Related Research Articles
Rhodesia,officially from 1970 the Republic of Rhodesia,was an unrecognised state in Southern Africa from 1965 to 1979,equivalent in territory to modern Zimbabwe. Rhodesia was the de facto successor state to the British colony of Southern Rhodesia,which had been self-governing since achieving responsible government in 1923. A landlocked nation,Rhodesia was bordered by South Africa to the south,Bechuanaland to the southwest,Zambia to the northwest,and Mozambique to the east. From 1965 to 1979,Rhodesia was one of two independent states on the African continent governed by a white minority of European descent and culture,the other being South Africa.
Rhodesia's Unilateral Declaration of Independence (UDI) was a statement adopted by the Cabinet of Rhodesia on 11 November 1965,announcing that Rhodesia a British territory in southern Africa that had governed itself since 1923,now regarded itself as an independent sovereign state. The culmination of a protracted dispute between the British and Rhodesian governments regarding the terms under which the latter could become fully independent,it was the first unilateral break from the United Kingdom by one of its colonies since the United States Declaration of Independence in 1776. The UK,the Commonwealth and the United Nations all deemed Rhodesia's UDI illegal,and economic sanctions,the first in the UN's history,were imposed on the breakaway colony. Amid near-complete international isolation,Rhodesia continued as an unrecognised state with the assistance of South Africa and Portugal.
Balthazar Johannes "B. J." Vorster was a South African apartheid politician who served as the prime minister of South Africa from 1966 to 1978 and the fourth state president of South Africa from 1978 to 1979. Known as B. J. Vorster during much of his career,he came to prefer the anglicized name John in the 1970s.
Kamal Ganzouri was an Egyptian economist who served as the Prime Minister of Egypt from 7 December 2011 to 24 July 2012. He previously served as prime minister from 1996 to 1999. He came to power in 1996 succeeding Atef Sedki,and was in turn succeeded by Atef Ebeid in 1999. He was branded Minister of the Poor and the Opposition Minister because of his way of dealing with limited income people and the opposition. Before becoming prime minister,Ganzouri served as Minister of Planning and International Cooperation. On 24 November 2011,Egypt's military rulers appointed him prime minister. He was sworn in and took office on 7 December 2011.
Clifford Walter Dupont was a British-born Rhodesian politician who served in the internationally unrecognised positions of officer administrating the government and president. Born in London and qualifying as a solicitor,Dupont served during the Second World War as an officer of the British Royal Artillery in North Africa before first visiting Southern Rhodesia in 1947. He returned a year later,started a ranch and emigrated full-time during the early 1950s,by which time the country had become a territory of the Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland.
John James Wrathall,was a British-born Rhodesian politician. He was the last white President of Rhodesia. He formerly worked as a chartered accountant.
Sir Humphrey Vicary Gibbs,,was the penultimate Governor of the colony of Southern Rhodesia,from 24 October 1964 described by its internationally unrecognised government simply as Rhodesia,who served until,and opposed,the Unilateral Declaration of Independence (UDI) in 1965.
Stanley Fischer is an Israeli-American economist who served as the 20th vice chair of the Federal Reserve from 2014 to 2017. Fischer previously served as the 8th governor of the Bank of Israel from 2005 to 2013. Born in Northern Rhodesia,he holds dual citizenship in Israel and the United States. He previously served as First Deputy Managing Director of the International Monetary Fund and as Chief Economist of the World Bank. On January 10,2014,President Barack Obama nominated Fischer to the position of Vice Chair of the Federal Reserve. He is a senior advisor at BlackRock. On September 6,2017,Stanley Fischer announced that he was resigning as Vice-Chair for personal reasons effective October 13,2017,two days before his 74th birthday.
The Reserve Bank of Zimbabwe is the central bank of Zimbabwe and is headquartered in Harare.
Dr. Gerhardus Petrus Christiaan de Kock better known as Gerhard de Kock was the sixth Governor of the South African Reserve Bank. He was the son of Dr. M.H. de Kock,who was the third Governor of the South African Reserve Bank. South Africa's constitutional arrangements were changed during his term in office. The 1st Republic was superseded by the 2nd Republic in late 1984. Dr. de Kock was the first Governor of the South African Reserve Bank to die in office. His term was from 1 January 1981 until his death on 7 August 1989. He was succeeded by Dr. Chris Stals.
Tito Titus Mboweni is a South African politician who served as Minister of Finance of South Africa in the government of President Cyril Ramaphosa from 2018 to 2021.
The history of Rhodesia from 1965 to 1979 covers Rhodesia's time as a state unrecognised by the international community following the predominantly white minority government's Unilateral Declaration of Independence on 11 November 1965. Headed by Prime Minister Ian Smith,the Rhodesian Front remained in government until 1 June 1979,when the country was reconstituted as Zimbabwe Rhodesia.
A double referendum was held in Rhodesia on 20 June 1969,in which voters were asked whether they were in favour of or against a) the adoption of a republican form of government,and b) the proposals for a new Constitution,as set out in a white paper and published in a Gazette Extraordinary on 21 May 1969. Both proposals were approved. The country was subsequently declared a republic on 2 March 1970.
The Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland,also known as the Central African Federation (CAF),was a colonial federation that consisted of three southern African territories:the self-governing British colony of Southern Rhodesia and the British protectorates of Northern Rhodesia and Nyasaland. It existed between 1953 and 1963.
The president of Rhodesia was the head of state of Rhodesia from 1970 to 1979. As Rhodesia reckoned itself a parliamentary republic rather than a presidential republic at the time,the president's post was almost entirely ceremonial,and the real power continued to be vested in Rhodesia's prime minister,Ian Smith. Two individuals held the office of president,while two others served as acting presidents. Most were of British descent,but Clifford Dupont,the longest-serving,was of Huguenot stock.
The modern political history of Zimbabwe starts with the arrival of white people to what was dubbed Southern Rhodesia in the 1890s. The country was initially run by an administrator appointed by the British South Africa Company. The prime ministerial role was first created in October 1923,when the country achieved responsible government,with Sir Charles Coghlan as its first Premier. The third premier,George Mitchell,renamed the post prime minister in 1933.
Urjit Patel is a Kenyan-born Indian economist,who formerly served as the 24th Governor of the Reserve Bank of India and also Deputy Governor of Reserve Bank of India,looking after monetary policy,economic research,financial markets,statistics and information management. He resigned from his post on 10 December 2018,being the first RBI governor to state personal reasons as a driving factor for resigning.
Rowan Cronjé was a Rhodesian politician who served in the cabinet under prime ministers Ian Smith and Abel Muzorewa,and was later a Zimbabwean MP. He emigrated to South Africa in 1985 and served in the government of Bophuthatswana.
David Colville Smith was a farmer and politician in Rhodesia and its successor states,Zimbabwe Rhodesia and Zimbabwe. He served in the cabinet of Rhodesia as Minister of Agriculture from 1968 to 1976,Minister of Finance from 1976 to 1979,and Minister of Commerce and Industry from 1978 to 1979. From 1976 to 1979,he also served Deputy Prime Minister of Rhodesia. He continued to serve as Minister of Finance in the government of Zimbabwe Rhodesia in 1979. In 1980,he was appointed Minister of Trade and Commerce of the newly independent Zimbabwe,one of two whites included in the cabinet of Prime Minister Robert Mugabe.
Noel Hugh Botha Bruce was a South African banker and businessman. He was governor of the Reserve Bank of Rhodesia from 1964 to 1976.
References
- ↑ "International Who's Who, South African Trade, Business and Industry". Who's who South Africa (Pty) Limited. 1986.
- ↑ "The International Who's Who, 1989-90". Europa Publications Limited. 1935.
- ↑ "Men of Achievement". Melrose Press. 1980.
- ↑ "Government Gazette Staatskoerant" (PDF). REPUBLIC OF SOUTH AFRICA REPUBLIEK VAN SUID-AFRIKA. September 2020.