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Neutropenia is an abnormally low concentration of neutrophils in the blood. Neutrophils make up the majority of circulating white blood cells and serve as the primary defense against infections by destroying bacteria, bacterial fragments and immunoglobulin-bound viruses in the blood. People with neutropenia are more susceptible to bacterial infections and, without prompt medical attention, the condition may become life-threatening.
Chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML), also known as chronic myeloid leukemia, is a cancer of the white blood cells. It is a form of leukemia characterized by the increased and unregulated growth of myeloid cells in the bone marrow and the accumulation of these cells in the blood. CML is a clonal bone marrow stem cell disorder in which a proliferation of mature granulocytes and their precursors is found; characteristic increase in basophils is clinically relevant. It is a type of myeloproliferative neoplasm associated with a characteristic chromosomal translocation called the Philadelphia chromosome.
Filgrastim, sold under the brand name Neupogen among others, is a medication used to treat low neutrophil count. Low neutrophil counts may occur with HIV/AIDS, following chemotherapy or radiation poisoning, or be of an unknown cause. It may also be used to increase white blood cells for gathering during leukapheresis. It is given either by injection into a vein or under the skin. Filgrastim is a leukocyte growth factor.
Primary myelofibrosis (PMF) is a rare bone marrow blood cancer. It is classified by the World Health Organization (WHO) as a type of myeloproliferative neoplasm, a group of cancers in which there is activation and growth of mutated cells in the bone marrow. This is most often associated with a somatic mutation in the JAK2, CALR, or MPL genes. In PMF, the bony aspects of bone marrow are remodeled in a process called osteosclerosis; in addition, fibroblast secrete collagen and reticulin proteins that are collectively referred to as (fibrosis). These two pathological processes compromise the normal function of bone marrow resulting in decreased production of blood cells such as erythrocytes, granulocytes and megakaryocytes, the latter cells responsible for the production of platelets.
Cyclophosphamide (CP), also known as cytophosphane among other names, is a medication used as chemotherapy and to suppress the immune system. As chemotherapy it is used to treat lymphoma, multiple myeloma, leukemia, ovarian cancer, breast cancer, small cell lung cancer, neuroblastoma, and sarcoma. As an immune suppressor it is used in nephrotic syndrome, granulomatosis with polyangiitis, and following organ transplant, among other conditions. It is taken by mouth or injection into a vein.
Pegfilgrastim, sold under the brand name Neulasta among others, is a PEGylated form of the recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (GCSF) analog filgrastim. It serves to stimulate the production of white blood cells (neutrophils). Pegfilgrastim was developed by Amgen.
Gemtuzumab ozogamicin, sold under the brand name Mylotarg, is an antibody-drug conjugate that is used to treat acute myeloid leukemia.
Sargramostim is a recombinant granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) that functions as an immunostimulator.
Dasatinib, sold under the brand name Sprycel among others, is a targeted therapy medication used to treat certain cases of chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) and acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Specifically it is used to treat cases that are Philadelphia chromosome-positive (Ph+). It is taken by mouth.
Treosulfan, sold under the brand name Trecondi, is a medication given to people before they have a bone marrow transplant from a donor known as allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. It is used as a 'conditioning' treatment to clear the bone marrow and make room for the transplanted bone marrow cells, which can then produce healthy blood cells. It is used together with another medicine called fludarabine in adults and children from one month of age with blood cancers as well as in adults with other severe disorders requiring a bone marrow transplant.
Ribonucleotide reductase inhibitors are a family of anti-cancer drugs that interfere with the growth of tumor cells by blocking the formation of deoxyribonucleotides.
Spectrum Pharmaceuticals is an American biopharmaceutical company located in Boston, MA. It develops and markets drugs for treatments in hematology and oncology.
Cabazitaxel, sold under the brand name Jevtana, is a semi-synthetic derivative of a natural taxoid. It is a microtubule inhibitor, and the fourth taxane to be approved as a cancer therapy.
Perfosfamide, or 4-hydroperoxycyclophosphamide was an experimental drug candidate for blood cancers that was rejected by the FDA in 1993 and never reached the market.
Polatuzumab vedotin, sold under the brand name Polivy, is a CD79b-directed antibody-drug conjugate medication used for the treatment of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (cancer). It was developed by the Genentech subsidiary of Roche.
Venetoclax, sold under the brand names Venclexta and Venclyxto, is a medication used to treat adults with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), small lymphocytic lymphoma (SLL), or acute myeloid leukemia (AML).
Trilaciclib, sold under the brand name Cosela, is a medication used to reduce the frequency of chemotherapy-induced bone marrow suppression.
Decitabine/cedazuridine, sold under the brand name Inqovi among others, is a fixed-dose combination anticancer medication used for the treatment of adults with myelodysplastic syndromes and chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML). It is a combination of decitabine, a nucleoside metabolic inhibitor, and cedazuridine, a cytidine deaminase inhibitor.
Lipegfilgrastim, sold under the brand name Lonquex, is a medication used to reduce the duration of neutropenia and the incidence of febrile neutropenia in adults. It is given by injection under the skin in the abdomen, upper arm or thigh.
Efbemalenograstim alfa, sold under the brand name Ryzneuta, is a medication used to decrease the incidence of infection in chemotherapy-induced neutropenia. It is a leukocyte growth factor. It is given by subcutaneous injection.
References
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 "Rolvedon- eflapegrastim-xnst injection, solution". DailyMed. 23 September 2022. Archived from the original on 16 October 2022. Retrieved 16 October 2022.
- ↑ pharmaceutical h. "Pipeline - R&D". Hanmi Pharmaceutical. Archived from the original on 2 February 2017. Retrieved 23 January 2017.
- ↑ Blayney DW, Schwartzberg L (September 2022). "Chemotherapy-induced neutropenia and emerging agents for prevention and treatment: A review". Cancer Treatment Reviews. 109: 102427. doi:10.1016/j.ctrv.2022.102427. PMID 35785754. S2CID 249936800.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 "Drug Trials Snapshots: Rolvedon". U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). 9 September 2022. Retrieved 3 December 2023.
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain . - ↑ "Rolvedon: FDA-Approved Drugs". U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Archived from the original on 19 September 2022. Retrieved 18 September 2022.
- ↑ "Spectrum Pharmaceuticals Receives FDA Approval for Rolvedon (eflapegrastim-xnst) Injection". Business Wire (Press release). 9 September 2022. Archived from the original on 9 September 2022. Retrieved 18 September 2022.
