Fritillaria affinis

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Fritillaria affinis
Fritillaria affinis Mt Diablo.jpg
Status TNC G5.svg
Secure  (NatureServe) [1]
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Monocots
Order: Liliales
Family: Liliaceae
Subfamily: Lilioideae
Tribe: Lilieae
Genus: Fritillaria
Species:
F. affinis
Binomial name
Fritillaria affinis
Synonyms [2]
  • Fritillaria lanceolataPursh
  • Fritillaria muticaLindl.
  • Fritillaria lunelliiA.Nelson
  • Fritillaria phaeantheraPurdy
  • Fritillaria eximiaEastw.

Fritillaria affinis, the chocolate lily, is a highly variable species of flowering plant in the lily family Liliaceae native to western North America.

Description

It grows from a bulb, which resembles a small mass of rice grains. The stems are 10–120 centimetres (4–47 inches) tall. The flowers are produced in the spring, nodding, 1–4 cm (121+12 in), yellowish or greenish brown with a lot of yellow mottling to purplish black with little mottling, or yellow-green mottled with purple. The leaves are in whorls. [3]

There are two varieties:

Distribution and habitat

It can be found in California, Klamath Ranges, the north coast ranges, Cascade Ranges, north Sierra Nevada foothills, and the San Francisco Bay Area, north to British Columbia, Oregon, Washington, Montana and Idaho. [5]

Its habitat includes oak or pine scrub or open woods and thickets near the coast. It prefers low to mid-elevation, shade or part shade, dry summer dormancy, and good drainage.

Uses

The roots or bulbs can be eaten raw or cooked. [6] Historically, the bulbs of this plant were eaten steamed by Salish Native American peoples, including the Squamish, Sechelt, Halq'emeylem and Straits Salish. [7]

See also

Related Research Articles

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<i>Lilium humboldtii</i> Species of lily

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<i>Hemerocallis fulva</i> Species of flowering plant in the family Asphodelaceae

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<i>Fritillaria pudica</i> Species of flowering plant

Fritillaria pudica, the yellow fritillary, is a small perennial plant found in the sagebrush country in the western United States and Canada. It is a member of the lily family Liliaceae. Another common name is "yellow bells", since it has a bell-shaped yellow flower. It may be found in dryish, loose soil; it is amongst the first plants to flower after the snow melts, but the flower does not last very long; as the petals age, they turn a brick-red colour and begin to curl outward. The flowers grow singly or in pairs on the stems, and the floral parts grow in multiples of threes. The species produces a small corm, which forms corms earning the genus the nickname 'riceroot'. During his historic journey, Meriwether Lewis collected a specimen while passing through Idaho in 1806.

<i>Fritillaria biflora</i> Species of flowering plant

Fritillaria biflora, the chocolate lily or mission bells, is a species of fritillary native to western California, US, and northern Baja California, Mexico. It occurs in the chaparral and woodlands ecoregion, often in serpentine soil formations and hillside grassland habitats.

<i>Lilium columbianum</i> Species of lily

Lilium columbianum is a lily native to western North America. It is also known as the Columbia lily, Columbia tiger lily, or simply tiger lily.

<i>Fritillaria camschatcensis</i> Species of flowering plant

Fritillaria camschatcensis is a species of flowering plant native to northeastern Asia and northwestern North America, including northern Oregon, Washington, British Columbia, Alaska, northern Japan, and the Russian Far East. It has many common names, including Kamchatka fritillary and Kamchatka lily.

<i>Fritillaria verticillata</i> Species of flowering plant

Fritillaria verticillata is a flowering plant in the lily family Liliaceae, native to Japan, Korea, Mongolia, Xinjiang, Kazakhstan and the Altay region of Siberia.

<i>Fritillaria recurva</i> Species of flowering plant

Fritillaria recurva, the scarlet fritillary, is a North American bulb-forming herbaceous perennial plant in the lily family Liliaceae. It is native to the western United States, from southwest Oregon down to northern California where it grows in the Klamath Mountains, Northern Coast Ranges, Cascade Range, and Sierra Nevada. Most of the known Californian locations are in the northern half of the state, as far south as Solano and El Dorado Counties, but there are isolated populations in Tulare and Mariposa Counties. The species has also been reported from Douglas and Washoe Counties in Nevada. It grows in dry, open woodlands and chaparral at 300–2,200 metres (980–7,220 ft), and it blooms in spring from February to July.

<i>Fritillaria eastwoodiae</i> Species of flowering plant

Fritillaria eastwoodiae, also known as Butte County fritillary or Eastwood's fritillary is a rare member of the Lily family (Liliaceae), native to the foothills of the northern Sierra Nevada, and Cascade Mountains in California and southern Oregon, USA.

<i>Erythronium oregonum</i> Species of flowering plant

Erythronium oregonum is a North American species of flowering plant in the lily family which is known by the common name giant white fawnlily or Oregon fawn-lily.

<i>Fritillaria atropurpurea</i> Species of flowering plant

Fritillaria atropurpurea is a species of fritillary known by several common names, including spotted fritillary, purple fritillary, spotted mountainbells, spotted missionbells, and leopard lily.

<i>Ribes aureum</i> Species of plant

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<i>Brodiaea coronaria</i> Species of tree

Brodiaea coronaria is the type species of Brodiaea and also known by the common names harvest brodiaea and crown brodiaea. It is native to western North America from British Columbia to northern California, where it grows in mountains and grasslands.

<i>Fritillaria purdyi</i> Species of flowering plant

Fritillaria purdyi, the Purdy's fritillary, is a rare species of flowering plant in the lily family Liliaceae.

<i>Fritillaria thunbergii</i> Species of flowering plant

Fritillaria thunbergii is a flowering plant species in the lily family Liliaceae. It is native to Kazakhstan and in Xinjiang Province of western China, though cultivated in other places and naturalized in Japan and in other parts of China.

<i>Calochortus longibarbatus</i> Species of flowering plant

Calochortus longibarbatus is a species of flowering plant in the lily family with the common names long-haired star-tulip and longbeard mariposa lily. It is native to Oregon, Washington, and northern California, where it grows in the forest and woodlands of the mountains.

References

  1. "Fritillaria Affinis". NatureServe Explorer. NatureServe. Retrieved 2018-04-01.
  2. Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families, synonyms for Fritillaria affinis var. affinis
  3. Flora of North America Editorial Committee, e. 2002. Magnoliophyta: Liliidae: Liliales and Orchidales. Flora of North America 26: i–xxvi, 1–723.
  4. "North American Fritillarias". Pacific Bulb Society. 29 June 2016. Retrieved 5 April 2018.
  5. Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families, Fritillaria affinis
  6. Benoliel, Doug (2011). Northwest Foraging: The Classic Guide to Edible Plants of the Pacific Northwest (Rev. and updated ed.). Seattle, WA: Skipstone. p. 65. ISBN   978-1-59485-366-1. OCLC   668195076.
  7. Pojar, Jim; MacKinnon, Andy (1994). Plants of the Pacific Northwest Coast: Washington, Oregon, British Columbia, and Alaska. Vancouver, BC: Lone Pine Publishing. p. 110. ISBN   1-55105-040-4.