| Headquarters | Quezon City  |
|---|---|
| Affiliations | Trade Union Congress of the Philippines |
The Federation of Free Farmers (FFF) is an agricultural association in the Philippines.
| Headquarters | Quezon City |
|---|---|
| Affiliations | Trade Union Congress of the Philippines |
The Federation of Free Farmers (FFF) is an agricultural association in the Philippines.
The organization was founded on October 25, 1953, in Porac, Pampanga by Catholics with Christian democratic leanings, following the decline of communism in the Philippines. [1] [2] Its early recruitment efforts did not meet with substantial success. [2]
One of its founding members, Jeremias Montemayor, a lawyer, [3] developed an early plan for an agricultural cooperative organization called "Plows and Peace" which later developed into a plan for the organization. [4] Fernando Esguerra was another influential figure in FFF's early history. [5]
According to Roth, FFF was instrumental in passing a 1971 statute revising the government's approach to land reform. [6] In October 1971, 500 farmers affiliated with FFF occupied land allocated Central Mindanao University. [7]
Silliman argues that, as of 1980, FFF—unusually among agrarian organizations under the Marcos regime—was affiliated with the state. [8]
FFF was a member organization of the International Federation of Agricultural Producers (IFAP) before IFAP's dissolution in 2010. [9]
Crater argues that the basic aim of FFF in its early years was to ensure that every peasant farmer was "the owner of a family-size farm". [10] Overholt suggests that FFF, as of the 1970s, was against "absentee landlords". [11]
Borras argues that FFF underwent a number of ideological transformations in the 1960s and 1970s. In his view, FFF was founded with "conservative" leanings, became briefly "radicalized" in the 1960s, and then, following the exit of the radical faction in the 1970s, returned to its ideological roots. [9]
Agrarianism is a social and political philosophy that promotes subsistence agriculture, family farming, widespread property ownership, and political decentralization. Adherents of agrarianism tend to value traditional bonds of local community over urban modernity. Agrarian political parties sometimes aim to support the rights and sustainability of small farmers and poor peasants against the wealthy in society.
Politics in the Philippines are governed by a three-branch system of government. The country is a democracy, with a president who is directly elected by the people and serves as both the head of state and the head of government. The president serves as the leader of the executive branch and is a powerful political figure. A president may only hold office for one six-year term. The bicameral Congress consists of two separate bodies: the Senate, with members elected at-large across the country, and the larger House of Representatives, with members chosen mostly from specific geographic districts. The Congress performs legislative functions. The judiciary is overseen by the Supreme Court of the Philippines and has extensive review jurisdiction over judgments issued by other governmental and administrative institutions.
A farmer is a person engaged in agriculture, raising living organisms for food or raw materials. The term usually applies to people who do some combination of raising field crops, orchards, vineyards, poultry, or other livestock. A farmer might own the farmland or might work as a laborer on land owned by others. In most developed economies, a "farmer" is usually a farm owner (landowner), while employees of the farm are known as farm workers. However, in other older definitions a farmer was a person who promotes or improves the growth of plants, land, or crops or raises animals by labor and attention.
Sharecropping is a legal arrangement in which a landowner allows a tenant (sharecropper) to use the land in return for a share of the crops produced on that land. Sharecropping is not to be confused with tenant farming, providing the tenant a higher economic and social status.
The New Society Movement, formerly named the New Society Movement of United Nationalists, Liberals, et cetera, is a right-wing political party in the Philippines. It was first formed in 1978 as an umbrella coalition of parties supporting then-President Ferdinand E. Marcos for the Interim Batasang Pambansa and was his political vehicle during his 20-year regime. It was reorganized as a political party in 1986, and is the furthest to the right of the political spectrum among active parties after Marcos' ouster.
The Lumad are a group of Austronesian indigenous peoples in the southern Philippines. It is a Cebuano term meaning "native" or "indigenous". The term is short for Katawhang Lumad, the autonym officially adopted by the delegates of the Lumad Mindanao Peoples Federation (LMPF) founding assembly on 26 June 1986 at the Guadalupe Formation Center, Balindog, Kidapawan, Cotabato, Philippines. Usage of the term was accepted in Philippine jurisprudence when President Corazon Aquino signed into law Republic Act 6734, where the word was used in Art. XIII sec. 8(2) to distinguish Lumad ethnic communities from the islands of Mindanao.
The Democratic Alliance was a leftist party in the Philippines created on July 15, 1945, primarily composed of members of the National Peasants Union of the Hukbalahap, the Committee of Labor Organizations of the Communist Party of the Philippines, the Filipino Blue Eagle Guerrillas, and other organizations. The party supported and endorsed the bid of incumbent president Sergio Osmeña and the Nacionalista Party during the 1946 presidential elections against Manuel Roxas and the Nacionalista's liberal wing due to the latter's sympathetic attitude towards Filipino collaborators of the Japanese during World War II and close affiliation with "vested-interest landlord groups".
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The Mendiola massacre was an incident that took place in Mendiola Street, San Miguel, Manila, Philippines on January 22, 1987, in which state security forces under President Corazon Aquino violently dispersed a farmers' march to Malacañang Palace in protest for the lack of government action on land reform.
Engkanto are mythical environmental spirits that are said to have the ability to appear in human form. They are often associated with the spirits of ancestors in the Philippines. They are also characterized as spirit sorts like sirens, dark beings, elves, and more. Belief in their existence has likely existed for centuries, and continues to this day.
In the Philippines, rice production is an important aspect of the country's food supply and economy. The Philippines is the 8th-largest rice producer in the world, accounting for 2.8% of global rice production. The Philippines was also the world's largest rice importer in 2010. There are an estimated 2.4 million rice farmers in the Philippines as of 2020.
The Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Program, more commonly known as CARP, is an agrarian reform law of the Philippines whose legal basis is the Republic Act No. 6657, otherwise known as the Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Law (CARL), signed under the administration of President Cory Aquino. It is the redistribution of private and public agricultural lands to help the beneficiaries survive as small independent farmers, regardless of the “tenurial” arrangement. Its goals are to provide landowners equality in terms of income and opportunities, empower land owner beneficiaries to have equitable land ownership, enhance agricultural production and productivity, provide employment to more agricultural workers, and put an end to conflicts regarding land ownership.
After the Republic of China's central government fled to Taiwan in 1949, the government enacted a series of land reforms on the island throughout the 1950s and 1960s. The reforms occurred in three main successive stages. First, in 1949, farm rents were capped at 37.5% of yields through the 37.5% Arable Rent Reduction Act. Second, starting in 1951, public land was sold to tenant farmers. Third, starting in 1953, large landholdings were broken up and redistributed to tenant farmers in what is dubbed as the "Land to the Tiller" reform.
Dioscoro Siarot Rabor, also known as Joe Rabor, was a Filipino ornithologist, zoologist, and conservationist. Known as the "Father of Philippine Wildlife Conservation", he led more than 50 wildlife expeditions in the Philippines, authored 87 scientific papers and articles, and described 69 new bird taxa and numerous mammal species.
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As of 2005, the Philippines was the ninth largest sugar producer in the world and second largest sugar producer among the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) countries, after Thailand, according to Food and Agriculture Organization. At least seventeen provinces of the Philippines have grown sugarcane, of which the two on Negros Island account for half of the nation's total production, and sugar is one of the Philippines' most important agricultural exports. As of crop year 2009–2010, 29 sugar mills are operational divided as follows: thirteen mills on Negros, six mills on Luzon, four mills on Panay, three mills in Eastern Visayas and three mills on Mindanao.
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Agrarian socialism is a political ideology that promotes social ownership of agrarian and agricultural production as opposed to private ownership. Agrarian socialism involves equally distributing agricultural land among collectivized peasant villages. Many agrarian socialist movements have tended to be rural, locally focused, and traditional. Governments and political parties seeking agrarian socialist policies have existed throughout the world, in regions including Europe, Asia, North America, Latin America, and Africa.
The August 24, 1974 military raid on the Sacred Heart Novitiate in the Novaliches district of Quezon City in the Philippines is considered an important turning point in the Philippine Catholic Church's resistance to the Marcos dictatorship. It was one of the key contributors to the emergence of the "middle force" of the opposition to Ferdinand Marcos, which were willing to work towards the dictator's ouster but were not part of the leftist opposition which had led the movement against Marcos up until that point.
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