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The Somali Armed Forces are the military forces of the Federal Republic of Somalia. Headed by the president as commander-in-chief, they are constitutionally mandated to ensure the nation's sovereignty, independence and territorial integrity.
Mohammed Siad Barre was a Somali military officer, politician, and revolutionary who served as the Head of state of Somalia from 21 October 1969 to 26 January 1991.
The Western Somali Liberation Front was a separatist rebel group fighting in eastern Ethiopia to liberate the Ogaden region from Ethiopian control. It played a major role in the Ogaden War of 1977–78, assisting the invading Somali Army.
Abdullahi Yusuf Ahmed was a Somali politician and former colonel in the Somali National Army. He was one of the founders of the Somali Salvation Democratic Front, as well as the Puntland state of Somalia, the latter of which he served as the first president. In 2004, Ahmed also helped establish the Transitional Federal Government, which he led as President of Somalia from 2004 until 2008.
The Eritrean People's Liberation Front (EPLF), colloquially known as Shabia, was an armed Marxist–Leninist organization that fought for the independence of Eritrea from Ethiopia. It emerged in 1973 as a far-left to left-wing nationalist group that split from the Eritrean Liberation Front (ELF). After achieving Eritrean independence in 1991, it transformed into the People's Front for Democracy and Justice (PFDJ), which serves as Eritrea's sole legal political party.
The Ogaden War, also known as the Ethio-Somali War, was a military conflict fought between Somalia and Ethiopia from July 1977 to March 1978 over the Ethiopian region of Ogaden. Somalia's invasion of the region, precursor to the wider war, met with the Soviet Union's disapproval, leading the superpower to end its support of Somalia and support Ethiopia instead.
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Abdullahi Ahmed Irro, also known as Abdullahi Ahmed Yusuf Irro, was a prominent Somali military professor and general. He helped establish the National Academy for Strategy.
Muse Hassan Sheikh Sayid Abdulle, also known as Muse Sayyid Hassan or Mussa Hassan Sheikh Abdulle, is a senior Somali military figure and politician. He has been the acting president of Somalia and interim speaker of the Federal Parliament. He is Somalia's ambassador to Italy.
Abdullah Mohamed Fadil, also known as Abdalla Mohamed Fadil, was a prominent Somali military figure.
The Battle of Harar was a battle of the Ogaden War. The battle took place from October 1977 until January 1978, and was fought near Harar, Ethiopia. The Cuban soldiers took part supporting the Ethiopian army, during the battle they engaged the attackers in vicious fighting.
The 1978 Somali coup d'état attempt was a violent military coup attempt that took place in Somalia on 9 April 1978, against the regime of President Siad Barre. The United States Central Intelligence Agency estimated that the coup, led by Colonel Mohamed Osman Irro, involved around 24 officers, 2,000 soldiers, and 65 tanks. Following the failed coup, 17 alleged ringleaders, including Osman, were summarily executed by firing squad.
The Somali invasion of Ogaden took place in July 1977 when the Somali Army attacked in two formations. The main force had the aim of seizing Jijiga, Harar and Dire Dawa while a secondary force assaulted Dolo, Gode and Imi.
References
- Robinson, Colin D. (2019). "The Somali National Army: An Assessment". Defense & Security Analysis. 35 (2): 211–221. doi:10.1080/14751798.2019.1600805.
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