Ermine moth

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Certain members of the unrelated snout moths (Pyralidae) are also known as "ermine moths." Spilosoma lubricipeda is an unrelated moth with the common name "white ermine."

Contents

Ermine moth
Yponomeuta evonymella01.jpg
Yponomeuta evonymella
Web covered tree 3.JPG
Communal larval web
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Insecta
Order: Lepidoptera
Superfamily: Yponomeutoidea
Family: Yponomeutidae
Stephens, 1829
Diversity
600 species

The family Yponomeutidae are known as the ermine moths , with several hundred species, most of them in the tropics. The larvae tend to form communal webs, [1] and some are minor pests in agriculture, forestry, and horticulture. Adult moths are minor pollinators.

There are five or six subfamilies. Some authors also include the closely related Plutellidae as yet another subfamily:

Subfamilies

The following genera do not have assigned subfamilies available:

Characteristics

Larvae of Ermine moths at the bottom of their cocoon Gespinstmottenlarven.Landschaftsschutzgebiet.Grossbeeren.jpg
Larvae of Ermine moths at the bottom of their cocoon

Ermine moths are small to medium-sized moths varying in wingspan from 8 to 31 mm (0.3 to 1.2 in). The heads mostly have smooth scales, the haustellum is naked and the labial palps are curved upwards. The maxillary palps usually consist of one or two segments. The wings are long, often with fringes on the trailing edges of the hindwings. The colour is usually white, pale grey or drab, often with many dark speckles. [2]

Adult ermine moths are mostly nocturnal.

The larvae are leaf-webbers, leaf skeletonizers, leafminers or needleminers and are found on a variety of host plants. Some cause economic damage to crops and trees. [2]

Species (selection)

Better-known species include:

Etymology

The word Yponomeutidae comes from the Ancient Greek ὑπό (ypo) meaning under and νομός (nomós) meaning food or dwelling, thus "feeding secretly, or burrow". [3]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Leaf beetle</span> Family of beetles

The insects of the beetle family Chrysomelidae are commonly known as leaf beetles, and include over 37,000 species in more than 2,500 genera, making up one of the largest and most commonly encountered of all beetle families. Numerous subfamilies are recognized, but the precise taxonomy and systematics are likely to change with ongoing research.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Pyralidae</span> Family of moths

The Pyralidae, commonly called pyralid moths, snout moths or grass moths, are a family of Lepidoptera in the ditrysian superfamily Pyraloidea. In many classifications, the grass moths (Crambidae) are included in the Pyralidae as a subfamily, making the combined group one of the largest families in the Lepidoptera. The latest review by Eugene G. Munroe and Maria Alma Solis retain the Crambidae as a full family of Pyraloidea.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Microlepidoptera</span> Grouping of moths

Microlepidoptera (micromoths) is an artificial grouping of moth families, commonly known as the "smaller moths". These generally have wingspans of under 20 mm, so are harder to identify by external phenotypic markings than macrolepidoptera. They present some lifestyles that the larger Lepidoptera do not have, but this is not an identifying mark. Some hobbyists further divide this group into separate groups, such as leaf miners or rollers, stem or root borers, and then usually follow the more rigorous scientific taxonomy of lepidopterans. Efforts to stabilize the term have usually proven inadequate.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Notodontidae</span> Moth family known as prominents

Notodontidae is a family of moths with approximately 3,800 known species. The family was described by James Francis Stephens in 1829. Moths of this family are found in all parts of the world, but they are most concentrated in tropical areas, especially in the New World.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Gracillariidae</span> Family of moths

Gracillariidae is an important family of insects in the order Lepidoptera and the principal family of leaf miners that includes several economic, horticultural or recently invasive pest species such as the horse-chestnut leaf miner, Cameraria ohridella.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Mediterranean flour moth</span> Species of moth

The Mediterranean flour moth or mill moth is a moth of the family Pyralidae. It is a common pest of cereal grains, especially flour. This moth is found throughout the world, especially in countries with temperate climates. It prefers warm temperatures for more rapid development, but it can survive a wide range of temperatures.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Plutellidae</span> Family of moths

The Plutellidae are a family of moths commonly known as the diamondback moths, named after the diamondback moth of European origin. It was once considered to have three subfamilies: Plutellinae, Praydinae, and Scythropiinae. Praydinae was later elevated to its own family, Praydidae, while Scythropiinae has variously been moved to Yponomeutidae or also elevated to its own family.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Bird-cherry ermine</span> Species of moth

The bird-cherry ermine is a species of moth in the family Yponomeutidae, the ermine moths. The wingspan of the moth ranges from 16 to 25 mm. The insect was first described in 1758 by the Swedish naturalist Carl Linnaeus who gave it the name Phalaena evonymella; it was later transferred to the genus Yponomeuta, becoming Yponomeuta evonymella. The moth can be found in the whole of Europe and the northern and eastern part of Asia.

<i>Yponomeuta plumbella</i> Species of moth

Yponomeuta plumbella is a moth from the family Yponomeutidae, the ermine moths.

<i>Yponomeuta cagnagella</i> Species of moth

Yponomeuta cagnagella, the spindle ermine, is a moth from the family Yponomeutidae, the ermine moths. The wingspan of the moth ranges from 19 to 26 millimetres. The head is white. Forewings are white; four longitudinal series of few black dots, first not reaching middle, second beginning near before middle, lowest including 4-7 dots; some additional black dots before termen; cilia white. Hindwings are dark grey. The larva is pale greyish-yellowish; spots black; head black.

<i>Yponomeuta padella</i> Species of moth

Yponomeuta padella is a lepidopteran from the family Yponomeutidae, the ermine moths. It is also known as the cherry ermine

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Yponomeutinae</span> Subfamily of moths

Yponomeutinae is a subfamily of "micromoths" in the lepidopteran family Yponomeutidae. As their scientific name implies, this is the subfamily containing the type genus of the ermine moths, Yponomeuta. The subfamily has worldwide distribution.

<i>Yponomeuta malinellus</i> Species of moth

Yponomeuta malinellus, the apple ermine, is a moth of the family Yponomeutidae. It is native to Europe and Asia, and it has spread to North America.

<i>Scythropia crataegella</i> Species of moth

Scythropia crataegella, the hawthorn moth, is a species of moth in the family Plutellidae from western Eurasia. It is usually placed in a small subfamily Scythropiinae, which is sometimes included in the Yponomeutinae of the Yponomeutidae.

<i>Argyresthia curvella</i> Species of moth

Argyresthia curvella is a species of ermine moth. It belongs to subfamily Argyresthiinae, which is sometimes elevated to full family rank in the superfamily Yponomeutoidea. It is commonly called apple blossom tineid, reflecting the fact that it was originally believed to be a tineid moth.

Argyresthia arceuthina is a moth of the family Yponomeutidae. It is found in Europe.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Erebidae</span> Family of moths

The Erebidae are a family of moths in the superfamily Noctuoidea. The family is among the largest families of moths by species count and contains a wide variety of well-known macromoth groups. The family includes the underwings (Catocala); litter moths (Herminiinae); tiger, lichen, and wasp moths (Arctiinae); tussock moths (Lymantriinae), including the arctic woolly bear moth ; fruit-piercing moths ; micronoctuoid moths (Micronoctuini); snout moths (Hypeninae); and zales, though many of these common names can also refer to moths outside the Erebidae. Some of the erebid moths are called owlets.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Phycitinae</span> Subfamily of moths

The Phycitinae are a subfamily of snout moths. Even though the Pyralidae subfamilies are all quite diverse, Phycitinae stand out even by standards of their family: with over 600 genera considered valid and more than 4000 species placed here at present, they unite up more than three-quarters of living snout moth diversity. Together with the closely related Epipaschiinae, they are apparently the most advanced lineage of snout moths.

<i>Eccopisa</i> Genus of moths

Eccopisa is a genus of snout moths. It was described by Philipp Christoph Zeller in 1848.

<i>Yponomeuta gigas</i> Species of moth

Yponomeuta gigas is a moth of the family Yponomeutidae. It is found on the Canary Islands.

References

  1. James, David G. (2017). The Book of Caterpillars: A Life-Size Guide to Six Hundred Species from Around the World. University of Chicago Press. p. 288. ISBN   978-0-226-28736-2.
  2. 1 2 Capinera, John L. (2008). Encyclopedia of Entomology. Springer Science & Business Media. pp. 1360–1361. ISBN   978-1-4020-6242-1.
  3. Westwood, J. O. (October 1837). Loudon, John Claudius (ed.). "A series of Articles on the Insects most Injurious to Cultivators -- No. 8. The small Ermine Moth". The Gardener's Magazine and Register of Rural and Domestic Improvement. 13: 434.