Favratia

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Favratia
Favratia zoysii RF.jpg
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Asterids
Order: Asterales
Family: Campanulaceae
Subfamily: Campanuloideae
Genus: Favratia
Feer [1]
Species:
F. zoysii
Binomial name
Favratia zoysii
(Wulfen) Feer [1]
Synonyms [2]

Campanula zoysiiWulfen

Favratia zoysii, known commonly as Zois' bellflower, Zoysi's harebell, or crimped bellflower, is the sole member of the genus Favratia, closely related to Campanula (bellflowers). [3] [4] [5]

Contents

Distribution and habitat

The plant is endemic to Austria, northern Italy (Friuli–Venezia Giulia and Veneto), and Slovenia. [6] It grows most readily in limestone crevices in the Julian, Kamnik–Savinja Alps and the Peca Mountain, [7] as well as in the dolomitic Alps of Italy and Austria. [8] A white-flowered form of C. zoysii, called Lismore Ice [9] was cultured from seeds harvested in the Julian Alps. The plant is much more compact in growth than its purple form. It is also slower growing and has smaller leaves, the tips of which are yellow.

Favratia zoysii can survive in temperatures as low as −35 to −40 °C (−31 to −40 °F). [8] Garden pests include slugs and snails. [10]

Description

Mature plant with a cross section of a flower and closeup of seeds Campanula zoysii Gardeners Chronicle.png
Mature plant with a cross section of a flower and closeup of seeds

The plant tends to grow low, reaching anywhere from 5 to 7 cm (2 to 3 in) in height, though some plants may grow as tall as 23 cm (9 in). [3] Tufts (or "cushions") of the plant tend to creep outward as it grows. [8] Seedlings require two years to grow to flower.

Flowers

The genus is unique among its family of bellflowers. The mouth of F. zoysii's bell-shaped flower narrows, ending in a five-pointed star, while the flowers of Campanula species are likewise bell-shaped, but open. [8] [11] (The "pinched" shape of these flowers nonetheless manages to allow insects inside for pollination.) The flowers are arranged one to three for each stem. [3] The plant's pale sky blue- to lavender-colored flowers bloom in June over a three- to four-week period. [8]

Leaves

Leaves are crowded at the root, stalked, ovate and blunt; stem leaves are obovate, lance-shaped and linear. [3]

Cultural significance

Favratia zoysii is held in high regard in Slovenia. It is considered a symbol of the Slovene Alps, and was called "the true daughter of the Slovene mountains" by the renowned botanist Viktor Petkovšek (1908–1994). It is the symbol of the oldest (and the only one in the natural environment) alpine garden in Slovenia, Alpinum Juliana, established in 1926. [12]

Favratia zoysii is highly esteemed as an ornamental plant in rock gardens. The September 1905 issue of Gardeners' Chronicle praises F. zoysii as "choicest and most distinct ... of a genus comprising flowers of the greatest beauty and of the highest merit in the garden". [13]

The plant was named by the botanist Franz Xaver von Wulfen (1728–1805) in honor of its discoverer, the botanist Karl von Zois (1756–1799), who introduced it to him. It was first described by Nikolaus Joseph von Jacquin in 1789. [6] [note 1]

Related Research Articles

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Campanula is the type genus of the Campanulaceae family of flowering plants. Campanula are commonly known as bellflowers and take both their common and scientific names from the bell-shaped flowers—campanula is Latin for "little bell".

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Campanulaceae</span> Family of flowering plants comprising bellflowers

The family Campanulaceae, of the order Asterales, contains nearly 2400 species in 84 genera of herbaceous plants, shrubs, and rarely small trees, often with milky sap. Among them are several familiar garden plants belonging to the genera Campanula (bellflower), Lobelia, and Platycodon (balloonflower). Campanula rapunculus and Codonopsis lanceolata are eaten as vegetables. Lobelia inflata, L. siphilitica and L. tupa and others have been used as medicinal plants. Campanula rapunculoides may be a troublesome weed, particularly in gardens, while Legousia spp. may occur in arable fields.

<i>Campanula rapunculoides</i> Species of flowering plant

Campanula rapunculoides, known by the common names creeping bellflower, rampion bellflower, rover bellflower, garden bluebell, creeping bluebell, purple bell, garden harebell, and creeping campanula, is a perennial herbaceous plant of the genus Campanula, belonging to the family Campanulaceae. Native to central and southern Europe and west Asia, in some parts of North America it is an extremely invasive species.

<i>Campanula persicifolia</i> Species of flowering plant

Campanula persicifolia, the peach-leaved bellflower, is a flowering plant species in the family Campanulaceae. It is an herbaceous perennial growing to 1 m. Its flowers are cup-shaped and can be either lilac-blue or white. Its foliage is narrow and glossy with a bright green appearance.

<i>Campanula patula</i> Species of flowering plant

Campanula patula or spreading bellflower is a plant species of the genus Campanula. It can grow to more than half a meter high. This delicate bellflower bears lateral branches of pale blue or white flowers that are upright and funnel shaped. The leaves are narrow and pointed. Branches are often supported by the surrounding vegetation, so the plants can appear prostrate. The main difference between this and other bellflowers is that the petals in the bell are spread out and more pointed and this gives this species its common name.

<i>Campanula gelida</i> Species of flowering plant in the bellflower family Campanulaceae

Campanula gelida is a stenoendemic, critically endangered species of flowering plant in the bellflower family Campanulaceae. It is a perennial species that grows in the mountains of Hrubý Jeseník in the Czech Republic. It evolved through specialization of an isolated population of Campanula scheuchzeri, an Alpine species, which expanded to the area of the Sudetes during a colder period, probably the last ice age. It is closely related to Campanula bohemica, endemic to the Giant Mountains. Sometimes it is even considered its subspecies and referred to as Campanula bohemica subsp. gelida. They all belong to the group of related species Campanula rotundifolia agg.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Belsazar Hacquet</span>

Belsazar de la Motte Hacquet was a Carniolan physician of French descent in the Enlightenment Era. He was a war surgeon, a surgeon in the mining town of Idrija, and a professor of anatomy and surgery in Laibach. He researched the geology and botany of Carniola, Istria, and nearby places, and was the first explorer of the Julian Alps. He also did ethnographical work among the South Slavic peoples, particularly among the Slovene-speaking population. He self-identified primarily as a chemist and introduced the methods of chemical analysis to Carniola.

<i>Campanula poscharskyana</i> Species of flowering plant in the bellflower family Campanulaceae

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<i>Campanula portenschlagiana</i> Species of flowering plant

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<i>Campanula isophylla</i> Species of plant

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<i>Cyclamen purpurascens</i> Species of flowering plant in the family Primulaceae

Cyclamen purpurascens, the purple cyclamen, is a species of flowering plant in the genus Cyclamen of the family Primulaceae, native to central Europe, northern Italy, and former Yugoslavia. It is an evergreen tuberous perennial with (usually) variegated leaves, and deep pink flowers in summer.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Karl von Zois</span>

Karl von Zois zu Laibach was a Carniolan amateur botanist and plant collector. Von Zois was described as a "country gentleman". He is best known today as the namesake of zoysiagrass, which was named by Carl Ludwig Willdenow in 1801. The bellflower Campanula zoysii is also named after him.

<i>Campanula punctata</i> Species of flowering plant

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<i>Campanula piperi</i> Species of flowering plant

Campanula piperi is a species of flowering plant in the bellflower family, Campanulaceae. It is native to the Olympic Mountains on the Olympic Peninsula in the U.S. state of Washington. It has also been noted on Vancouver Island, British Columbia.

<i>Campanula spicata</i> Species of flowering plant

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<i>Campanula betulifolia</i> Species of flowering plant in the bellflower family Campanulaceae

Campanula betulifolia, the birch-leaved bellflower, is a flowering plant in the family Campanulaceae, native to Turkey, where it grows in crevices in volcanic cliffs. The plant was named in 1850 by the German botanist Karl Koch, following plant-collecting expeditions to the Caucasus.

<i>Campanula thyrsoides</i> Species of flowering plant

Campanula thyrsoides is a flowering plant belonging to the family Campanulaceae.

<i>Campanula tommasiniana</i> Species of flowering plant

Campanula tommasiniana, known as the Croatian bellflower or Tommasini bell flower, is a perennial species of flowering plant in the family Campanulaceae. It is native to the alpine regions of Croatia. It has gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit as an ornamental.

<i>Gentiana froelichii</i> Species of plant

Gentiana froelichii, commonly known as the Karawanken gentian, is an endemic hemicryptophyte and perennial plant species in the family Gentianaceae, which occurs in southeastern Alps. It can be found in Austria and Slovenia, with a few reported occurrences happening in Italy.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Črna Prst</span> Mountain peak in the Julian Alps

Črna Prst is a mountain in the southeastern Julian Alps, located at the edge of Triglav National Park. Standing at 1,844 metres (6,050 ft), it is the 370th–highest peak in Slovenia. In the interwar period, the mountain ridge marked the border between the Kingdom of Italy and the Kingdom of Yugoslavia.

References

Notes
  1. ↑ Collectanea 2:122. 1789 ("1788"); Icon. pl. rar. 2: t. 334. 1789 ("1786-1793") [6]
References
  1. 1 2 Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 12: 610 (1890)
  2. ↑ "Favratia Feer". Plants of the World Online. Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. 2017. Retrieved 30 August 2020.
  3. 1 2 3 4 Robinson, W (1878). Hardy Flowers. London: Macmillan and Co. p.  86.
  4. ↑ Walter Erhardt; Allen J. Coombes (2009). The Timber Press Dictionary of Plant Names . Timber Press. p.  182. ISBN   978-1-60469-115-3 . Retrieved 1 September 2012.
  5. ↑ Xu, Chao; Hong, De-Yuan (2020). "Phylogenetic analyses confirm polyphyly of the genus Campanula (Campanulaceae s. STR.), leading to a proposal for generic reappraisal". Journal of Systematics and Evolution. 59 (3): 475–489. doi:10.1111/jse.12586. S2CID   216217907.
  6. 1 2 3 "Favratia". Germplasm Resources Information Network . Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture.
  7. ↑ "Naravne znamenitosti: Peca". Karavanke.eu. Retrieved 12 March 2012.
  8. 1 2 3 4 5 Walek, Kristl. "Campanula zoysii: "Daughter of the Slovene Mountains"". Ottawa Valley Rock Garden & Horticultural Society. Archived from the original on 27 September 2006. Retrieved 6 August 2010.
  9. ↑ "Lismore Ice - Campanula Zoisii".
  10. ↑ Meredith, Lewis B (1914). Rock Gardens: How to Make and Maintain Them. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons. p.  254.
  11. ↑ "Campanula zoysii". Campanula Bellflowers. Wild Ginger Farm. Archived from the original on 2010-06-29. Retrieved 6 August 2010.
  12. ↑ "Zoisova zvončica – simbol rastlinstva na sončni strani Alp" [Zois' Bellflower – the Symbol of the Flora on the Sunny Side of the Alps]. Epicenter: Glasilo Posoškega Razvojnega Centra (in Slovenian). VII (6–7): 24. 2006. ISSN   1581-6087. Archived from the original on 2014-08-13. Retrieved 2014-08-13.
  13. ↑ "Alpine Garden: Campanula zoysii". Gardeners' Chronicle. Vol. XXVIII. London. 23 September 1905. pp. 228–229.
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