Fauriea

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Fauriea
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Fungi
Division: Ascomycota
Class: Lecanoromycetes
Order: Teloschistales
Family: Teloschistaceae
Genus: Fauriea
S.Y.Kondr., Lőkös & Hur (2016)
Type species
Fauriea chujaensis
(S.Y.Kondr., Lőkös & Hur) S.Y.Kondr., Lőkös, J.Kim, A.S.Kondr., S.O.Oh & Hur (2016)
Species

F. chujaensis
F. jejuensis
F. mandshuriaensis
F. orientochinensis
F. tabidella
F. trassii
F. yonaguniensis

Contents

Fauriea is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Teloschistaceae. [1] The genus, which contains seven species, [2] is a member of the subfamily Caloplacoideae.

Characteristics of the genus Fauriea include its crustose, continuous grey to whitish-grey thallus and Lecanora-type apothecia (fruiting structures) with a brown or dark brown disc . The thallus has a sleek, continuous structure that is not areolate , with greyish colours. The apothecia, which initially appear submerged within the thallus, later partially emerge or can be seen in structures called thalline warts.

Taxonomy

Fauriea was circumscribed in 2016 by lichenologists Sergey Kondratyuk, Laszlo Lőkös, and Jae-Seoun Hur, with Fauriea chujaensis assigned as the type species. The genus was named in honour of French botanist Urbain Jean Faurie (1847–1915), who made significant contributions to the collections of lichens, mosses and vascular plants in the Eastern Asian region. In terms of phylogenetics, Fauriea is closely related to the genus Rufoplaca , the Caloplaca furax group, and the newly identified Caloplaca lecapustulata and Caloplaca lecanorocarpa . However, the evidence for this shared relationship is not very strong, except for the clear and strong evidence connecting Rufoplaca with the Caloplaca furax group. [3]

Fauriea was originally was proposed for two species, i.e., the type species F. chujaensis and F. orientochinensis. [3] Several species were proposed for addition to the genus in 2019 and 2020. [4] [5]

Description

Lichens in Fauriea have crustose thalli, which exists as uninterrupted, whole (i.e., not fragmented into areolae ) surfaces, with various shades of grey, from muted grey to lead-grey, to whitish grey in certain areas. The disc of the Lecanora -like apothecia, in contrast, are hues of brown to dark brown. [3]

A key characteristic of Fauriea is the form of its apothecia, which initially lie hidden within the thallus, only to semi-emerge or become apparent in thalline warts later on. These apothecia may give the appearance of being lecanorine or sunken into the thallus, which is truly lecanorine . The edges of the thalline margin have a whitish-grey tone, contrasting with the dark brown disc. When the true margin develops completely, it shows a light brown or transparent brown shade. [3]

A cross-section of the Fauriea reveals additional details about its morphology; the true exciple shows a range of tissue structure from scleroplectenchymatous to mesodermatous paraplectenchymatous . The cortical layer of the thalline exciple is purely paraplectenchymatous. The paraphyses , shaped like a broomstick's bristles, branch out at the top, and have a brownish tint. [3]

Inside the asci of the Fauriea, there are eight spores. These ascospores are bipolar, with a narrow ellipsoid form that broadens slightly at the septum. The septum of these ascospores is of medium width. Conidiomata have not been observed in Fauriea. [3]

On a chemical level, both the thallus and epihymenium yield negative results for K spot reactions. Also notable is the absence of anthraquinones (chemical substances common in the Teloschistaceae), contributing to the unique chemistry of the genus. [3]

Habitat and distribution

Fauriea is commonly found on siliceous rocks in the coastal areas, often sharing space with members of Caloplaca and genera such as Lecanora, Ramalina , and Phaeophyscia , or on the bark of pine trees. [3]

Fauriea is macroscopically similar to some Pyrenodesmia species, particularly P. variabilis , but it stands out due to its entire thallus, smaller apothecia, narrower ascospores and a significantly wider ascospore septum. Its absence of a white pruina on apothecial discs and lack of K+ and C+ spot test reactions also sets it apart. The absence of molecular data for 'Caloplaca' atroalba, a North American lichen that shares similar characteristics with Fauriea chujaensis, provides a challenge for further comparative analysis. Additionally, Fauriea chujaensis bears a resemblance to the genus Aspicilia (family Megasporaceae), but the morphology of its ascospores confirms its place within the family Teloschistaceae. [3]

Species

As of October 2023, Species Fungorum (in the Catalogue of Life) accept seven species of Fauriea. [2]

One taxon that was proposed for inclusion in this genus as Fauriea patwolseleyae(S.Y.Kondr., Jayalal & Hur) S.Y.Kondr. (2019) is now known as Caloplaca patwolseleyae . [6]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Teloschistaceae</span> Family of lichen-forming fungi

The Teloschistaceae are a large family of mostly lichen-forming fungi belonging to the class Lecanoromycetes in the division Ascomycota. The family has a cosmopolitan distribution, although members occur predominantly in subtropical and temperate regions. Most members are lichens that either live on rock or on bark, but about 40 species are lichenicolous – meaning they are non-lichenised fungi that live on other lichens. Many members of the Teloschistaceae are readily identifiable by their vibrant orange to yellow hue, a result of their frequent anthraquinone content. The presence of these anthraquinone pigments, which confer protection from ultraviolet light, enabled this group to expand from shaded forest habitats to harsher environmental conditions of sunny and arid ecosystems during the Late Cretaceous.

Neobrownliella brownlieae is a species of saxicolous (rock-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Teloschistaceae. It is widely distributed in Australia.

Neobrownliella is a genus of crustose lichens in the subfamily Teloschistoideae of the family Teloschistaceae. It has five species. The genus was circumscribed in 2015 by lichenologists Sergey Kondratyuk, Jack Elix, Ingvar Kärnefelt, and Arne Thell, with Neobrownliella brownlieae assigned as the type species. It is a segregate of the large genus Caloplaca. Characteristics of Neobrownliella include a thallus that is continuous or areolate, the presence of anthraquinones as lichen products, a cortical layer with a palisade paraplectenchyma, and the lack of a thick palisade cortical layer on the underside of the thalline exciple. Two species were included in the original circumscription of the genus; an additional three species were added in 2020.

<i>Lendemeriella nivalis</i> Species of lichen

Lendemeriella nivalis is a species of muscicolous (moss-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Teloschistaceae. It was first formally described as a new species in 1853 by German lichenologist Gustav Wilhelm Körber, who called it Zeora nivalis. Sergey Kondratyuk transferred it to the newly created genus Lendemeriella in 2020.

Orientophila is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Teloschistaceae. It has 15 species of mostly saxicolous (rock-dwelling), crustose lichens. All Orientophila species occur in Northeast Asia including China, Japan, South Korea, and the Russian Far East.

Pisutiella is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Teloschistaceae. It contains five species of saxicolous (rock-dwelling), crustose lichens that are found in a variety of environments in the Northern Hemisphere.

Franwilsia is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Teloschistaceae. It has three species.

Upretia is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Teloschistaceae. It has three species of saxicolous (rock-dwelling), crustose lichens. Upretia is characterised by its small ascospores and narrow, rod-shaped conidia. The distribution of the genus ranges from mid-altitude rocky terrains in India to both arid and higher altitudinal environments in China.

Caloplaca filsonii is a species of corticolous (bark-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Teloschistaceae. It has a crust-like thallus that is uneven and warty around the edges and more distinctly wart-like in the centre, coloured in shades of grey and brownish-grey near its reproductive structures (apothecia), but lacking a developed prothallus.

Elixjohnia bermaguiana is a species of saxicolous (rock-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Teloschistaceae. It is found in Australia. The lichen is characterised by its varying areoles, which are thin to moderately thick, flat to slightly convex, and range from bright yellow to whitish in colour, sometimes with a greenish-yellow hue. Its apothecia are small, with a distinct orange margin and a raised brownish-orange or yellowish-brown disc.

Elixjohnia gallowayi is a species of saxicolous (rock-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Teloschistaceae. It has a vividly coloured thallus, ranging in hues from bright red to reddish-orange. It is found in Australia.

Filsoniana australiensis is a species of saxicolous (rock-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Teloschistaceae. It is found in Australia. The lichen forms patches up to 9 cm wide, with dull pink to brownish pink lobes and a verrucose central area. It has distinctive, raised reddish-orange apothecia.

Filsoniana rexfilsonii is a species of saxicolous (rock-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Teloschistaceae. Found in Australia, it was formally described as a new species in 2007. The thallus of Filsoniana rexfilsonii comprises brownish-orange squamules each hosting one to four reproductive structures.

Neobrownliella montisfracti is a species of saxicolous (rock-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Teloschistaceae. It is found in Australia. The small lichen has dull pink to grey areoles, characterised by completely immersed, reddish to pink-brown apothecia and lacking soredia and isidia. Its areoles are closely pressed against the substrate, with the apothecia containing small, elongated ascospores and narrowly rod-shaped conidia.

Sirenophila cliffwetmorei is a species of saxicolous (rock-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Teloschistaceae. It is found in Australia. Its thallus can reach up to 1 centimetre in width, has a whitish to whitish-grey colour, and is very thin, sometimes almost merging with the substrate, and has paler edges with a darker grey centre. Its numerous tiny apothecia give the thallus a yellow-orange appearance.

Fauriea trassii is a lichen species in the family Teloschistaceae, described in 2011. It is primarily found in the Far East of Russia, particularly in the Primorsky Krai region.

Kaernefia kaernefeltii is a species of saxicolous (rock-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Teloschistaceae. It is widely distributed in Australia.

Oxneriopsis is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Teloschistaceae. It has four species of corticolous (bark-dwelling), crustose lichens.

Lazarenkoiopsis is a single-species fungal genus in the family Teloschistaceae. It contains Lazarenkoiopsis ussuriensis, a corticolous (bark-dwelling), crustose lichen species found in the Russian Far East.

Elixjohnia jackelixii is a species of saxicolous (rock-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Teloschistaceae. It is found in Australia and New Zealand. The lichen is characterised by its unique multilayered appearance with outer sterile rings that are brownish or greenish-yellow and inner areoles that are whitish, yellowish, or greyish, often cracked to reveal the medulla underneath. Its fruiting bodies, or apothecia, are typically attached directly to the thallus and vary in colour and shape.

References

  1. ↑ Wijayawardene, N.N.; Hyde, K.D.; Dai, D.Q.; Sánchez-García, M.; Goto, B.T.; Saxena, R.K.; et al. (2022). "Outline of Fungi and fungus-like taxa – 2021". Mycosphere. 13 (1): 53–453 [157]. doi: 10.5943/mycosphere/13/1/2 . hdl: 10481/76378 . S2CID   249054641.
  2. 1 2 "Fauriea". Catalogue of Life . Species 2000: Leiden, the Netherlands. Retrieved 16 October 2023.
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Kondratyuk, S.Y.; Lőkös, L.; Kim, J.A.; Kondratiuk, A. S.; Jeong, M.-H.; Jang, S.H.; Oh, S.-O.; Wang, X.Y.; Hur, J.-S. (2016). "Fauriea, a new genus of the lecanoroid caloplacoid lichens (Teloschistaceae, lichen-forming ascomycetes)". Acta Botanica Hungarica. 58 (3–4): 303–318. doi:10.1556/abot.58.2016.3-4.6.
  4. 1 2 Kondratyuk, S.Y.; Lőkös, L.; Farkas, E.; Jang, S.-H.; Liu, D.; Halda, J.; Persson, P.-E.; Hansson, M.; Kärnefelt, I.; Thell, A.; Fačkovcová, Z.; Yamamoto, Y.; Hur, J.-S. (2019). "New and noteworthy lichen-forming and lichenicolous fungi 9". Acta Botanica Hungarica. 61 (3–4): 325–367. doi:10.1556/034.61.2019.3-4.6. S2CID   229283962.
  5. ↑ Kondratyuk, S.Y.; Lőkös, L.; Farkas, E.; Kärnefelt, I.; Thell, A.; Yamamoto, Y.; Hur, J.-S. (2020). "Three new genera of the Teloschistaceae proved by three gene phylogeny" (PDF). Acta Botanica Hungarica. 62 (1–2): 109–136. doi:10.1556/034.62.2020.1-2.7. S2CID   226056287.
  6. ↑ "Record Details: Fauriea patwolseleyae (S.Y. Kondr., Jayalal & Hur) S.Y. Kondr., in Kondratyuk, Lőkös, Farkas, Jang, Liu, Halda, Persson, Hansson, Kärnefelt, Thell, Fačkovcová, Yamamoto & Hur, Acta bot. hung. 61(3-4): 333 (2019)". Index Fungorum . Retrieved 16 October 2023.
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