Ellinikon International Airport

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Ellinikon International Airport

Διεθνής Αερολιμένας Ελληνικού
Hellinikon Airport aerial view 1998-3-9.png
Aerial view of the airport in 1998. The construction site on the top of the image is what would become the new Athens airport.
Summary
Airport typeDefunct
OwnerHellinikon S.A. [2]
Serves Athens
Location Elliniko, Athens, Greece
Opened1938 (1938)
Closed28 March 2001 (2001-03-28)
Hub for Olympic Airways
Focus city for Trans World Airlines
Elevation  AMSL 21 m / 68 ft
Coordinates 37°53′54″N23°43′46″E / 37.89833°N 23.72944°E / 37.89833; 23.72944
Website www.hellinikon.com
Runways
Direction LengthSurface
mft
15L/33R3,50011,483 Paved (closed)
15R/33L3,14810,331Paved (closed)
The airport is closed to all aviation.

Ellinikon International Airport( IATA : ATH, ICAO : LGAT), sometimes spelled Hellinikon, was an international airport that served Athens, Greece, for 63 years. Following its closure on 28 March 2001, it was replaced in service by the new Athens International Airport Eleftherios Venizelos. The airport was located 7 kilometres (4.3 mi) south of Athens, and just west of Glyfada. It was named after the village of Elliniko, now a suburb of Athens. The airport had an official capacity of 11 million passengers per year, but served 13.5 million passengers during its last year of operations. A large portion of the site was converted into a stadium and sports facilities for the 2004 Olympic Games.

Contents

The former airport is now the site of a major development for coastal Athens, which came under criticism because well-preserved historic buildings (from the 1930s) were demolished. In 2020, construction began on the Hellenikon Metropolitan Park, a complex consisting of luxury homes, hotels, a casino, the Inspire Athens tower, a marina, shops, and offices; it is estimated to be completed by 2025. [3] [4]

The airport site is bordered by beaches to the west, by the Glyfada Golf Club to the south, by the Elliniko-Glyfada municipal boundary, and by a residential area. The Athens radar center is still based at Elliniko.

History

Athens Airport Terminal in 1961 Athens Airport Terminal.jpg
Athens Airport Terminal in 1961
Olympic Airways Boeing 707 taking off from Ellinikon in 1973 Boeing 707-384B SX-DBF Olympic ATH 22.04.73 edited-2.jpg
Olympic Airways Boeing 707 taking off from Ellinikon in 1973
Douglas DC-3 of the Hellenic CAA at Ellinikon Airport in April 1973 Douglas C-47.R4D-7 SX-ECF Hellenic CAA Athens 23.04.73.jpg
Douglas DC-3 of the Hellenic CAA at Ellinikon Airport in April 1973
Olympic Airways Boeing 747-200B landing at the airport in 1996. This airframe - SX-OAB - still remains as one of the four abandoned aircraft at the defunct airport to this day. Olympic Airways Boeing 747-200B SX-OAB ATH 1996-10-19.png
Olympic Airways Boeing 747-200B landing at the airport in 1996. This airframe - SX-OAB - still remains as one of the four abandoned aircraft at the defunct airport to this day.

Built in 1938, Ellinikon International Airport was originally called Kalamaki Airfield. Following the German invasion of Greece in 1941, Kalamaki Airfield was used as a Luftwaffe air base during the occupation. After World War II, the Greek government allowed the United States to use the airport from 1945 until 1993. Known as Hassani Airport in 1945, it was used by the United States Army Air Forces (USAF) as early as 1 October 1945 as a base of operations for Air Transport Command flights between Rome, Italy, and points in the Middle East. By agreement with Greece, the USAF operated out of the airport for over four decades. In 1988, in one of the first projects for the eventual bid for the 1996 Summer Olympics, the Greek government decided not to renew the agreement, as technical and security issues prevented the airport's modernization and expansion. Additionally, it was considered one of the most difficult and risky airports in the world for take-offs and landings because of the natural characteristics of the region (a short and small runway on a narrow strip of flat land between the Aegean Sea and the mountains surrounding the Attiki basin, particularly Mt. Hymmetus. After the non-renewal of the agreement, a series of feasibility studies began on the possibility of a deactivation of the airport and the construction of a new one. Three years after the withdrawal of the agreement, the USAF concluded its operations after the end of the Gulf War. [5]

The airport was the base of operations for the Greek national carrier Olympic Airways. The airport had two terminals: the West Terminal for Olympic Airways, and the East Terminal for all other carriers. [6] :27 The East Terminal building was designed between 1960 and 1969 by Finnish architect Eero Saarinen. [7] Just before its closure in 2001, the airport recorded a 15.6% growth rate over its previous year, serving 13.5 million passengers per year and handling 57 airlines flying to 87 destinations. [8] The airport's official capacity was 11 million passengers per year. [8]

The airport was closed on 28 March 2001. The last aircraft to depart from Ellinikon was an Olympic Airways Boeing 737 bound for Thessaloníki. All flights were transferred to the new Athens International Airport, located 20 km east of the city in Spata. [9]

The Civil Aviation Museum operated out of the West Terminal from April 2011 until 2018. The Olympic Airways Employees’ Cultural Center (POLKEOA) hopes to reopen a museum showcasing its collection of Olympic Airways memorabilia and aircraft. [10]

A large part of the airport is still derelict, and old aircraft and airport vehicles can still be seen on the site. [11] [12] The site has been used as a camp for immigrants and refugees. [13]

Redevelopment

After its closure, the northwest portion of the airport was redeveloped, converting aprons into a provisory Olympic complex that housed the 2004 Summer Olympics venues for canoe and kayak slalom, field hockey, baseball, and softball. Other Olympics-related upgrades to the airport included transforming one of the western hangars into the secondary arena for the basketball tournament and the fencing competition. During the 2004 Summer Paralympics, the arena hosted wheelchair fencing and sitting volleyball matches. The archery events, blind football, and CP football were held at the hockey and softball fields.

The external 2004 Olympic Rings in November 2018 External Olympic Rings - Athens 2004.jpg
The external 2004 Olympic Rings in November 2018

In 2005, a team led by architects David Serero, Elena Fernandez, and landscape architect Philippe Coignet won a competition against over 300 teams of architects to design a metropolitan park on the former site of the Ellinikon Airport. The competition was sponsored by UIA (International Union of Architects), the Greek Ministry of Environment, and the Organization for the Planning and Environmental Protection of Athens (ORSA). The project was further developed in 2006 and 2007 by this team through two development phases with the planning organizations of Athens. By 2012, government plans to attract investors and develop the site commercially were eclipsing the proposed park, though nearby communities remained vocal about their preference for a park. [14] There was also another plan to turn the airport into a coastal resort. [15]

View of the abandoned runway in November 2018 Ellinikon Airport Runway - Nov 2018.jpg
View of the abandoned runway in November 2018

Accidents and incidents

The following is a list of aircraft accidents and incidents that occurred at or in the vicinity of Ellinikon airport. Only deadly occurrences or hull-losses are listed.

Climate

Elliniko has a hot semi-arid climate (BSh), closely bordering a Mediterranean climate (Csa) with hot, dry summers and cool, rainy winters.

Climate data for Athens, Elliniko, 10 m asl (1955-1997)
MonthJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDecYear
Mean daily maximum °C (°F)13.6
(56.5)
14.1
(57.4)
15.7
(60.3)
19.4
(66.9)
24.1
(75.4)
28.7
(83.7)
31.8
(89.2)
31.7
(89.1)
28.2
(82.8)
23.2
(73.8)
18.8
(65.8)
15.2
(59.4)
22.0
(71.7)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F)7.0
(44.6)
7.1
(44.8)
8.4
(47.1)
11.4
(52.5)
15.8
(60.4)
20.1
(68.2)
22.8
(73.0)
22.8
(73.0)
19.6
(67.3)
15.6
(60.1)
12.0
(53.6)
8.8
(47.8)
14.3
(57.7)
Average precipitation mm (inches)48.3
(1.90)
40.9
(1.61)
39.7
(1.56)
26.0
(1.02)
15.2
(0.60)
5.6
(0.22)
5.2
(0.20)
7.0
(0.28)
9.6
(0.38)
47.8
(1.88)
55.4
(2.18)
64.1
(2.52)
364.8
(14.35)
Source: Hellenic National Meteorological Service [24]


Film use

See also

Notes

  1. All civil traffic of this airport was moved to Eleftherios Venizelos Airport in 2001. [1]

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