Duke of Newcastle

Last updated

Dukedom of Newcastle upon Tyne
Creation date
  • 1665 (first creation)
  • 1694 (second creation)
  • 1715 (third creation)
Created by
Peerage
Remainder tothe 1st Duke's heirs male of the body lawfully begotten
Special remainder for the third creation
Extinction date
  • 1691 (first creation)
  • 1711 (second creation)
  • 1768 (third creation)
Dukedom of Newcastle-under-Lyne
Creation date1756
Created by George II
Peerage Peerage of Great Britain
First holder Thomas Pelham-Holles, 1st Duke of Newcastle upon Tyne
Last holder Edward Pelham-Clinton, 10th Duke of Newcastle-under-Lyne
Remainder to Special remainder
Extinction date1988
Seat(s) Clumber Park

Duke of Newcastle upon Tyne was a title that was created three times, once in the Peerage of England and twice in the Peerage of Great Britain. The first grant of the title was made in 1665 to William Cavendish, 1st Marquess of Newcastle upon Tyne. [1] He was a prominent Royalist commander during the Civil War.

Contents

The related title of Duke of Newcastle-under-Lyne[ sic ] [2] was created once in the Peerage of Great Britain. It was conferred in 1756 on Thomas Pelham-Holles, 1st Duke of Newcastle upon Tyne (of the third creation), to provide a slightly more remote special remainder. The title became extinct in 1988, a year that saw the deaths of the distantly related ninth and tenth Dukes of Newcastle-under-Lyne.

Creations

First creation (1665)

William Cavendish, 1st Duke of Newcastle, was a son of Charles Cavendish, himself the third son of Sir William Cavendish and his wife Bess of Hardwick. One of Charles Cavendish's elder brothers became the 1st Earl of Devonshire (see Duke of Devonshire for further history about this branch of the family).

The first duke, William Cavendish, was the son of Charles Cavendish and his second wife Catherine Ogle, 8th Baroness Ogle, daughter of Cuthbert Ogle, 7th Baron Ogle. William Cavendish became Viscount Mansfield in 1620, and in 1621, he was created Earl of Newcastle upon Tyne and Baron Cavendish of Bolsover. He succeeded his mother as ninth Baron Ogle in 1629, and he became Marquess of Newcastle upon Tyne in 1643. He was elevated to the dukedom of Newcastle upon Tyne in 1665. He also was granted the title of Earl of Ogle as a subsidiary title for the dukedom, to be used as a courtesy title by his heir apparent. Upon his death in 1676, he was succeeded by his son, the second Duke, who was a politician. However, the second Duke's only son and heir apparent (Henry Cavendish, Earl of Ogle) predeceased him. Therefore, upon the second Duke's death in 1691, all of these many titles became extinct, except the barony of Ogle, which fell into abeyance between the second duke's four daughters (one of whom was Lady Elizabeth Cavendish).

Second creation (1694)

The second Duke's third daughter, Lady Margaret Cavendish (1661-1717), married John Holles, 4th Earl of Clare, who was incidentally her first cousin, her mother's sister's son. In 1694, the dukedom was revived when he was created Marquess of Clare and Duke of Newcastle upon Tyne. The Holles family descended from John Holles, who was created Baron Haughton, of Haughton in Nottinghamshire, in 1616 and Earl of Clare in 1624. His second son was a politician, Denzil Holles, 1st Baron Holles. Lord Clare was succeeded by his eldest son, the second Earl. He represented East Retford, Nottinghamshire, in the House of Commons and served as Lord Lieutenant of Nottinghamshire. His son, the third Earl, was briefly MP for Nottinghamshire in 1660. He was succeeded by his son, the aforementioned fourth Earl of Clare, who married a daughter of the second Duke of Newcastle. In 1694, three years after the title became extinct, the Dukedom of Newcastle was revived and granted to the late Duke's son-in-law. The new duke of Newcastle and his wife, Lady Margaret, had only one daughter and no sons. Therefore, on his death in 1711, all his titles became extinct.

Third creation (1715) and Newcastle-under-Lyne (1756)

Thomas Pelham-Holles, 1st Duke of Newcastle and Prime Minister of Great Britain 1stDukeOfNewcastleOld.jpg
Thomas Pelham-Holles, 1st Duke of Newcastle and Prime Minister of Great Britain

The Duke's sister, Lady Grace Holles (died 1700), married Thomas Pelham, 1st Baron Pelham (see Earl of Chichester for earlier history of the Pelham family). Their elder son Thomas, upon his uncle's death in 1711, succeeded to the substantial Holles estates and assumed by Royal Licence the additional surname and arms of Holles. In 1714, the earldom of Clare was revived when he was created Viscount Haughton and Earl of Clare, with remainder to his younger brother Henry Pelham. The following year, the dukedom was revived when he was made Marquess of Clare and Duke of Newcastle upon Tyne, with like special remainder. These titles were in the Peerage of Great Britain. In 1756, when his brother died without male issue and it was evident that the Duke would have no children, the Duke of Newcastle upon Tyne was additionally created Duke of Newcastle-under-Lyne[ sic ] with a different special remainder: to his nephew-by-marriage Henry Clinton, 9th Earl of Lincoln, who rapidly took on the additional surname Pelham. (For the history of this title from the 1768 inheritance upon the 1st Duke's death, see Earl of Lincoln.) The 1st Duke's other titles became extinct, except for the Pelham baronetcy (of Laughton) and the barony of Pelham (of Stanmer), which devolved to his first cousin once-removed, Thomas Pelham. (For the history of these titles, see Earl of Chichester.)

Extensive personal, transaction and estate papers of the dukes are held in the Portland (Welbeck) and Newcastle (Clumber) collections at the University of Nottingham's Department of Manuscripts and Special Collections.

Dukes of Newcastle upon Tyne, first creation (1665)

also Marquess of Newcastle upon Tyne (1643), Earl of Newcastle upon Tyne (1628), Viscount Mansfield (1620) and Baron Ogle (1461)

Earls of Clare (1624)

also Baron Haughton (1616)

Dukes of Newcastle upon Tyne, second creation (1694)

also Earl of Clare (1624) and Baron Haughton (1616)

Dukes of Newcastle upon Tyne, third creation (1715)

also Earl of Clare (1714), Baron Pelham of Laughton (1706), Baron Pelham of Stanmer (1762) and Pelham Baronet, of Laughton (1611)

Dukes of Newcastle-under-Lyne (1756)

1st Duke: also Duke of Newcastle upon Tyne (1715), Earl of Clare (1714), Baron Pelham of Laughton (1706), Baron Pelham of Stanmer (1762) and Pelham Baronet, of Laughton (1611)
see also Earl of Lincoln

Principal seats and abodes

1764 Gentleman's Magazine Map of London and Environs - Geographicus - London-gentsmag-1764.jpg

{{{annotations}}}

1764 Gentleman's Magazine Map of London and Environs - Geographicus - London-gentsmag-1764.jpg
Gentleman's Magazine:
Map of London & Environs, 1764

England

Clumber Park Clumber Park Jones.jpg
Clumber Park

Wales

Hafod Uchtryd Hafod, South Wales.jpeg
Hafod Uchtryd

Ireland

Family tree

Other notable descendants (last creation)

See also

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Henry Pelham</span> 3rd Prime Minister of Great Britain from 1743 to 1754

Henry Pelham was a British Whig statesman who served as Prime Minister of Great Britain from 1743 until his death in 1754. He was the younger brother of Thomas Pelham-Holles, 1st Duke of Newcastle, who served in Pelham's government and succeeded him as prime minister. Pelham is generally considered to have been Britain's third prime minister, after Robert Walpole and the Earl of Wilmington.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Earl of Lincoln</span> Title in the Peerage of England

Earl of Lincoln is a title that has been created eight times in the Peerage of England, most recently in 1572. The title was borne by the Dukes of Newcastle-under-Lyne from 1768 to 1988, until the dukedom became extinct.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Earl of Portland</span> Title in the Peerage of England

Earl of Portland is a title that has been created twice in the Peerage of England, firstly in 1633 and secondly in 1689. What proved to be a long co-held title, Duke of Portland, was created in 1716 and became extinct in 1990 upon the death of the ninth Duke, at which point the earldom passed to the most senior agnatic cousin, namely one of the 6th degree.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Earl of Chichester</span> Peerage

Earl of Chichester is a title that has been created three times, twice in the Peerage of England and once in the Peerage of the United Kingdom. The current title was created in the Peerage of the United Kingdom in 1801 for Thomas Pelham, 2nd Baron Pelham of Stanmer.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Henry Pelham-Clinton, 5th Duke of Newcastle</span> British politician

Henry Pelham Fiennes Pelham-Clinton, 5th Duke of Newcastle-under-Lyne,, styled Earl of Lincoln before 1851, was a British politician.

Earl of Clare was a title of British nobility created three times: once each in the peerages of England, Great Britain and Ireland.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Lord Lieutenant of Nottinghamshire</span>

This is a list of people who have served as Lord Lieutenant of Nottinghamshire. Since 1694, all Lords Lieutenant have also been Custos Rotulorum of Nottinghamshire.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Henry Pelham-Clinton, 2nd Duke of Newcastle</span>

Henry Fiennes Pelham-Clinton, 2nd Duke of Newcastle-under-Lyne, KG, PC was born in London, the second son of the 7th Earl of Lincoln.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Henry Clinton, 7th Earl of Lincoln</span> English noble (1684–1728)

Henry Clinton, 7th Earl of Lincoln,, was the elder surviving son of Francis Clinton, 6th Earl of Lincoln and his second wife Susan Penyston, younger daughter of Rev Anthony Penyston. He succeeded as Earl of Lincoln upon his father's death in 1693, taking his seat in the House of Lords in 1708.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">John Holles, 1st Duke of Newcastle</span> British peer

John Holles, 1st Duke of Newcastle, KG, PC was an English peer.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Henry Cavendish, 2nd Duke of Newcastle</span> English politician

Henry Cavendish, 2nd Duke of Newcastle upon Tyne, KG, PC, styled Lord Henry Cavendish until 1659 and Viscount Mansfield from 1659 to 1676, was an English politician. He sat in the House of Commons from 1660 until 1676, when he inherited the dukedom.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Thomas Pelham, 1st Baron Pelham</span> English Whig politician and Member of Parliament

Thomas Pelham, 1st Baron Pelham of Laughton Bt was a moderate English Whig politician and Member of Parliament for several constituencies. He is best remembered as the father of two British prime ministers who, between them, served for 18 years as first minister.

Gilbert Holles, 3rd Earl of Clare was an English politician who sat in the House of Commons in 1660. He was styled Lord Haughton from 1637 until he succeeded to the title Earl of Clare in 1666.

Edward Charles Pelham-Clinton, 10th Duke of Newcastle-under-Lyne, was an English lepidopterist and military officer as well as duke for less than two months at the end of his life, inheriting the titles from a third cousin.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Thomas Pelham-Clinton, 3rd Duke of Newcastle</span>

Major-General Thomas Pelham-Clinton, 3rd Duke of Newcastle-under-Lyne, known as Lord Thomas Pelham-Clinton until 1779 and as Earl of Lincoln from 1779 to 1794, was a British Army officer and politician who sat in the House of Commons between 1774 and 1794 when he succeeded to the peerage as Duke of Newcastle.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Henry Pelham-Clinton, 4th Duke of Newcastle</span>

Henry Pelham Fiennes Pelham-Clinton, 4th Duke of Newcastle-under-Lyne was a British nobleman and politician who played a leading part in British politics in the late 1820s and early 1830s. He was styled Lord Clinton from birth until 1794 and Earl of Lincoln between 1794 and 1795.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Henry Pelham-Clinton-Hope, 9th Duke of Newcastle</span>

Henry Edward Hugh Pelham-Clinton-Hope, 9th Duke of Newcastle-under-Lyne,, styled Earl of Lincoln from 1928 to 1941, was a British peer and aviator.

The Duchess of Newcastle or the Duchess of Newcastle-upon-Tyne usually refers to the wife or widow of a Duke of Newcastle. The dukedom became extinct in 1988.

The Recorder of Nottingham is the highest appointed legal officer of the Crown within the Nottingham City and Nottinghamshire County areas of England.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Margaret Holles, Duchess of Newcastle-upon-Tyne</span> English noblewoman

Margaret Holles, Duchess of Newcastle-upon-Tyne was an English noblewoman.

References

  1. ↑ Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Newcastle, Dukes of"  . Encyclopædia Britannica . Vol. 19 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 470–471.
  2. ↑ Despite the name of the town being Newcastle-under-Lyme with an "m", the dukedom was created as Lyne with an "n". There is no known satisfactory explanation for the discrepancy, which may have been an error. If it was an error, however, that error has perpetuated itself in numerous sources, including peerage catalogues.
  3. ↑ 'London', in A Topographical Dictionary of England, ed. Samuel Lewis (London, 1848), pp. 129-170, at British History Online, accessed 30 September 2017.
  4. ↑ 'Nottingham', in A Topographical Dictionary of England, ed. Samuel Lewis (London, 1848), pp. 446-461, British History Online, accessed 30 September 2017.
  5. ↑ Samuel Lewis, 'Dyfryn-Elain', in A Topographical Dictionary of Wales (London, 1849), pp. 317-320, British History Online, accessed 30 September 2017.
  6. ↑ Samuel Lewis, 'Cardiganshire', in A Topographical Dictionary of Wales (London, 1849), pp. 158-180, British History Online, accessed 30 September 2017.
  7. ↑ Samuel Lewis, 'Edern - Eidda', in A Topographical Dictionary of Wales (London, 1849), pp. 320-328, British History Online, accessed 30 September 2017.
  8. ↑ Samuel Lewis, 'Llanvihangel', in A Topographical Dictionary of Wales (London, 1849), pp. 129-147, British History Online, accessed 30 September 2017.
  9. ↑ Burke's Peerage, vol. 2 (2003), p. 2337
This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.