The Battle of Hunayn was between the Muslims of Muhammad and the Bedouins of the Qays, including its clans of Hawazin and the Thaqif. The battle took place in 8 AH, at the Hunayn valley, on the route from Mecca to Taif. The battle ultimately ended in a decisive victory for the Muslims, who captured enormous spoils. It is mentioned in Surat at-Tawbah of the Quran, and is one of the few battles mentioned by name in the Qur’an.
The early Muslim–Meccan conflict refer to a series of raids in which the Islamic prophet Muhammad and his companions participated. The raids were generally offensive and carried out to gather intelligence or seize the trade goods of caravans financed by the Quraysh. His followers were also impoverished. The raids were intended to harm the economy and in turn the offensive capabilities of Mecca by Muhammad. He also broke an Arab tradition of not attacking one's own kinsmen by raiding caravans. The Muslims felt that the raids were justified and that Allah gave them permission to defend against the Meccans' persecution of Muslims.
The Al-Qarada raid was an event in early Islamic history which took place in Jumad at Thaniya, in the year 3 A.H of the Islamic calendar, i.e. November 624.
The Expedition of Abdullah ibn Unais, also known as the Assassination of Khaled bin Sufyan was the first attack against the Banu Lahyan, which took place in the month of Muharram in the year A.H. 3. It was reported that Khaled bin Sufyan Al-Hathali, considered an attack on Madinah and that he was inciting the people on Nakhla or Uranah to fight Muslims. So Muhammad sent Abdullah ibn Unais to assassinate him. After cutting off Khaled bin Sufyan's head at night, Unais brought it back to Muhammad.
The Expedition of al Raji, occurred directly after the Battle of Uhud in the year AH 4 of the Islamic calendar.
The Expedition of Bir Maona, according to Islamic tradition, took place four months after the Battle of Uhud in the year A.H. 4 of the Islamic calendar. It is believed the Islamic prophet Muhammad sent missionaries to preach Islam, at the request of Abu Bara. Forty or seventy of the Muslim missionaries sent by Muhammed were killed.
The Invasion of Banu Qurayza took place in Dhul Qa‘dah during January of CE 627 and followed on from the Battle of the Trench.
The Expedition of 'Abdullah ibn 'Atik also known as the Assassination of Abu Rafi' ibn Abi Al-Huqaiq, took place in March, AD 627.
The Expedition of Muhammad ibn Maslamah took place in July, 627 AD in Muharram, 6AH.
Expedition of Zayd ibn Harithah in Hisma took place in October, 628, 6th month of 7AH of the Islamic calendar. The attack led by Zayd ibn Harithah was a response to Dihyah bin Khalifa Kalbi's call for help, after being attacked by robbers. Muslims retaliated and killed many of the robbers and captured 100 tribe members
The Expedition of al-Muraysiʿ was an early Muslim campaign against the tribe of Banu Mustaliq which took place in December 627 CE.
Expedition of Khalid ibn al-Walid, to Mecca, against Banu Jadhimah, took place in January 630 AD, 8AH, 9th month, of the Islamic Calendar.
The Expedition of Uyainah bin Hisn, against the Banu Tamim tribe took place in July 630, 9AH, 1st month, of the Islamic Calendar.
The expedition of Abu Amir Al-Ashari, took place in January 630 AD or 8AH, 10th month, of the Islamic Calendar, in Autas.
The Expedition of Ali ibn Abi Talib, against the Banu Tai tribe, took place in August 630 AD, 9AH, second month, of the Islamic Calendar. to destroy the statue (idol) of the pagan deity al-Fuls (al-Qullus).
Expedition of Khalid ibn al-Walid, to Najran, took place in 10AH of the Islamic Calendar, Around June 631 AD.
The demolition or burning of Masjid al-Dirar , or the Mosque of Dissent, is mentioned in the Qur'an. Masjid al-Dirar was a Medinian mosque that was erected close to the Quba' Mosque and which the Islamic prophet Muhammad initially approved of but subsequently had destroyed while he was returning from the Expedition to Tabouk. In the main account narrated by the majority of scholars, the mosque was built by 12 hypocrites (munafiqeen) on the commands of Abu 'Amir al-Rahib; a Hanif who refused Muhammad's invitation to Islam and instead fought along with the Meccan non-Muslims against Islam in the Battle of Uhud. Abu 'Amir reportedly urged his men to establish a stronghold and prepare whatever they can of power and weapons as he promised and insinuated to them that he will lead an army, backed by Heraclius, to fight Muhammad and his companions, and defeat his message by expelling him from Medina. Ahmad ibn Yahya al-Baladhuri also relates that the men, who built the Al-Dirar mosque "for mischief and for infidelity and to disunite the Believers" refused to pray in Masjid al-Quba claiming that it was built in a place where a donkey used to be tied up.
According to Islamic tradition, the invasion of Banu Qaynuqa, also known as the expedition against Banu Qaynuqa, occurred in AD 624. The Banu Qaynuqa were a Jewish tribe expelled by the Islamic prophet Muhammad for breaking the treaty known as the Constitution of Medina after an argument arose between them after they sexually harassed a woman in a market place. The tribe eventually surrendered to him after fifteen days of being blockaded. Muhammad, who was about to make a decision, ultimately yielded to Abdullah ibn Ubayy's insistence and decided to expel Banu Qaynuqa.
Abu Musa Abd Allah ibn Qays al-Ash'ari, better known as Abu Musa al-Ash'ari was a companion of Muhammad and an important figure in early Islamic history. He was at various times governor of Basra and Kufa and was involved in the early Muslim conquest of Persia.
