禍心，蔑棄顧命，乃與晏、颺及當等謀圖神器，範黨同罪人，皆爲大逆不道」。於是收爽、羲、訓、晏、颺、謐、軌、勝、範、當等，皆伏誅，夷三族。) Sanguozhi vol. 9.
- ↑ (正始九年十二月二十八日，吏部尚書何晏請之，鄧颺在晏許。晏謂輅曰：「聞君著爻神妙，試為作一卦，知位當至三公不？」又問：「連夢見青蠅數十頭，來在鼻上，驅之不肯去，有何意故？」輅曰：「夫飛鴞，天下賤鳥，及其在林食椹，則懷我好音，況輅心非草木，敢不盡忠？昔元、凱之弼重華，宣惠慈和，周公之翼成王，坐而待旦，故能流光六合，萬國咸寧。此乃履道休應。非卜筮之所明也。今君侯位重山岳，勢若雷電，而懷德者鮮，畏威者眾，殆非小心翼翼多福之仁。又鼻者艮，此天中之山，〈臣松之案：相書謂鼻之所在為天中。鼻有山象，故曰：「天中之山」也。〉高而不危，所以長守貴也。今青蠅臭惡，而集之焉。位峻者顛，輕豪者亡，不可不思害盈之數，盛衰之期。是故山在地中曰謙，雷在天上曰壯；謙則裒多益寡，壯則非禮不履。未有損己而不光大，行非而不傷敗。原君侯上追文王六爻之旨，下思尼父彖象之義，然後三公可決，青蠅可驅也。」颺曰：「此老生之常譚。」輅答曰：「夫老生者見不生，常譚者見不譚。」晏曰：「過歲更當相見。」輅還邑舍，具以此言語舅氏，舅氏責輅言太切至。輅曰：「與死人語，何所畏邪？」舅大怒，謂輅狂悖。歲朝，西北大風，塵埃蔽天，十餘日，聞晏、颺皆誅，然後舅氏乃服。) Sanguozhi vol. 29.
- Chen, Shou (3rd century). Records of the Three Kingdoms (Sanguozhi).
- Pei, Songzhi (5th century). Annotations to Records of the Three Kingdoms (Sanguozhi zhu).