Eugene McDaniel

Last updated

Eugene McDaniel
Captain Eugene "Red" McDaniel.jpg
Captain Eugene "Red" McDaniel
Birth nameEugene Barker McDaniel
Nickname(s)Red (for his hair color)
Born (1931-09-27) September 27, 1931 (age 92)
Kinston, North Carolina
AllegianceUnited States of America
Service/branchFlag of the United States Navy (official).svg  United States Navy
Years of service1955 1982
Rank US-O6 insignia.svg Captain
Service number 0-1319 / 4751406
UnitVA-35 on USS Enterprise (CVN-65)
Commands held
Battles/wars Vietnam War
Cold War
Awards Navy Cross ribbon.svg Navy Cross
1 golden star.svg
Silver Star ribbon.svg
Silver Star Medal (2)
"V" device, gold.svg
1 golden star.svg
Legion of Merit ribbon.svg
Legion of Merit (2)
Distinguished Flying Cross ribbon.svg DFC
"V" device, gold.svg
1 golden star.svg
1 golden star.svg
Bronze Star ribbon.svg
Bronze Star Medal
1 golden star.svg
Purple Heart ribbon.svg
Purple Heart (2)
Spouse(s)Dorothy Howard

Eugene Barker McDaniel (born 27 September 1931) is a retired United States Navy captain, Naval Aviator and a prisoner of war during the Vietnam War. He was released from captivity on 4 March 1973 after six years of confinement.

Contents

Background

McDaniel was born in September 1931 to Willard and Helen McDaniel, [1] [2] poor tobacco sharecroppers in North Carolina. He was the eldest of eight children. In High School, he was heavily involved in athletics and played basketball and baseball. He had an offer to play baseball professionally, but his father insisted that McDaniel attend college, having only finished 4th grade himself. McDaniel attended Campbell Junior College in Buies Creek, North Carolina on an athletic scholarship. He met his wife Dorothy Howard, the daughter of a Baptist minister, at Campbell and married her six years later. Following Campbell, McDaniel attended Elon College in Elon, North Carolina and enlisted in the Navy. He became interested in aviation since he felt it complemented his athletic mindset. He attended flight school in Corpus Christi, Texas then moved to Virginia Beach, Virginia. He had three children with Dorothy prior to his capture in Vietnam, Mike, David and Leslie. [3]

McDaniel began US Navy active duty 15 March 1955 and was designated a Naval Aviator 1 October 1956 after completing training. From 1956 to 1960, he was a Special Weapons Delivery Instructor with VA-25 and VA-65, which was equipped with the Douglas A-1 Skyraider at the time. From 1961 to 1963, he was a Replacement Air Group (RAG) Flight Instructor with VA-42. From 1963 to 1965, McDaniel was with USS Independence as an assistant Carrier Air Traffic Control (CATC) after completing training for Air Intercept Controller (AIC) / Carrier Controlled Approach (CCA) in Glynco, Georgia. [4]

McDaniel deployed on a combat tour to Vietnam as Maintenance Officer with VA-35 aboard USS Enterprise starting in November 1966. He flew 81 combat missions up to May 1967. [4] McDaniel was shot down while flying an A-6A Intruder aircraft (buno 152594) on 19 May 1967 during an Alpha strike on Văn Điển, south of Hanoi, in North Vietnam during Operation Rolling Thunder. [3] [5] He was listed as "missing in action" until the Hanoi government acknowledged that he was being held prisoner in 1970. [6] His bombardier-navigator, James Kelly Patterson, also ejected from the A-6, but as of 2014, it was presumed that Patterson was captured and died at some point later. [7]

McDaniel was tortured while in captivity during the Vietnam War. The most severe torture resulted from his active role in camp communications during an organized escape attempt by his fellow prisoners in June 1969. During that time McDaniel was detained in isolation for more than two weeks, severely beaten, bound with ropes resulting in a compound fracture of his arm, deprived of sleep and subjected to electrical shock. [3] [8] Even though he was not directly involved in planning the escape attempt, he refused to give his torturers the names of the organizers and accepted responsibility for the attempt himself. He is the author of Scars and Stripes, a book telling about his six years of captivity in North Vietnam, with much of it in Hỏa Lò Prison, known as the Hanoi Hilton. [3]

He was released from captivity on 4 March 1973, after 6 years of captivity [9] and spent much of 1973 attached to Portsmouth Naval Hospital, Portsmouth, Virginia. When McDaniel returned home from Vietnam, he was awarded the Navy's second highest award for bravery, the Navy Cross. Among his other military decorations are two Silver Stars, the Legion of Merit with Combat "V", the Distinguished Flying Cross, three Bronze Stars with Combat "V", and two Purple Hearts for wounds received while in captivity. [6]

Captain McDaniel resumed active duty and served as Commanding Officer of USS Niagara Falls from 21 June 1975 to 10 September 1976 [10] and Commanding Officer of the aircraft carrier USS Lexington from 25 May 1977 to 30 November 1978. [11] Under his command, Lexington experienced no serious accidents while accomplishing more than 20,000 carrier landings. [6] While Captain McDaniel was commander of the Lexington, Gerard Bianco [12] was commissioned by the Navy to go aboard and paint the most exciting thing he found, which turned out to be Captain McDaniel. McDaniel's portrait hangs in the National Museum of the United States Navy in Washington, D.C.

McDaniel served as Director of Navy/Marine Corps Liaison to the United States House of Representatives from 1979 to 1981. In this capacity, Captain McDaniel worked daily with Congress on national defense planning and provided legislators with information vital to the strategic development of Navy forces throughout the world. He retired from the Navy 6 January 1982. [4] [6]

Post-Navy Career

McDaniel subsequently became involved in the Vietnam War POW/MIA issue, leading to a "grassroots campaign to focus attention on American servicemen still missing in Southeast Asia." [6]

In 1982, McDaniel ran on the Republican ticket against Democratic incumbent Charles Orville Whitley to represent North Carolina's 3rd congressional district. [13] McDaniel was defeated 63% to 36% in that election.

In 1988, McDaniel went on a speaking tour of US Navy commands to encourage military personnel to register to vote and discussing his experiences as a POW. [14]

McDaniel was President of the American Defense Institute, a non-profit organization headquartered in Washington, D.C. He founded ADI to increase public awareness of the need for a strong national defense. [6]

In 2010, McDaniel was on a speaking tour for US Navy officers and also speaking at returning soldier and sailor workshops. [15] [16]

Awards and honors

Navy Cross Navycross.jpg
Navy Cross

For his actions in captivity from 14–29 June 1969 he received the Navy Cross with the following citation:

The President of the United States of America takes pleasure in presenting the Navy Cross to Captain Eugene Barker McDaniel (NSN: 0-1319/4751406), United States Navy, for extraordinary heroism as a Prisoner of War (POW) in North Vietnam from 14 June to 29 June 1969. Due to an unsuccessful escape attempt by two of his fellow prisoners, his captors launched a vicious round of torture to single out the senior POW's who were to blame for the breakout. During these torture sessions a confession led to exposing him as the communications link between the senior ranking officer of the main prison camp and the adjacent annex detachment. He accepted the responsibility for the escape and fabricated a story of his own planned escape. After interrogation, the enemy severely tortured him in their attempt to obtain information about the organization and policies of the American POW's in the camp. Under the most adverse of conditions, he heroically resisted these cruelties and never divulged the information demanded by the North Vietnamese. His exemplary courage, maximum resistance, and aggressiveness in the face of the enemy reflected great credit upon himself and upheld the highest traditions of the Naval Service and the United States Armed Forces. [17]

Navy Department Board of Decorations and Medals

Bibliography

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Hỏa Lò Prison</span> Vietnamese Prison Camp

Hỏa Lò Prison was a prison in Hanoi originally used by the French colonists in Indochina for political prisoners, and later by North Vietnam for U.S. prisoners of war during the Vietnam War. During this later period, it was known to American POWs as the "Hanoi Hilton". Following Operation Homecoming, the prison was used to incarcerate Vietnamese dissidents and other political prisoners, including the poet Nguyễn Chí Thiện. The prison was demolished during the 1990s, although its gatehouse remains a museum.

USS <i>Lexington</i> (CV-16) Essex-class aircraft carrier of the US Navy

USS Lexington (CV/CVA/CVS/CVT/AVT-16) is an Essex-class aircraft carrier built during World War II for the United States Navy. Originally intended to be named Cabot, the new aircraft carrier was renamed while under construction to commemorate the recently-lost USS Lexington (CV-2), becoming the sixth U.S. Navy ship to bear the name in honor of the Battle of Lexington.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">James Stockdale</span> US Navy admiral and aviator (1923–2005)

James Bond "Jim" Stockdale was a United States Navy vice admiral and aviator who was awarded the Medal of Honor in the Vietnam War, during which he was a prisoner of war for over seven years.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Jeremiah Denton</span> US Navy admiral and politician (1924–2014)

Jeremiah Andrew Denton Jr. was an American politician and military officer who served as a U.S. Senator representing Alabama from 1981 to 1987. He was the first Republican to be popularly elected to a Senate seat in Alabama. Denton was previously a United States Navy rear admiral and naval aviator taken captive during the Vietnam War.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">William P. Lawrence</span> American poet

William Porter "Bill" Lawrence was a decorated United States Navy vice admiral and Naval Aviator who served as Superintendent of the United States Naval Academy from 1978 to 1981. Lawrence was a noted pilot, the first Naval Aviator to fly twice the speed of sound in a naval aircraft, and one of the final candidates for the Mercury space program. During the Vietnam War, Lawrence was shot down while on a combat mission and spent six years as a prisoner of war, from 1967 to 1973. During this time, he became noted for his resistance to his captors.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">George Thomas Coker</span> United States Navy commander (born 1943)

George Thomas Coker is a retired United States Navy commander who was awarded the Navy Cross for extraordinary heroism as a prisoner of war (POW) during the Vietnam War. An Eagle Scout, he is noted for his devotion to Scouting.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Everett Alvarez Jr.</span> American Navy officer

Everett Alvarez Jr. is a retired United States Navy officer who endured one of the longest periods as a prisoner of war (POW) in U.S. military history. Alvarez was the first U.S. pilot to be shot down and detained during the Vietnam War and spent over eight years in captivity, making him the second longest-held U.S. POW, after U.S. Army Colonel Floyd James Thompson.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">VFA-143</span> Military unit

Strike Fighter Squadron 143 (VFA-143), also known as the "Pukin Dogs," is a United States Navy strike fighter squadron based at Naval Air Station Oceana, Virginia. The Pukin Dogs are an operational fleet squadron and flying the F/A-18E Super Hornet. They are currently attached to Carrier Air Wing One and USS Harry S Truman. They are currently at their homeport of NAS Oceana. Their radio callsign is Taproom.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Diego E. Hernández</span> Recipient of the Purple Heart medal

Vice Admiral Diego E. Hernandez was a United States Navy officer who was the first Hispanic American to be named Vice Commander, North American Aerospace Defense Command (NORAD).

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Orson Swindle</span>

Orson G. Swindle III is a retired United States Marine Corps officer, a decorated Vietnam War prisoner of war, and a former Commissioner of the Federal Trade Commission of the United States, serving from December 18, 1997 to June 30, 2005. He had previously served as Assistant Secretary of Commerce during the Reagan Administration.

The early life and military career of John Sidney McCain III spans the first forty-five years of his life (1936–1981). McCain's father and grandfather were admirals in the United States Navy. McCain was born on August 29, 1936, in the Panama Canal Zone, and attended many schools growing up as his family moved among naval facilities. McCain graduated from the United States Naval Academy in 1958. He married the former Carol Shepp in 1965; he adopted two children from her previous marriage and they had another child together.

Hispanics in the United States Navy can trace their tradition of naval military service to men such as Lieutenant Jordi Farragut Mesquida, who served in the American Revolution. Hispanics, such as Seaman Philip Bazaar and Seaman John Ortega, have distinguished themselves in combat and have been awarded the Medal of Honor, the highest military decoration of the United States. Hispanics have also reached the top ranks of the navy, serving their country in sensitive leadership positions on domestic and foreign shores. Among those who have reached the highest ranks in the navy are Commodore Uriah Phillips Levy, of Sephardic and Ashkenazic Jewish descent, who participated in the War of 1812 as an assistant Sailing master; Admiral David Glasgow Farragut, for whom the rank of admiral in the U.S. Navy was created during the American Civil War; and Admiral Horacio Rivero, who led the navy during the Cuban Missile Crisis.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">John Heaphy Fellowes</span> Vietnam-era POW hero (1932–2010)

John Heaphy "Jack" Fellowes was a U.S. Navy captain, pilot who became a prisoner of war (POW) during the Vietnam War. He was known as "Happy Jack" because of his infectious sense of humor, which he maintained even while a POW. He was awarded the Silver Star for his "conspicuous gallantry and intrepidity" while a POW, credited with "contributed significantly toward the eventual abandonment of harsh treatment by the North Vietnamese".

Richard Allen Stratton is a retired Naval Aviator and a clinical social worker. He served as lieutenant commander during the Vietnam War from 1966 to 1973. He served on the USS Ticonderoga (CVA-14)/Air Wing 19/Attack Squadron VA-192. Richard flew 22 combat missions, earned two Air Medals and the Combat Action Ribbon. After capture by the North Vietnamese on January 5, 1967, he served with the Fourth Allied POW Wing, Hanoi, DRVN. He earned the Silver Star for his valor and leadership while a prisoner of war.

<i>Hero Found</i>

Hero Found: The Greatest POW Escape of the Vietnam War is a 2010 non-fiction book by author Bruce Henderson. Hero Found is a biography of Vietnam War hero Dieter Dengler, a German-born United States Navy naval aviator who endured six months of imprisonment and torture before being rescued. Dengler survived 23 days in the jungle after escaping from a Pathet Lao prison camp.

Members of the United States armed forces were held as prisoners of war (POWs) in significant numbers during the Vietnam War from 1964 to 1973. Unlike U.S. service members captured in World War II and the Korean War, who were mostly enlisted troops, the overwhelming majority of Vietnam-era POWs were officers, most of them Navy, Air Force, and Marine Corps airmen; a relatively small number of Army enlisted personnel were also captured, as well as one enlisted Navy seaman, Petty Officer Doug Hegdahl, who fell overboard from a naval vessel. Most U.S. prisoners were captured and held in North Vietnam by the People's Army of Vietnam (PAVN); a much smaller number were captured in the south and held by the Việt Cộng (VC). A handful of U.S. civilians were also held captive during the war.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">RVAH-13</span> Military unit

RVAH-13 was a Reconnaissance Attack (Heavy) Squadron of the U.S. Navy. Originally established as Heavy Attack Squadron Thirteen (VAH-13) on 3 January 1961 it was redesignated as Reconnaissance Attack (Heavy) Squadron Thirteen (RVAH-13) on 1 November 1964. The squadron was disestablished on 30 June 1976.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Donald D. Engen</span>

Donald Davenport Engen was a United States Navy vice admiral, former Administrator of the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) and former Director of the National Air and Space Museum.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">James J. Connell</span>

Lieutenant Commander James J. Connell was an American naval aviator. Born in Wilmington, Delaware, Connell served in the United States Navy as a naval aviator. During the Vietnam War, Connell was shot down and captured, eventually dying in captivity. He was posthumously awarded the Navy Cross, with Connell's decoration being the highest award for valor bestowed on a Delawarean during the Vietnam War.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Phillip N. Butler</span> US POW in N. Vietnam for eight years, president Veterans for Peace

Phillip Neal "Phil" Butler is a retired United States Navy officer and pilot. He was the eighth-longest-held U.S. prisoner of war (POW) held in North Vietnam during the Vietnam War. Butler, who was forced to eject after a mid-air explosion on April 20, 1965, was a prisoner of war in North Vietnam until his release as part of Operation Homecoming in 1973. Butler was one of the five POWs credited with establishing the tap code. The code enabled the prisoners to communicate with each other.

References

  1. "Happiness was a Phone Call from the Defense Dept". The Times-News. Hendersonville, North Carolina. 2 March 1973.
  2. 1940 United States Census, United States census,1940; Hookerton, Greene County, North Carolina; roll T627_2918, page 10A, line 30, enumeration district 40-6. Retrieved on 1 January 2015.
  3. 1 2 3 4 McDaniel, Eugene B; Johnson, James L (2012). Scars and Stripes: The True Story of One Man's Courage Facing Death as a POW in Vietnam. Washington, D.C.: WND Books. p. 159. ISBN   978-1-936488-47-6.
  4. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 "McDaniel, Eugene B" (PDF). Early and Pioneer Naval Aviators Association. Retrieved 29 December 2014.
  5. "Enterprise VIIIb". Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships . Navy Department, Naval History and Heritage Command.
  6. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 "Eugene McDaniel". American Defense Institute website. Retrieved 29 December 2014.
  7. "PATTERSON, JAMES KELLY". pownetwork.org. Retrieved 29 December 2014.
  8. Rochester, Stuart I. (2010). The Battle Behind Bars: Navy and Marine POWs in the Vietnam War . Naval Historical Foundation. ISBN   978-0-945274-61-2.
  9. "106 Healthy, Happy POWs are Returned from Red Captivity". The Lewiston Daily Sun. Lewiston, Maine. 5 March 1973.
  10. "Niagara Falls Commanding Officers". NavSource Online. Archived from the original on 6 June 2015. Retrieved 30 December 2014.
  11. "Lexington Commanding Officers". NavSource Online. Retrieved 29 December 2014.
  12. "Coming Soon!". www.gerardbianco.com. Archived from the original on 2004-03-25.
  13. CLYMER, ADAM (15 July 1982). "G.O.P. SEEKS GAINS IN NORTH CAROLINA". New York Times.
  14. Lefler, JOl Melissa (September 1988). "It's up to you" (PDF). All Hands. 66 (858). Navy Internal Relations Activity: 34. ISSN   0002-5577.
  15. Meredith, MC2 Mark (9 July 2010). "Returning Warrior Workshop Brings Families, Sailors Together". NNS100709-08. Navy News Service.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  16. Pursle, Ensign Anna (4 March 2010). "Vietnam War POW Visits USS Preble". NNS100304-04. Navy News Service.
  17. 1 2 3 4 5 6 "Eugene Barker McDaniel". militarytimes.com. Archived from the original on 29 December 2014. Retrieved 29 December 2014.
  18. "Freedoms Foundation" (PDF). Naval Aviation News (May 1979). US Navy.